scholarly journals Green energy harvesting from human footsteps

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 11015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Berlian Abadi ◽  
Denny Darlis ◽  
Mas Sarwoko Suraatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Shopping Centre

The need for a sustainable green energy is increasing, while the availability of energy itself is not comparable to the needs. One of the most rapid activities in human life is footstepping. The large amounts of kinetic energy in term of pressure force are generated in every footstep activities at the crosswalk space, lecture building, office, shopping centre or market area. As an alternative energy that still has not been exploited, these human steps can be used to power some low voltage loads. In this study, a tile constructed with some piezoelectric transducers are designed and implemented to generate electrical pulses and harvesting human feet step energies. The piezoelectric transducers used in this study is Lead Zirconate Titanate type. From the pizoelectric floor energy harvester system, a tile consists of 20 pieces parallel connected piezoelectric transducer can produce AC voltage up to 71.20 V. While the average generated voltage is 63.98 V. So the average power is 0.0604 watt/10 footsteps. We conclude that this piezoelectric generator can be generated more power when arranged with some tiles arrangement, so we can harvest this energy efficiently.

scholarly journals Green energy harvesting from human footsteps

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Berlian Abadi ◽  
Denny Darlis ◽  
Mas Sarwoko Suriaatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Shopping Centre

-- This article was presented and submitted on AASEC2018 -- The need for a sustainable green energy is increasing, while the availability of energy itself is not comparable to the needs. One of the most rapid activities in human life is footstepping. The large amounts of kinetic energy in term of pressure force are generated in every footstep activities at the crosswalk space, lecture building, office, shopping centre or market area. As an alternative energy that still has not been exploited, these human steps can be used to power some low voltage loads. In this study, a tile constructed with some piezoelectric transducers are designed and implemented to generate electrical pulses and harvesting human feet step energies. The piezoelectric transducers used in this study is Lead Zirconate Titanate type. From the above system, a tile consists of 20 pieces parallel connected piezoelectric can produce AC voltage up to 71.20 V. While the average generated voltage is 63.98 V. So the average power is 0.0604 watt/10 footsteps. we conclude that this piezoelectric generator can be generated more power when arranged with some tiles arrangement, so we can harvest this energy efficiently.

Energy Harvesting From Pneumatic Tires Using Piezoelectric Transducers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farbod Khameneifar ◽  
Siamak Arzanpour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Mechanical Motion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Optimum Load

The concept of harvesting energy in our surrounding has recently drawn global attention. Harvesting the ambient energy of the deflected tire and convert it to electricity is discussed in this paper. An Elastic pneumatic tire deflects due to the load it carries. This deflection appears as a contact patch to the road surface. Initially, the concept of the tire deflection will be discussed. This deflection is then related to the wasted energy used for deflection. The dependency of this energy to some important parameters such as the tire air pressure, vehicle speed and tire geometry and forces are primarily discussed. To harvest the deflection energy different well established methods are exists. Due to the tire environment, piezoelectric transducers can serve as the best option. Those transducers are traditionally used to produce mechanical motion due to the applied electrical charges. This material is also capable of generating electrical charges by mechanical motion and deflections. For the tire energy harvesting application, the piezoelectric stacks can be mounted inside a tire structure such that electric charge is generated therein as the wheel assembly moves along a ground surface. For this application, lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) is selected. The PZT inside the tire is modeled as a cantilever beam vibration in its first mode of vibration. The frequency of vibration is calculated based on the car speed, tire size, and PZT stack length. A mathematical model for this energy harvesting application is derived. Based on this model, the optimum load of the electrical circuit is also found. Finally the amount of energy harvested from tire using PZT is calculated. Although this energy is not significantly high, it will be enough to provide power for wireless sensors applications.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics at Low and High Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Okayasu ◽  
Masakazu Okawa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Negative Voltage ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Positive Voltage ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The material properties and damage characteristics of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were investigated at various temperatures (–190 °C to 180 °C). A positive voltage was obtained when the sample was cooled from 20 °C to –190 °C, while a negative voltage was obtained when the sample was warmed from –190 °C to 180 °C. The difference between the positive and negative values depended on the thermal stress. Compressive stress generated a more positive voltage in the cooling process, while tensile stress led to a more negative voltage in the warming process). The voltage values also depended on the cooling (or warming) rate of the sample, e.g., the greater the cooling (or warming) rate, the greater the voltage. When cyclic loading was conducted mechanically at –190 °C, the voltage reduced, but it was recovered after warming to 20 °C. Damage of the PZT ceramic (90° domain switching) was detected when the sample was cooled to –190 °C. This was due to the high thermal stress, resulting in a low voltage.

scholarly journals Analysis and Comparison of Macro Fiber Composites and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Discs for an Energy Harvesting Floor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Carlos Quiterio Gómez Muñoz ◽  
Gabriel Zamacola Alcalde ◽  
Fausto Pedro García Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Pressure Cycle ◽  
Low Consumption

The main drawback in many electronic devices is the duration of their batteries. Energy harvesting provides a solution for these low-consumption devices. Piezoelectric energy harvesting use is growing because it collects small amounts of clean energy and transforms it to electricity. Synthetic piezoelectric materials are a feasible alternative to generate energy for low consumption systems. In addition to the energy generation, each pressure cycle in the piezoelectric material can provide information for the device, for example, counting the passage of people. The main contribution of this work is to study, build, and test a low-cost energy harvesting floor using piezoelectric transducers to estimate the amount of energy that could be produced for a connected device. Several piezoelectric transducers have been employed and analyzed, providing accurate results.

scholarly journals A room-temperature electrical field–controlled magnetic memory cell

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2111-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cavaco ◽  
M. van Kampen ◽  
L. Lagae ◽  
G. Borghs
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Uniaxial Anisotropy ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Anisotropy Axis ◽  
Electrical Field

We present a method that allows changing the anisotropy and the magnetic characteristics of piezoelectric–ferromagnetic hybrid structures by electric fields, thereby suppressing the need for external or local magnetic fields. We have investigated the magnetic properties of single Co50Fe50 and CoFe80B20 magnetostrictive thin films as well as of high-quality bottom-pinned spin valves (SV) sputtered on piezoelectric substrates [lead zirconate titanate (PZT)] and patterned in an interdigitated transducer (IDT). Induction of a uniaxial anisotropy axis and the changes on coercivity and switching fields as a function of the applied bias voltage on the IDT are analyzed and interpreted. The down-scalability of this hybrid method supports the possibility of achieving low-power/low-voltage control of the switching fields and shows the feasibility of a hybrid ferroelectric magnetic memory cell.

Micro-Robotic Actuation Units Based on Thin-Film Piezoelectric and High-Aspect Ratio Polymer Structures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchul Shin ◽  
Jongsoo Choi ◽  
Ryan Q. Rudy ◽  
Christopher Kao ◽  
Jeffrey S. Pulskamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Fabrication Procedure

A fabrication procedure is presented for creating microactuation elements that link piezoelectric thin-films with high-aspect ratio parylene microstructures. Resulting actuators permit relatively large rotational motions for low voltage operation, while maintaining large weight-bearing capacity. Actuator fabrication is performed on a silicon wafer though a combination of metal and thin-film lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) deposition and patterning, parylene refill of high-aspect ratio trenches, and dry release of moving parts from the silicon substrate. Static and dynamic responses of various test structures are measured, to estimate material properties of the integrated PZT-polymer structures, for use in future actuator modeling and optimization.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the polarisation state of embedded piezoelectric transducers by thermal waves and thermal pulses

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Eydam ◽  
Gunnar Suchaneck ◽  
Gerald Gerlach
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Pyroelectric Current ◽  
Numerical Finite Element ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Thermal Pulses ◽  
Pyroelectric Response

Abstract. In this work, we apply the thermal wave method and the thermal pulse method for non-destructive characterisation of the polarisation state of embedded piezoelectric transducers. Heating the sample with a square-wave modulated laser beam or a single laser pulse leads to a pyroelectric current recorded in the frequency or time domain, respectively. It carries information about the polarisation state. Analytical and numerical finite element models describe the pyroelectric response of the piezoceramic. Modelling and experimental results are compared for a simple lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) plate, a low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)/PZT sensor and actuator, and a macro-fibre composite (MFC) actuator.

Ultra-low voltage ferroelectric electron emission from lead zirconate titanate thin films with nanostructured top electrodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 014104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Becherer ◽  
O. Mieth ◽  
V. S. Vidyarthi ◽  
G. Gerlach ◽  
L. M. Eng
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

scholarly journals Micro Grid Operation Cost Reduction Using Particle Swarm Optimizer and Eagle Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3090-3096
Author(s):  
M. Gnanaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimizer ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
Eagle Strategy

As a result of rapid financial development and natural disasters, energy efficiency research, and high-quality electricity alternative energy options, as well as efficient electricity sources. In particular, the use of green energy sources has become a hot issue; As a result, distributed electricity supply in the micro grid is the basis for the achievement of the vital objectives of successfully providing the customer with currency and stability. The article proposes a hybrid metaheuristic approach based on the Eagle strategy Technique (ES) and Particular Swarm Optimizing (PSO) Technology, which will minimize low-voltage running costs from a renewable energy source such as an electricity generator, solar panels, wind generators, micro turbines and fuel cells. The cost optimization problem is set up as a nonlinearly constrained problem. In order to maximize distributed generation, a mathematical problem must be solved. The proposed hybrid solution is evaluated on low-voltage micro grids, and its optimal performance is compared to that of other hybrid approaches and variety of other metaheuristic techniques

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Sensing and Actuation in Laminate Structures Using Bondline-Embedded d35 Piezoelectric Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Altammar ◽  
Anoop Dhingra ◽  
Nathan Salowitz
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Laminate Structure ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Multiple Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensing

Ultrasonic systems employing embedded piezoelectric transducers have seen increased interest in recent years. The ability to sense, actuate, and analyze the wave propagation modes in engineering structures has been fundamental to the advancement of ultrasonic structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper presents a study into the sensing and actuation properties of shear-mode (d35) piezoelectric transducers made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) that are internally embedded in the bondline of laminate structures. The manuscript presents analytical analysis, finite element simulation, and experimental validation building from an individual piezoelectric element to a full laminate structure. The validated model was then used to perform a parametric study into the effects of d35 PZT transducer size on the strength of actuation and sensing output signal. The selectivity of d35 PZT sensors was also investigated by generating multiple wave modes in the laminate structure and inspecting the output signals. The d35 PZT sensors were found to selectively detect only certain modes of the wave propagation providing a fundamental hardware filter that could be employed to simplify signal analysis and processing. The results of this study indicate that d35 PZTs embedded in the bondline have multiple properties that can potentially be employed for ultrasonic SHM.

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