scholarly journals Calculation Model of Preposition Distance of Electronic Toll Collection Signs Based on Lane Changing Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Changjian Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jinhang Ma ◽  
Jie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Toll Station ◽  
Reading Distance

ETC and MTC lanes of China’s hybrid toll stations have various setting modes. When the vehicles passed through the toll stations, they would face a more complicated lane change process. If the ETC sign was set in the appropriate position in advance, the traffic safety in front of the toll stations would be effectively improved. The paper analyzed the process of lane change in 18 scenes by taking one-way three-lane highway at the upstream of toll station with six lanes as an example. Based on the definition of driver’s reaction distance, reading distance and safe distance of action, the theoretical calculation model of ETC sign preposition distance was established. It revealed the functional relationship between ETC lane layout schemes and sign preposition distance, and explored the reasonable setting position of the ETC sign in the full scenes of the lane layout. Finally, a case study of Nanjing toll station on Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway was carried out.

scholarly journals Safety Improvements by Converting a Standard Roundabout with Unbalanced Flow Distribution into an Egg Turbo Roundabout: Simulation Approach to a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gallelli ◽  
Rosolino Vaiana
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level

In 2011, the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) developed a Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020. Among the categories or “pillars” of activities, is the improvement of road safety for infrastructures. Furthermore, this plan is aligned by the UN Sustainable Development Goals that included even traffic safety. In this regard, this study estimates safety improvements achieved by converting a standard roundabout into an egg turbo roundabout. In particular, turbo roundabouts have become very popular in Northern Europe for both their safety and their capacity. Many studies have shown these advantages thanks to their features: preventive separation of entering flows, limited lane changing and low speeds due to curbs. Given the absence of existing turbo roundabouts in Italy, this research studied and compared a “virtual” roundabout with spiraling circular carriageways to an existing multi-lane roundabout in order to assess its significant reduction in terms of potential collisions. This study relied on traffic conflicts in micro-simulation by using VISSIM software and then Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). The research is based on the traffic process observed at a standard roundabout in Cosenza (Italy) marked by a high level of congestion and safety problems. Speeds, critical gaps, queue lengths, and floating car data, obtained from video observations, have been used as input data for the calibration procedure of the first scenario (case study roundabout). Then, the turbo roundabout solution was built and simulated by using the previously derived parameters. Finally, the two roundabout scenarios were compared in terms of spatial distribution of the potential conflicts determined by SSAM. The results could help to measure the performance and safety impact of these two roundabout configurations.

Research on Calculation Model of Minimum Net Distance between Interchanges on Eight-Lane Expressway

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Hong Pan ◽  
Ling Chen Kong
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Change Operation ◽  
Traffic Operation ◽  
Gap Acceptance Theory ◽  
Operation Characteristics

According to traffic operation characteristics and lane changing maneuvers, combining with the export notice signs and considering the worst driving conditions, the gap acceptance theory and kinematics are employed to establish the length of lane change operation between interchanges with probability theory. To operating speed as the premise, the necessary length that drivers change to the inside lane from the nearside lane is analyzed in terms of waiting for the gap acceptance, and the necessary length that drivers change to the nearside lane from the inside lane is also analyzed in terms of running for the gap acceptance, then calculation model of minimum net distance between interchanges on eight-lane expressway is constructed. The recommended value is then put forward.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Analysis of the Effect of Significant Traffic Parameters on Lane Changing for Driving Logic “Cautious” on a Freeway

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5976
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq ◽  
Janos Juhasz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
On The Road ◽  
High Traffic Volume

Lane changing of traffic flow is a complicated and significsant behavior for traffic safety on the road. Frequent lane changing can cause serious traffic safety issues, particularly on a two-lane road section of a freeway. This study aimed to analyze the effect of significant traffic parameters for traffic safety on lane change frequency using the studied calibrated values for driving logic “conscious” in VISSIM. Video-recorded traffic data were utilized to calibrate the model under specified traffic conditions, and the relationship between observed variables were estimated using simulation plots. The results revealed that changes in average desired speed and traffic volume had a positive relationship with lane change frequency. In addition, lane change frequency was observed to be higher when the speed distribution was set large. 3D surface plots were also developed to show the integrated effect of specified traffic parameters on lane change frequency. Results showed that high average desired speed and large desired speed distribution coupled with high traffic volume increased the lane change frequency tremendously. The study also attempted to develop a regression model to quantify the effect of the observed parameters on lane change frequency. The regression model results showed that desired speed distribution had the highest effect on lane change frequency compared to other traffic parameters. The findings of the current study highlight the most significant traffic parameters that influence the lane change frequency.

MODELING AND DEVELOPING REAL-TIME CONCURRENT APPLICATIONS

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 427-446
Author(s):  
GIORGIO BRUNO ◽  
RAKESH AGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Engineering Environment ◽  
Concurrent Processes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Concurrent Applications

The development of concurrent applications, which consist of several parallel, often distributed, activities that communicate and synchronize with each other, presents challenging logical and technological issues. In the common practice, technological aspects, which are related to the definition of concurrent processes as well as of their interactions, often place constraints on the logical ones. Consequently, the flexibility that could be attained during design is reduced and, further, an actual implementation where both aspects are deeply intermixed is usually obtained. This paper first presents an expressive and flexible language based on object-oriented high-level nets, which allows designers to naturally represent concurrency and synchronization. Then, it illustrates a powerful software engineering environment, CAB (Concurrent Applications Builder), which supports the building and the simulation/animation of models as well as the automatic generation of applications from models (by transforming the model’s objects into implementation processes). A case study from an actual project for automatic toll collection in motor-ways is illustrated.

scholarly journals Bifurcation of Lane Change and Control on Highway for Tractor-Semitrailer under Rainy Weather

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Peng ◽  
Zhiwei Guan ◽  
Ronghui Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Dong ◽  
Kening Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Matrix Eigenvalues ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
And Control

A new method is proposed for analyzing the nonlinear dynamics and stability in lane changes on highways for tractor-semitrailer under rainy weather. Unlike most of the literature associated with a simulated linear dynamic model for tractor-semitrailers steady steering on dry road, a verified 5DOF mechanical model with nonlinear tire based on vehicle test was used in the lane change simulation on low adhesion coefficient road. According to Jacobian matrix eigenvalues of the vehicle model, bifurcations of steady steering and sinusoidal steering on highways under rainy weather were investigated using a numerical method. Furthermore, based on feedback linearization theory, taking the tractor yaw rate and joint angle as control objects, a feedback linearization controller combined with AFS and DYC was established. The numerical simulation results reveal that Hopf bifurcations are identified in steady and sinusoidal steering conditions, which translate into an oscillatory behavior leading to instability. And simulations of urgent step and single-lane change in high velocity show that the designed controller has good effects on eliminating bifurcations and improving lateral stability of tractor-semitrailer, during lane changing on highway under rainy weather. It is a valuable reference for safety design of tractor-semitrailers to improve the traffic safety with driver-vehicle-road closed-loop system.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Through Microfinance - A Case of Rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Saida Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Women’s empowerment has been at the centre of research focus for many decades. Extant literature examined the process, outcome and various challenges. Some claimed substantial success, while others contradicted with evidence of failure. But the success remains a matter of debate due to lack of empirical evidence of actual empowerment of women around the world. The current study aimed to address this gap by taking a case study method. The study critically evaluates 20 cases carefully sampled to include representatives from the entire country of Bangladesh. The study demonstrates popular beliefs about microfinance often misguide even the borrowers and they start living in a fabricated feeling of empowerment, facing real challenges to achieve true empowerment in their lives. The impact of this finding is twofold; firstly there is a theoretical contribution, where the definition of women’s empowerment is proposed to be revisited considering findings from these cases. And lastly, the policy makers at governmental and non-governmental organisations, and multinational donor agencies need to revise their assessment tools for funding.

The Rapid Iterative Test and Evaluation Method (RITE)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Medlock
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Original Case ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter begins with a discussion of the philosophy and then definition of the RITE method. It then delves into the benefits of this method and provides practical notes on running RITE tests effectively. The chapter concludes with an overview of the original case study behind the 2002 article documenting this method.

Poe and His Global Advocates

2018 ◽  
pp. 596-617
Author(s):  
Emron Esplin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global Reputation

This essay explores Edgar Allan Poe’s extraordinary relationships with various literary traditions across the globe, posits that Poe is the most influential US writer on the global literary scene, and argues that Poe’s current global reputation relies at least as much on the radiance of the work of Poe’s literary advocates—many of whom are literary stars in their own right—as it does on the brilliance of Poe’s original works. The article briefly examines Poe’s most famous French advocates (Baudelaire, Mallarmé, Valéry); glosses the work of his advocates throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas; and offers a concise case study of Poe’s influence on and advocacy from three twentieth-century writers from the Río de la Plata region of South America (Quiroga, Borges, and Cortázar). The essay concludes by reading the relationships between Poe and his advocates through the ancient definition of astral or stellar influence.

Hidden Markov Model of Lane-Changing-Based Car-Following Behavior on Freeways using Naturalistic Driving Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199938
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Laurence Rilett ◽  
Mm Shakiul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Naturalistic Driving

This paper develops a methodology for simultaneously modeling lane-changing and car-following behavior of automated vehicles on freeways. Naturalistic driving data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) program are used. First, a framework to process the SPMD data is proposed using various data analytics techniques including data fusion, data mining, and machine learning. Second, pairs of automated host vehicle and their corresponding front vehicle are identified along with their lane-change and car-following relationship data. Using these data, a lane-changing-based car-following (LCCF) model, which explicitly considers lane-change and car-following behavior simultaneously, is developed. The LCCF model is based on Gaussian-mixture-based hidden Markov model theory and is disaggregated into two processes: LCCF association and LCCF dissociation. These categories are based on the result of the lane change. The overall goal is to predict a driver’s lane-change intention using the LCCF model. Results show that the model can predict the lane-change event in the order of 0.6 to 1.3 s before the moment of the vehicle body across the lane boundary. In addition, the execution times of lane-change maneuvers average between 0.55 and 0.86 s. The LCCF model allows the intention time and execution time of driver’s lane-change behavior to be forecast, which will help to develop better advanced driver assistance systems for vehicle controls with respect to lane-change and car-following warning functions.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Stakeholder Awareness: A Case Study of a Scottish University

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4186
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem Raji ◽  
Abeer Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Theory ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

This paper adopted a case study approach to investigate the sustainability practices of a Scottish university in order to understand if sustainability forms part of its central policy agenda. As such, the paper focuses on the levels of awareness and disclosure of their sustainable practices, measuring the impacts and effectiveness of those initiatives. This paper introduces signaling theory to explore the idea that appropriate communication via integrated thinking can close the gap between the organization and its stakeholders. We believe that the provision of this relevant information will lead to better communication between the organization and its stakeholders, supporting a signaling theory interpretation. Therefore, we are suggesting that integrated thinking is an internal process that organizations can follow to increase the level of disclosure as a communication tool with stakeholders. From the literature reviewed, four themes were identified (definition of university sustainability, sustainability awareness, disclosure framework within universities, and level of accountability). The research adopted a pragmatic view and conducted individual interviews with participants belonging to three stakeholder groups (members of the university’s senior management, the governing council, and the student union executive). Although this study focused on just one Scottish university, it should still provide some insight for the better understanding of the underpinning issues surrounding the sustainability accountability practices of Scottish universities in general. The research findings indicated that the university prioritized only two sustainability dimensions—economic and environmental—and that the university still perceived sustainability as a voluntary exercise. Additionally, it is evident that the university had no framework in place for measuring its sustainability delivery—and therefore had no established medium of communicating these activities to its stakeholders. Moreover, research findings showed that the social and educational context of sustainability was lacking at the university. The university has done little or nothing to educate its stakeholders on sustainability.

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