Effect of the simultaneous Ti and W addition on the microstructure and wear behavior of a high chromium white cast iron

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Vapeani Guerra ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde ◽  
Jorge Zuno-Silva ◽  
Ignacio Mejia ◽  
Edgar Cardoso-Legorreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bulk Hardness ◽  
Primary Carbides

The present work analyzes the effect of 0.7%Ti and 1.7%W addition to a 17% chromium white iron in as-cast condition and after destabilization heat treatment. These alloys are commonly used in applications where a high abrasive wear resistance is required. For this reason, in addition to the characterization, a complementary wear test was performed. The alloys were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The simultaneous Ti and W addition promoted the (Ti,W)C primary carbides formation which grow in the early stages of solidification. These carbides were found well distributed in the iron matrix with an average hardness value of 2450 HV. Moreover, tungsten was found partially distributed in the different phases increasing the microhardness by solid solution and refining the eutectic carbide. These microstructural modifications resulted in the increase of the bulk hardness and abrasive wear resistance of the alloyed iron. After destabilization heat treatment, the carbide precipitation and the matrix transformation produced a secondary hardening reducing the wear losses. Based in the results of the present study, the simultaneous addition of these elements to promote the (Ti,W)C carbide formation during solidification represents an effective method to increase the hardness and wear resistance of these kind of alloys via small additions.

scholarly journals Niobium Additions to a 15%Cr–3%C White Iron and Its Effects on the Microstructure and on Abrasive Wear Behavior

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde ◽  
Francisco Guerra ◽  
Ignacio Mejia ◽  
Uzzi Vera
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
White Iron ◽  
Bulk Hardness ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Cast Alloys

From the present study, niobium additions of 1.79% and 3.98% were added to a 15% Cr–3% C white iron, and their effects on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analyzed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand molds to obtain bars of 45 mm diameter. The alloys were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900 °C for 30 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under three loads (58, 75 and 93 N). The results show that niobium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming niobium carbides at the beginning of the solidification process; thus decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 24% for the iron with 3.98% Nb. However, the overall carbide content was constant at 30%; bulk hardness changed from 48 to 55 hardness Rockwell C (HRC) and the wear resistance was found to have an interesting behavior. At the lowest load, wear resistance for the base iron was 50% lower than that for the 3.98% Nb iron, which is attributed to the presence of hard NbC. However, at the highest load, the wear behavior was quite similar for all the irons, and it was attributed to a severe carbide cracking phenomenon, particularly in the as-cast alloys. After the destabilization heat treatment, the wear resistance was higher for the 3.98% Nb iron at any load; however, at the highest load, not much difference in wear resistance was observed. Such a behavior is discussed in terms of the carbide volume fraction (CVF), the amount of niobium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DEEP CRYOGENIC TREATMENT AT ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE IN ASTM 743 CA6NM

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
A. F. Hernandez ◽  
C. R. M. Silva ◽  
J. A. Araujo ◽  
J. D. B. De Mello
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
The Matrix

The Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) has been used for improvement of steel mechanical properties, basically the abrasive wear resistance. At this work the cryogenic treatment at -190oC for 20 hours was applied, after conventional heat treatment, to improve its abrasive wear resistance. The specimens, divided in two groups, had been austenitized for forty five minutes at 965oC and 1065oC, respectively, then quenched in oil at room temperature. Afterwards they were tempered at 565oC for 90 minutes, and then cooled in air. Subsequently some samples were treated cryogenically, and some of them were submitted to a new cycle of tempering at 565oC for 90 minutes. The performed experiment included: hardness brinell, Xraydifratometry, metallography and micro-abrasive wear test. Variations in the microstructure with an improvement in the abrasive wear coefficient were found. These variations are probably a positive effect of the DCT on the samples microstructure. The microstructure were transformed from blocks of parallel lath martensite to small parallel or almost parallel packages of fine needles forming austenite. Traces of previous or retained austenite were found delimiting the grains. It is presumed that micro-carbide homogeneously distributed in the matrix and in the grain´s contours of the retained austenite was formed.

Vanadium Additions to a High-Cr White Iron and its Effects on the Abrasive Wear Behavior.

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (59-60) ◽  
pp. 3077-3089
Author(s):  
Alexeis Sánchez ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde ◽  
Francisco V. Guerra ◽  
I. Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
White Iron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bulk Hardness ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Vanadium Carbides

AbstractFrom the present study, vanadium additions up to 6.4% were added to a 14%Cr-3%C white iron, and the effect on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analysed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand moulds to obtain bars of 18, 25, and 37 mm thickness. The alloys were characterized by optical and electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900°C for 45 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under a load of 60 N for 1500 m. The results show that, vanadium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming primary vanadium carbides; thus, decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 20% for the iron with 6.4%V;but overall CVF content (M7C3 + VC) is constant at 30%. Wear behaviour was better for the heat-treated alloys and mainly for the 6.4%V iron. Such a behaviour is discussed in terms of the CVF, the amount of vanadium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

Influence of Alloying and Heat Treatment on the Abrasive and Impact–Abrasive Wear Resistance of High-Manganese Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Vdovin ◽  
N. A. Feoktistov ◽  
D. A. Gorlenko ◽  
V. P. Chernov ◽  
I. B. Khrenov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Manganese Steel

scholarly journals Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear resistance of high chromium hardfacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chotěborský
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Secondary Carbides ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Dendritic Austenite

The effect of destabilization heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness, fracture toughness and abrasive wear resistance of high chromium hardfacing was investigated. The results from the study shows that the hardness, frac­ture toughness and abrasive wear resistance are influenced by temperature of destabilization heat treatment and air and furnace cooling conditions, respectively. Destabilization treatment of materials by furnace cooling caused higher secondary carbides in the dendritic austenite whilst by air cooling it showed smaller particles of secondary carbide. Also, it was found that destabilization temperature at 1,000°C improves hardness compared with hardfacing after weld depositing. The study, however, indicated that Palmqvist fracture toughness method is a useful technique for measuring the fracture toughness of high chromium hardfacing compared to Vicker’s hardness method.    

Abrasive Wear Behavior of Permanent Moulded Toughened Austempered Ductile Iron

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Uma ◽  
J. B. Simha ◽  
K. Narasimha Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Graphite Morphology ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Austempering Temperature

Laboratory abrasive wear tests have been reported on permanent moulded toughened austempered ductile iron. The influence of austempering temperature on the abrasive wear behavior have been studied and discussed. The results indicate that with increase in austempering temperature from 300°C to 350°C, the abrasive wear resistance increased, and as the austempering temperature increased to 400°C, there was reduction in the abrasive wear resistance. These results have been interpreted based on the structural features and graphite morphology.

The Effect of Boron on the Sliding Wear Behavior of Iron-Based Hardfacing Alloys for Nuclear Power Plants Valves

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 562-565
Author(s):  
Jeng Wan Yoo ◽  
Kwon Yeong Lee ◽  
Ji Hui Kim ◽  
Ki Soo Kim ◽  
Seon Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Iron Based

A new iron-based wear resistance alloy was developed to replace the Co-containing Stellite 6 alloys in nuclear power industry. The effect of B addition on the wear resistance was investigated. Sliding wear tests of Fe-Cr-C-Si-xB (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.0 and 2.0 wt%) alloys were performed in air at the room temperature under a contact stress of 103 MPa. Low-boron alloys containing less than 0.6 wt% boron showed an excellent wear resistance than any other tested alloys. The improvement was associated with the matrix hardening by promotion of the γ→α′straininduced martensitic transformation occurring during the wear test. However, the alloys containing more than 1.0 wt% boron showed slightly increased wear loss compared to the low-boron alloys because of the absence of the strain-induced martensitic transformation and the presence of the brittle FeB particles, aiding crack initiation.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED PROCESSES OF THERMO-CHEMICAL HEAT TREATMENT OF 20MnCr5 STEEL IN THE CONTEXT OF ABRASIVE WEAR

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Wojciech TARASIUK ◽  
Mariusz LISZEWSKI ◽  
Bazyli KRUPICZ ◽  
Ewa KASPRZYCKA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Heat ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Machine Parts

This paper presents the results of tribological tests performed on a T-11 pin-on-disc type, which made it possible to determine the intensity of abrasive wear of steel 20MnCr5 subjected to selected thermo-chemical heat treatments. The tested steel, after the hardening and tempering process, is characterized by high endurance parameters and is used on heavily loaded machine parts. It is frequently used for elements subjected to intense abrasion. The analysis involved the following: carburizing, boronizing, and various methods of diffusion chromizing. For large loads, it is advisable to apply boronizing or carburizing with hardening. Chrome plating entails a very thin layer of increased hardness, which is characterised by a low abrasive wear resistance at high loads.

Investigation of thermochemical boriding effect on wear behavior of a GGG 50 quality as-cast ductile iron

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Mindivan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Cast Ductile Iron

Purpose This study aims to investigate the microstructure and the abrasive wear features of the untreated and pack borided GGG 50 quality ductile iron under various working temperatures. Design/methodology/approach GGG 50 quality as-cast ductile iron samples were pack borided in Ekabor II powder at 900°C for 3 h, followed by furnace cooling. Structural characterization was made by optical microscopy. Mechanical characterization was made by hardness and pin-on-disc wear test. Pin-on-disc test was conducted on a 240-mesh Al2O3 abrasive paper at various temperatures in between 25 and 450°C. Findings Room temperature abrasive wear resistance of the borided ductile iron increased with an increase in its surface hardness. High-temperature abrasive wear resistances of the borided ductile iron linearly decreased with an increase in test temperature. However, the untreated ductile iron exhibited relatively high resistance to abrasion at a temperature of 150°C. Originality/value This study can be a practical reference and offers insight into the effects of boriding process on the increase of room temperature wear resistance. However, above 150°C, the untreated ductile iron exhibited similar abrasive wear performance as compared to the borided ductile iron.

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