Material Properties and Shrinkage of 3D Printing Parts using Ultrafuse Stainless Steel 316LX Filament

As a novel manufacturing methodology, 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) attracts much more attentions for complex structure fabrication, especially for manufacturing metal parts. A number of metal AM processes have been studied and commercialized. However, most of them are costly and less accessible. This paper introduces a material extrusion based 3D printing process for making austenitic stainless steel 316L part using a metal-polymer composite filament (Ultrafuse 316LX). The stainless steel 316L metal specimens are printed by a commonly used 3D printer loaded with Ultrafuse filament, followed by an industry standard debinding and sintering process. Tests are performed to understand the material properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, and microstructural characteristics, of the stainless steel 316L material. In addition, an artifact model is designed to estimate the part shrinkage after the debinding and sintering process. It is found that the stainless steel 316L part exhibits apparent shrinkage after sintering. But using the Ultrafuse filament for 3D printing could be an alternative way of making metal AM parts.

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3d printing of stainless steel 316L and its weldability for corrosive environments

Materials Science and Engineering A ◽

10.1016/j.msea.2021.142439 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 142439

Author(s):

Venkata Krishnan Sampath ◽

Praveen Silori ◽

Parth Paradkar ◽

Stanislau Niauzorau ◽

Aliaksandr Sharstniou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

3D Printing ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Corrosive Environments

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Turning Research of Additive Laser Molten Stainless Steel 316L Obtained by 3D Printing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12010182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 182 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Grzegorz Struzikiewicz ◽

Wojciech Zębala ◽

Andrzej Matras ◽

Magdalena Machno ◽

Łukasz Ślusarczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

3D Printing ◽

Machining Process ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Test Results ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

316L Steel ◽

Cutting Zone ◽

Steel Turning

This paper presents the characteristic of 316L steel turning obtained by 3D printing. The analysis of the influence of turning data on the components of the total cutting force, surface roughness and the maximum temperature values in the cutting zone are presented. The form of chips obtained in the machining process was also analyzed. Statistical analysis of the test results was developed using the Taguchi method.

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Analysis of dilatometry data of the stainless steel 316L bimodal powder sintering process

10.1063/1.5083495 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolay Rodkevich ◽

Elena Glazkova ◽

Aleksandr Pervikov ◽

Marat Lerner ◽

Sergey Kazantsev

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Powder Sintering

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Optimization of Hybrid Ink Formulation and IPL Sintering Process for Ink-Jet 3D Printing

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11051295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1295

Author(s):

Jae-Young Lee ◽

Cheong-Soo Choi ◽

Kwang-Taek Hwang ◽

Kyu-Sung Han ◽

Jin-Ho Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Conductive Layer ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Insulation Layer ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Ink Jet ◽

Multiple Materials

Ink-jet 3D printing technology facilitates the use of various materials of ink on each ink-jet head and simultaneous printing of multiple materials. It is suitable for manufacturing to process a complex multifunctional structure such as sensors and printed circuit boards. In this study, a complex structure of a SiO2 insulation layer and a conductive Cu layer was fabricated with photo-curable nano SiO2 ink and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)-sinterable Cu nano ink using multi-material ink-jet 3D printing technology. A precise photo-cured SiO2 insulation layer was designed by optimizing the operating conditions and the ink rheological properties, and the resistance of the insulation layer was 2.43 × 1013 Ω·cm. On the photo-cured SiO2 insulation layer, a Cu conductive layer was printed by controlling droplet distance. The sintering of the IPL-sinterable nano Cu ink was performed using an IPL sintering process, and electrical and mechanical properties were confirmed according to the annealing temperature and applied voltage. Then, Cu conductive layer was annealed at 100 °C to remove the solvent, and IPL sintered at 700 V. The Cu conductive layer of the complex structure had an electrical property of 29 µΩ·cm and an adhesive property with SiO2 insulation layer of 5B.

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Comprehensive View of Topological Optimization Scooter Frame Design and Manufacturing

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13071201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1201

Author(s):

Jakub Mesicek ◽

Lukas Jancar ◽

Quoc-Phu Ma ◽

Jiri Hajnys ◽

Tomasz Tanski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Topology Optimization ◽

3D Printing ◽

Selective Laser Melting ◽

Topological Optimization ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Frame Design ◽

Design And Manufacturing

The combination of topology optimization (TO) and 3D printing has revolutionized the way components are designed and fabricated. In view of this, this manuscript presents a TO workflow considering the frame of a scooter. In particular, TO is employed to redesign the scooter frame based on a commercial one. The topologically optimized frame is then fabricated with stainless steel 316L utilizing the selective laser melting (SLM) method. In particular, technical obstacles encountered during the process and according solutions are recorded. Given the herein notes, readers who are working with the two technologies can anticipate the technical problems and deliver more effective solutions should any of them arise.

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Increasing the Productivity of Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Stainless Steel 316L through Increased Layer Thickness

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ◽

10.1007/s11665-020-05334-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Leicht ◽

Marie Fischer ◽

Uta Klement ◽

Lars Nyborg ◽

Eduard Hryha

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽

Powder Layer ◽

Powder Bed Fusion ◽

Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Powder Bed ◽

Backscatter Diffraction ◽

Am Processes

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is able to generate parts of a quality comparable to those produced through conventional manufacturing, but most of the AM processes are associated with low build speeds, which reduce the overall productivity. This paper evaluates how increasing the powder layer thickness from 20 µm to 80 µm affects the build speed, microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 316L parts that are produced using laser powder bed fusion. A detailed microstructure characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and x-ray powder diffraction in conjunction with tensile testing. The results suggest that parts can be fabricated four times faster with tensile strengths comparable to those obtained using standard process parameters. In either case, nominal relative density of > 99.9% is obtained but with the 80 µm layer thickness presenting some lack of fusion defects, which resulted in a reduced elongation to fracture. Still, acceptable yield strength and ultimate tensile strength values of 464 MPa and 605 MPa were obtained, and the average elongation to fracture was 44%, indicating that desirable properties can be achieved.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel coated multi walled carbon nanotube reinforced stainless steel 316L matrix composites by laser sintering process

10.1063/1.5029674 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

P. Mahanthesha ◽

G. C. Mohankumar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Laser Sintering ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube

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WEAR AND CORROSION ANALYSIS ON MARAGING STEEL MS1 AND STAINLESS STEEL 316L DEVELOPED BY DIRECT METAL LASER SINTERING PROCESS

Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies ◽

10.1080/2374068x.2021.1930797 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

K. V. Durga Buddi ◽

Abdul Munaf Rajesh ◽

Tanya Shaik

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Maraging Steel ◽

Laser Sintering ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Wear And Corrosion

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Additively Manufactured Full-Density Stainless Steel 316L With Binder Jet Printing

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2018-6681 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Truong Do ◽

Tyler J. Bauder ◽

Hawke Suen ◽

Kristian Rego ◽

Junghoon Yeom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

3D Printing ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Full Density ◽

Binder Phase ◽

Stainless Steel 316L ◽

Mixture Ratio ◽

Sintering Additives ◽

Jet Printing ◽

Metal 3D Printing

Binder jet printing (BJP), one of the early metal 3D printing technologies, has distinct advantages over the other 3D printing processes that employ locally melting or welding to build 3D parts. Some of the advantages of BJP include printed parts free of residual stresses, build plate not being required, and less powder usage. However, the BJP technology has been adopted only in limited applications such as prototyping and sand molding because of its difficulty in achieving full-density parts. Based on our previous work on stainless steel (SS) 420, the same BJP protocol was used to attain full-density parts made of SS 316L. The effect of the particle size, mixture ratio, and sintering additives on the densities of printed and sintered parts is investigated for SS 316L powder. Three distinct sizes of SS 316L powders are mixed to improve the packing density. A systematic study of the binder burn-out procedure is conducted using thermogravimetric analysis, leading to a complete removal of binder phase without oxidizing SS 316L powder. The optimal sintering condition for some powder mixtures is determined to obtain the maximum density with the addition of small amounts of boron compounds as sintering additives. The quality of the fully-sintered SS 316L parts is evaluated using the various measurements including density, microstructure, hardness, and surface roughness. As we did with SS 420, the relative density of 99.6% is obtained for SS 316L without structural distortion. This is the first demonstration of such density for SS 316L using the BJP technology without any infiltration.

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