scholarly journals Problems of water supply of the population and application of the method of electrolysis-structural activation for partial solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Ludmila Prikhodko ◽  
Galina Bryukhanova ◽  
Ekaterina Beljakova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Desalinated Water

We analyzed the problems of water supply for the population of global scale and regional importance. A method for the electrolysis-structural activation of water oriented on the use of initial fresh rainwater or desalinated membrane technology of sea water in a mix with biologically purified household sewage waters. This method can be used on sea vessels, in arid regions of the planet, and in areas with saline groundwater. Activation of water is achieved by mixing biologically purified wastewater obtained by technology that ensures the quality of purified water at the level of requirements for release in a fishery pond and desalinated water (rainwater) or obtained by reverse osmosis in a ratio of their volumes not more than 10:1

Surface Modification of Composite Membranes by Coating PVA/TiO2 Layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Baturalp Yalcinkaya ◽  
Jiri Chaloupek
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Ion Rejection ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Water pollution comprises all of those compounds that change the quality of groundwater and surface water, therefore reducing the suitability of natural water for human use and other vital processes. These compounds result from human activities, especially those that are industrial, agricultural and domestic.The polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes become important in desalination of sea water and brackish water or waste water. However the polyamide reverse osmosis membranes tend to fouling due to their hydrophobic and rough surfaces. In this study flux and rejection of waste water from aluminum production industry were obtained during filtration process by using modified commercial composite membranes. Amount of fouling was evaluated with unmodified and modified membranes. Rejection of iron particles and PH of feed and permeate solutions were determined after filtration process. Results shows that modified membranes were performed higher metal ion rejection and antifouling performance than unmodified membranes.

scholarly journals Managing Water Scarcity Futures: Identifying Factors Influencing Water Quality, Risk Perception and Daily Practices in Urban Environments after the Introduction of Desalination

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Rubén Alejandro Villar-Navascués ◽  
Maria Christina Fragkou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Water Quality Perception

During the last two decades on a global scale, there has been a significant development of desalination as a strategy to ensure the urban water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. Beyond issues related to the higher economic costs, one of the main barriers that may limit this water source’s development is its supposed negative water quality perception. This research aims to understand better which factors are behind water quality perception in Antofagasta (Chile), where desalinated water was introduced in 2003. Since then, this urban water supply system has increasingly incorporated desalination, creating three parallel areas according to the water sources used in each of them (desalinated water, freshwater and a mix of both). To do so, more than 800 questionnaires to test water quality perception and water consumption habits were conducted in households. Up to six logistic regression models have been implemented to identify which variables better explain water quality satisfaction, risk perception and daily water practices considering the water supply area. It is worth noting that most of this type of research has been carried out in study cases with homogeneous urban water supply systems with conventional water resources. Results indicate that, among other factors, organoleptic water characteristics, such as taste, and socioeconomic status are some of the main factors that explain the perception of water quality and daily practices. In addition, a lower water quality perception and greater risk perception have been identified where desalinated water has been introduced, which makes some households develop averting behaviors to improve water quality, such as boil water.

scholarly journals Nghiên cứu mô hình xử lý nước suối Tà Vải tỉnh Hà Giang bằng công nghệ màng lọc kết hợp vật liệu lọc đa năng để cấp nước phục vụ cho sinh hoạt

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Xuân Thường Đặng ◽  
Thị Anh Thơ Lưu ◽  
Văn Thạch Lê ◽  
Thị Hoa Lương ◽  
Văn Đang Dương
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Northwestern Region

Clean water is a basic necessity for daily life. Clean water helps people maintain their daily lives in case of domestic activities. If using unclean water, it will be harmful to the health because water is the medium that transports chemicals and bacteria, viruses, parasites causing diseases that are not visible to the naked eyes. According to statistics, Our country still has many places where the quality of water supply is not ensured for daily life, especially in mountainous, frontier areas and places where the terrain is difficult and lacks of facilities. The water used for living in the northwestern region in general and the Ta Vai stream’s basin in Ha Giang province in particular is taken from rivers and streams that have not been treated or have been processed but the water quality is not guaranteed for living. Therefore, a study on the construction of the treatment model of Ta Vai spring water in Ha Giang province by using membrane technology combined with integrated filter materials for water supply is essential. The research shows that the water treatment model in Ta Vai stream by using membrane technology combined with integrated filter materials has completely treated water as reaching the quality of QCVN 02: 2009 / BYT - National technical regulation on domestic water quality.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF USING REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER RECLAMATION IN THE GAZA STRIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mazen Abuatayef ◽  
Abedelmajeed Kahail ◽  
Hassan Al-Najjar ◽  
Thaer AbuShbak
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Reverse osmosis (RO) technology shows common popularity in the field of water treatment as an advanced stage to eliminate the residual biogenic elements and dissolved impurities after the traditional treatment processes. This article highlights the applicability of using RO membrane technology as a post-treatment stage to treat the discharged effluent from the Gaza wastewater treatment plant. The designed experimental model reveals optimal removal efficiency between 92 and 100% for a number of physical, chemical and biological pollutants. The RO membrane unit demonstrates significant removal efficiency compared to the sand filter where the RO removal efficiency for BOD, TSS, TDS, Fecal Coliform and NO3 were 100, 97.5, 92, 100 and 100%, respectively. The quality of reclaimed wastewater was idealistic where the contents of BOD, Fecal Coliform and NO3 in the permeate were nil, and the concentrations of TDS and TSS were 20 and 296 ppm, respectively. Practically, the results confirm that the wastewater with the reclaimed quality could be used for agricultural activities with no degree of restriction according to FAO’s guidelines water quality for irrigation. According to the Palestinian Standard (PS), the quality of reclaimed wastewater is high, class (A), and it could be used without restrictions to irrigate many crops and for the purposes of groundwater replenishment. Related to energy estimation and cost analysis, the numerical model and the market analysis study demonstrate the energy of 1.23 kWh and total cost, i.e. fixed and energy costs, of 0.58 USD to produce 1 m3 of reclaimed wastewater using the RO membrane in the Gaza Strip over a projected lifespan of 5 years.

scholarly journals Improvement of quality of recirculated water supply of oil refineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
E. E. Ergozhin ◽  
A. A. Tskhay ◽  
T. K. Chalov ◽  
T. V. Kovrigina ◽  
Ye. A. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Unit

The relevance of this work is associated with the need to reduce the volume of water used by returning it to the start of the technological process. Thus, the work aims to improve the quality of the recycled water supply to petrochemical and oil refineries, in particular Atyrau Refinery LLP. This article provides data on purification of blowdown water by reverse osmosis method. A pilot reverse osmosis unit with a capacity of 600 l / h has been manufactured and a technological scheme for purification to standards that meet the requirements of make-up water has been developed, as well as a technical task for the design of industrial recycling water supply systems and appropriate recommendations have been provided.

scholarly journals Availability and Feasibility of Water Desalination as a Non-Conventional Resource for Agricultural Irrigation in the MENA Region: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7592
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Awaad ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Hassan E.S. Fath ◽  
Akbar A. Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Quality Of Water

Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which poses a great challenge to agricultural production. Furthermore, water scarcity is projected to increase due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The integration of solar power and water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages is one of the preferred technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done through sufficient management of environmental climatic variables as well as the quantity and quality of water and applied fertilisers with irrigation. Numerous crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, strawberries, flowers, and herbs can be grown under greenhouse conditions using desalinated water. This paper displays the state of the art in (i) solar-driven saltwater desalination to irrigate crops, (ii) the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in the MENA region, (iii) the economics and environmental impacts of the desalination process, (iv) the quality of desalinated water compared with other non-conventional water resources and (v) recommendations for the future in the MENA region.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation for Riverbank Filtration Sustainability Considering Climatic Changes in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions; Case Study of RBF Site at Embaba, Nile Delta, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Ismail Abd-Elaty ◽  
Hala M. Ghanayem ◽  
Martina Zeleňáková ◽  
Peter Mésároš ◽  
Osama K. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Semi Arid

Changes in riverine hydrography and reduced aquifer recharge due to projected climate changes in arid and semi-arid regions are the main issues of water supply, especially in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Continuous degradation results from reduced Nile water flow, poor management of groundwater extraction, and human activities throughout the Nile’s course and drainage channels. Contamination of this water with heavy metals and dissolved organic solids reduces the quality of this water, which increases the price of treatment. River Bank Filtration (RBF) is a water treatment technology used for improving the quality of drinking water taken from polluted rivers where abstraction wells are installed on the banks. This study was applied to the RBF site at Embaba, Nile Delta, Egypt using the numerical code MT3D. The study was simulated and calibrated for the current situation and number of scenarios to investigate the effect of climatic changes on RBF sustainability. Four scenarios were simulated to identify and estimate the RBF portion and the total water travel time from the river to the wells. The first scenario involves a reduction in river stages, the second a decrease in aquifer recharge, the third a combination of the first two scenarios, and the fourth scenario combines scenarios 1, 2, and 3. The results indicate that the RBF portion decreased from 67.42% in the base case to 35.46% and 64.99% with a reduction in river stage by 75% from the base case and a decrease in aquifer recharge from 182.50 (base case) to 50 mm per year, respectively. Moreover, the RBF portion increased to reach 87.75% with a reduction in the General Head Boundary of 75% from the base case, while the combination of the three scenarios decreased the RBF portion to 67.24%. Finally, the water supply systems in arid and semi-arid regions should be extended by installing and operating RBF facilities to manage the negative effects of climatic change through reduction in river stages and aquifer recharge, and increasing abstraction due to overpopulation.

scholarly journals APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR ASIN DESA TARUPA KECAMATAN TAKA BONERATE KABUPATEN SELAYAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Water Taste

Takabonerate  is one of the 23 regencies in South Sulawesi where it is locates at the southern parth of South Sulawesi Province and it is surrounded by flores sea. As maritime regency, its mainland is 1,188.28 km2 (5.23%) and the sea is approximately 21,138.41 km2 (94.68%). It has 126 islands wich consist of small and big islands.  Tarupa village’s   a subdistrict located in a tidy and peat area. The community living in tarupa use surface water of river as the main clean water resource. The surface water is  influenced by the tide of sea water. The surface water taste is very salty (TDS12000ppm). The use of rain water as the second alternative is very limited, i.e it is only in rainy season. To deal with the chronic problem, such as the lack of clean water supply, it needs an appropriate water treatment technology. The suitable water treatment system is a combination of conventional and advanced technology. Desalination, such as Reverse Osmosis must be involved to reduce salinity of the raw water. A complete process includes the pretreatment and advance treatment. The pretreatment are oxidation and some common filtrations. The advance treatment is a molecular filtration using a membran which the principal is reverse osmosis pressure. If the pilot water treatment plant is avalaible in Tarupa in Takabonerate, the clean water supply will not be a serious problem. Generally, it can also play an important role to increase the social level of community in South Sulawesi.. Kata Kunci : Teknologi, pengolahan, air asin, reverse osmosis, air minum.

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