scholarly journals Use of Solar Panels in the Design of Small CubeSat Spacecraft

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Selivanov ◽  
Igor A. Vasiliev ◽  
Arina A. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Latent Defects ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Onboard Equipment ◽  
Improve Reliability

The article discusses organization of power supply for small spacecraft of CubeSat type. Various methods of power supply of CubeSat onboard equipment are worked out. The use of solar panels (SP) for power supply of CubeSat is proposed. The developed technology for the production of solar arrays of the required size from solar panels has been demonstrated. The organization of incoming control of solar panels to improve reliability and achieve maximum efficiency of produced solar panels is considered. A developed stand for diagnostics of solar cells, which allows detecting latent defects, is presented. The issue of determining power characteristics of the developed solar panels and the necessary optimal load for their maximum efficiency is discussed. The installation of solar panels on the CubeSat aircraft is described. The efficiency of solar panels is tested in space by launching CubeSat on a stratospheric probe. The parameters of the aircraft current supply and current generation by solar panels obtained as a result of the experiment are collected and processed, the results are presented in the article in the form of graphs. On basis of the data obtained, effectiveness of the use of solar panels on small aircraft of the CubeSat type is shown.

scholarly journals Analysis and Synthesis of Control Systems for Spacecraft Solar Arrays

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Anatoly K. Tishchenko ◽  
Eugeny M. Vasiljev ◽  
Artyom O. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Reliable Power Supply

The paper is devoted to the problem of creating highly reliable power supply systems for spacecrafts intended for long-term autonomous flights. Within its framework, the problem of synthesizing a control system for solar arrays is being solved. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of a solar panel was compiled, and a study of its static and dynamic characteristics was carried out. It was found that when the solar panel is controlled using a shunt switch with pulse-width modulation, resonance phenomena appear in the system, leading to an unacceptable change in the polarity of voltages on the photocells. The operating conditions of the solar panels, which exclude the occurrence of the indicated alternating voltages, are found, and appropriate recommendations are given for the choice of the quantization frequency in the system. On the basis of the recommendations received, the transition to a quasi-continuous representation of the control system was carried out, and a graphic-analytical synthesis of the controller providing the required quality indicators of the system was carried out. To ensure the survivability of the power supply system, a method is proposed for the hierarchical organization of the interaction of solar panels, which reproduces the homeostatic properties of biological structures in the system. This property is provided by automatic transfer of control to subsequent levels of the hierarchy as the energy resources of the previous levels are exhausted. In addition, selective control is applied only to that part of the total generated power, which is sufficient to counter the current disturbing influences on the system. This approach to control prevents cascading failures in the system. The paper presents simulation models on which all theoretical positions and methods proposed in the work are tested.

Justification for Unscheduled Maintenance of Solar Panels Used as a Power Supply for Sprinkler Machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Bakirov ◽  
Sergey S. Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Modern Level

The modern level of agriculture is described by the introduction of renewable energy sources. New generation sprinkler machines are being put into production, in the power system of which solar panels are used. One of the factors that negatively affect the performance of solar cells in an open field is their dusting, which is formed as a result of dust storms and wind. Cleaning of the battery panels is carried out in various ways: manual, semi-automatic and automatic. Dust cleaning is included in maintenance. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the conditions for performing the maintenance, which consists in cleaning solar panels in the field. (Materials and methods) Theoretical (analysis, hypothesis design), empirical (observation, testing), experimental (ascertaining experiment) methods has been used during research. (Results and discussion) The article describes an introduced parameter for estimating the level of dusting. The power loss indicator shows the ratio of the power of the dusted module to the power of the clean module. Unscheduled maintenance is affected by the distance of the solar module from the repair point, the power of the solar module, the loss from dusting, the frequency of maintenance and cost indicators. (Conclusions) It has been found the dependence of maintenance period of the solar module of the sprinkler machine on the distance to the sprinkler machine, to the point of maintenance and repair, the power loss coefficient in case of dusting of the solar module, the cost of performing maintenance, as well as the frequency of maintenance. Article describes the boundaries of the choice of operating mode of the sprinkler between unscheduled maintenance for cleaning the solar module and the acceptance of additional power of the sprinkler power supply system according to the criterion of minimum operating costs.

scholarly journals The use of energy routers to improve reliability of power supply to non-traction consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1100 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Yu N Bulatov ◽  
A V Kryukov ◽  
A E Kryukov ◽  
A V Cherepanov
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Improve Reliability

Study of power transformer loading in rural power supply systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
I. V. Naumov ◽  
D. N. Karamov ◽  
A. N. Tretyakov ◽  
M. A. Yakupova ◽  
E. S. Fedorinovа
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Supply Systems

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of loading power transformers (PT) in their continuous use on their energy efficiency on a real-life example of existing rural electric networks. It is noted that the vast majority of PT in rural areas have a very low load factor, which leads to an increase in specific losses of electric energy when this is transmitted to various consumers. It is planned to optimize the existing synchronized power supply systems in rural areas by creating new power supply projects in such a way as to integrate existing power sources and ensure the most efficient loading of power transformers for the subsequent transfer of these systems to isolated ones that receive power from distributed generation facilities. As an example, we use data from an electric grid company on loading power transformers in one of the districts of the Irkutsk region. Issues related to the determination of electric energy losses in rural PT at different numerical values of their load factors are considered. A computing device was developed using modern programming tools in the MATLAB system, which has been used to calculate and plot the dependence of power losses in transformers of various capacities on the actual and recommended load factors, as well as the dependence of specific losses during the transit of 1 kVA of power through a power transformer at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors. The analysis of specific losses of electric energy at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors of PT is made. Based on the analysis, the intervals of optimal load factors for different rated power of PT of rural distribution electric networks are proposed. It is noted that to increase the energy efficiency of PT, it is necessary to reduce idling losses by increasing the load of these transformers, which can be achieved by reducing the number of transformers while changing the configuration of 0.38 kV distribution networks.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic solar power for a wastewater electrocoagulation prototype

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Cantera-Cantera ◽  
Andrés Calvillo-Téllez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Supply Line ◽  
A Current

A photovoltaic solar power supply is presented; it supplies energy to the electrodes of a wastewater treatment prototype by electrocoagulation. The source will be able to supply three voltages levels 10, 20, and 30 volts, with a current of 1000 mA. The system consists of an array of solar panels and Nickel Metal batteries. The amount of energy to be supplied by the solar panels is estimated, the level of storage in batteries is calculated and fed to the electrocoagulation system. The results of an experiment that operates independently of the power supply line and that works in rural areas are presented.

Developing methods for taking into account the radiation coming from Earth in simulations of incoming electric power on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station in experiment Albedo

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Dmitriy N. RULEV
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
International Space ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Array Performance

The paper describes the implementation of space experiment Albedo, which provided a framework for developing methods of taking into account the radiation emitted by the system «atmosphere–underlying terrain» in simulations of the operation of the power supply system of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. As a result of the implementation of the space experiment a procedure was developed for determining and using characteristics of radiation coming from Earth in the simulation of a space station power supply system, including procedures and special software for determining solar array performance and simulating power input coming from solar arrays taking into account Earth albedo, as well as recommendations are given for the control modes of power supply systems of orbital spacecraft. As a result of testing computational schemes for evaluating the solar array performance and simulating electric power output that takes into account the Earth albedo, substantiated values were obtained for the proposed reference parameter for evaluating the performance of solar arrays of the Service Module of the International Space Station. Key words: Russian Segment of the International Space Station, solar arrays, electric power input, solar array performance estimate, radiation coming from Earth, albedo.

Power Forecasting from Solar Panels Using Artificial Neural Network in UTHM Parit Raja

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Munirah Mohd Fahmi ◽  
◽  
Nor Aira Zambri ◽  
Norhafiz Salim ◽  
Sim Sy Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

This paper presents a step-by-step procedure for the simulation of photovoltaic modules with numerical values, using MALTAB/Simulink software. The proposed model is developed based on the mathematical model of PV module, which based on PV solar cell employing one-diode equivalent circuit. The output current and power characteristics curves highly depend on some climatic factors such as radiation and temperature, are obtained by simulation of the selected module. The collected data are used in developing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) are the techniques used to forecast the outputs of the PV. Various types of activation function will be applied such as Linear, Logistic Sigmoid, Hyperbolic Tangent Sigmoid and Gaussian. The simulation results show that the Logistic Sigmoid is the best technique which produce minimal root mean square error for the system.

scholarly journals Assessment of Existing Photovoltaic System with Cooling and Cleaning System: Case Study at Al-Khobar City

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Nader ◽  
Wael Al-Kouz ◽  
Sameer Al-Dahidi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
The Cost

There is no denial that renewable energy is considered to be the most cost-competitive source of clean power in many parts of the world. Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 aims at achieving the best by using different sources of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, and others. The use of solar energy in particular for power generation will decrease the dependency on oil, and thus, decrease the greenhouse gasses. Solar panels efficiency tends to decrease with the accumulation of dust on their surface. Thus, a cleaning process requires assigning and employing labor, which increases the cost of running as well as high cost of machinery. The current study focuses on assessing and designing a simple auto self-cleaning system in order to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. The results showed that for the Al-Khobar region, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the efficiency of the solar panels after cleaning was increased from 6% to an average of 12% at nominal temperature of 27 °C. In addition, the average power output was increased by 35% during the day time. In addition, the normal efficiency of the solar panels before cooling was between 10% to 15% at 42 °C. After cooling, the temperature of solar cells decreased to 20 °C and the efficiency increased by 7%. Moreover, the output power was increased by 31% with maximum efficiency of 32% at noon time.

scholarly journals The efficiency of use of energy saving technologies in construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 03003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Trukhina ◽  
Ella Okolelova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Solar Battery ◽  
Efficiency Increase

The article considers problems and prospects of development of energy saving technologies in construction. The possible directions of improving the construction of residential facilities with the aim of increasing their efficiency are considered, taking into account different technologies. The main emphasis is on the use of solar panels as one of the most effective ways of saving resources. The maximum level of heliotropia for the Central black earth region is determined. To increase the efficiency of the solar battery it is proposed to develop a rotary device that allows you to change the angle of the battery in the vertical and horizontal planes. The dynamics of rotation in the horizontal plane should depend on the time of day, in the horizontal – season. The article presents the problem of determining the speed of rotation of the solar battery in the direction of the solar azimuth and relative to the horizon during the day, allowing you to use a slewing device with maximum efficiency. Increase efficiency when using the rotary mechanism will reduce the number of solar batteries with the same capacity of electricity consumption. Also the problem of determining the optimal number of solar panels.

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