Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genetic resources, production and researches in Turkey

Sunflower is one of the leading oilseed crops and it is widely grown in the Thrace region of Turkey. In 2017, in Turkey as a whole, oilseed and confectionary sunflowers were grown on 779.622 ha with a total production of 1 964 385 t of seed, and average yields of 2.64 t ha−1 for oilseed and 1.67 t ha−1 for confectionary types. Turkey is one of the important countries for crop diversity and has been described as a microcenter for some crops, which originated in different parts of the world. Landraces of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) show significant diversity in Turkey and have been collected in the framework of the “National Industrial Plant Genetic Resources Project” (NPGRP). Nine hundred and thirty two oilseed and confectionary sunflower accessions are in longterm conservation in the National Seed Gene Bank of Turkey. The mission of the National Sunflower Research Project is to develop improved germplasm and hybrid varieties by conventional and biotechnical breeding techniques in Turkey. New germplasm and breeding lines have been developed to improve oilseed and confectionary sunflower hybrids with desired characters including high yield and oil quality, resistance to diseases such as: Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl de Toni., Puccinia helianthi Schw., and Orobanche cumana Walr. Adverse conditions are also taken under consideration. These studies are integrated with agronomic and other related research.

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Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources) ◽

10.36814/pgr.2018.23.07 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 75-85

Author(s):

S.V. Chernobai ◽

V.K. Riabchun ◽

T.B. Kapustina ◽

V.S. Melnyk ◽

O.E. Shchechenko

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Production ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Growing Season Length ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

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Starting material for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties

Plant Breeding and Seed Production ◽

10.30835/2413-7510.2021.236980 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

O. M. Bezuhla ◽

L. N. Kobyzeva

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Starting Material ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

High Yields ◽

Wild Lentil ◽

Intensive Work

Materials and methods. As of January 1, 2021, the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine has a collection comprising 1,101 lentil specimens from 54 countries, including 90 Ukrainian specimens. Of these, 17% are breeding varieties, 45% are breeding lines, 37% are trivially bred varieties and forms, and about 1% are five wild lentil species. The collection specimens were evaluated in accordance with valid methods. Our objective was to evaluate the collection for the traits that determine ease of production and to offer starting material for breeding. Our purpose was to identify sources of valuable economic characteristics for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties. Results and discussion. Basing on the multi-year results, we selected and proposed the starting material to create easily producible lentil varieties with the following characteristics: high yields of seeds (11 macrosperma sources (Krasnohradska 5 originating from Ukraine [1000-seed weight = 73 g]; 1913 T 15 from Canada [66 g]; UD0600141 from Spain [91 g]; and others) and 25 microsperma sources (UD0600707 from Ukraine [34 g]; Miledi from Russia [38 g]; CDC Redcap from Canada [38 g]; and others)); suitability for mechanized harvesting (6 macrosperma sources (Mistseva 5 from Ukraine, Ilina from Slovakia, 1921 T 11 from Canada, and others) and 18 microsperma sources (Novourenskaya 3565 from Russia, Pozdnyaya from the Czech Republic, CDC Redwing from Canada, and others)); improved biochemical composition and high cooking qualities of seeds (3 macrosperma sources (local accessions: UD0600141 from Spain, UD0600329 from Syria, UD0600151 from Mexico) and 10 microsperma sources (local accessions: UD0600451 from Bulgaria, UD0600017 from Afghanistan, UD0600979 from Israel, and others)). Conclusions. For 30 years of intensive work of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, divers and original staring material of lentil has been collected and studied; sources of valuable economic characteristics have been identified for breeding programs of research institutions of Ukraine and other countries

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The Role of Molecular Marker in Development of Plant Genetic Resources

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.855 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 855-858

Author(s):

Zhou Xuan ◽

Hong Dao Zhang ◽

Zheng Hong Li ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Ji Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Molecular Marker ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Biological Phenomena

Plants are fundamental to life, being the basis of our food production and an essential part of the global ecosystem on which life on earth depends. Plant genetic resources include primitive forms of cultivated plant species and landraces, modern cultivars, breeding lines and genetic stocks, weedy types and related wild species, which provide the building blocks that, allow classical plant breeders and biotechnologists to develop new commercial varieties and other biological products. Detection and analysis of genetic variation can help us to understand the molecular basis of various biological phenomena in plants. Molecular markers for the detection and exploitation of DNA polymorphism is one of the most significant developments in the field of molecular genetics. The presence of various types of molecular markers, and differences in their principles, methodologies, and applications require careful consideration in choosing one or more of such methods. This article describes the advances of molecular marker in present, introduces the molecular basis in development of plant genetic resources and perspectives the important role of molecular marker in development of plant genetic resources in the future.

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Sources of high seed productivity of melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources) ◽

10.36814/pgr.2020.26.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

O.V. Palinchak ◽

I.I. Kolesnik

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Average Weight ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Seed Productivity ◽

Check Variety

Aim. To assess the melon collection material for seed productivity and to identify sources of a valuable trait for involvement in the breeding process in the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. Our analysis revealed relationships between the main economic traits, and we established that the productivity of fruits and seeds significantly depended on environmental factors during the study years. There was a strong correlation between these traits (r = 0.71), while the seed productivity more depended on the fruit number per plant (r = 0.62) than on their average weight (r = 0.41). The accessions under investigation differed by fulfillment of their seed yield potential. Among the accessions included in group 4 with high seed productivity, high seed yields were provided by such accessions as Desertnaia 5 (RUS), Ineia (UKR), Delicious 51 (USA), Chaika (UKR), Fortuna (UKR), and Pamiati Pangalo (MDA) (22.3-25.3 g/plant; 0.23-0.26 t/ha). Four accessions from group 5 were identified as the most valuable genetic sources of very high seed productivity: Mistseva 256/98 (UKR), Berehynia (UKR), Victoria (MDA), and Iliyskaya (KAZ) (26.8-29.6 g/plant; 0.27-0.30 t/ha), which exceeded the check variety by 12.8-5.6 g/plant or by 0.13-0.16 t/ha. The seed yield, as a measure of the potential number of seeds depending on the fruit yield, and the 1000-seed weight, as an indicator of the seed size and plumpness, are also important traits in assessing the seed productivity of collection accessions. The highest percentages of seed yield were observed in accessions Pepen golden (ROU), Ananasna 217/06 (RUS), Accession 4596 (USA), Mistseva 256/98 (UKR), Inhulka (UKR), Mistsevyi 5827 (KAZ), and Basarabiya (MDA): 1.23-1.42% (0.33-0.52% higher than from the check variety). As to the 1000-seed weight, the highest values were recorded for accessions Pridnestrovskaya (MDA), Lyleia (UKR), Dumka (UKR), Ineia (UKR), Mistseva 256/98 (UKR), Pamyati Pangalo (MDA), and Berehynia (UKR): 40.4-46.2 g (+3.9-9.7 g to the check variety). Due to the combination of high yield capacity and increased seed productivity, variety Berehynia (UL3800002) originating from Ukraine has been submitted for registration to the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine as an accession of the gene pool. Conclusions. Assessment of the genetic diversity of melons revealed patterns in levels of seed productivity, depending on the variety; and the relationships between the main economic traits were determined. Sources of valuable economic traits for further use in breeding have been identified: with high seed productivity (10), with increased seed yield (7) and with large seeds (7). Valuable specimen of melon, Berehynia (UL3800002), with high seed productivity has been singled out and submitted for registration to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.

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Plant Genetic Resources Management for Sustainable Development

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2528 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 2528-2531

Author(s):

Xuan Zhou ◽

Hong Dao Zhang ◽

Zheng Hong Li ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Ji Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Resources Management ◽

Genetic Resources Management ◽

The Status ◽

Cultivated Plant ◽

Spread Of Agriculture

The appearance of agriculture roughly 10,000 years ago disrupted the ecological balance of numerous systems. Fortunately, the process of domesticating plants and animals and the spread of agriculture were slow enough to allow a new equilibrium to emerge. Plant genetic resources include primitive forms of cultivated plant species and landraces, modern cultivars, obsolete cultivars, breeding lines and genetic stocks, weedy types and related wild species, which provide the building blocks that allow classical plant breeders and biotechnologists to develop new commercial varieties and other biological products. Therefore, it is obviously very important to manage plant genetic resources for sustainable development in all of country. This article describes the management of plant genetic resources from conservation to utilization, introduces the status of international cooperation for sustainable development and perspectives that the significant plant genetic resources management for sustainable development in the future.

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Effects of nitrogen doses on growth and some nutrient element uptake of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) hybrids

Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.15547/10.15547/ast.2018.04.062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 338-343

Author(s):

G. Oren ◽

H. Celik

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Dry Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Nutrient Element ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

High Oleic ◽

Element Uptake ◽

Healthy Growth

Abstract. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is known as one of the most important and preferred vegetable oil producing plants. In recent years, new cultivars with high oleic acid contents have been developed because of their health effects, extended frying and shelf life. On the other hand, nutrition of the plants is important for healthy growth, high yield, and oil quality and their nutrient needs may differ between the plant species and varieties. We aimed to determine the effects of increasing application doses of nitrogen (N) (0, 16, 32, 48, and 64 mg.kg-1 N) on growth and on some nutrient element uptake of four sunflower hybrids and compare the nutritional differences of linoleic (ESNovamis CL, and LG 5542 CL) and high-oleic (Oliva CL and ESGrafic CL) type sunflower hybrids in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in randomized factorial design with three replicates. Increasing doses of N effected the dry matter and nutrient uptake of sunflower hybrids significantly (p<0.01). Increasing doses of N elevated the dry weight, N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) uptake of all tested sunflower hybrids. The increases were found maximum at 32 mg.kg-1 N dose. Significant differences were also established between the hybrids. Among the tested hybrids, ESGrafic CL a high oleic type sunflower has higher nutrient uptake capacity so much more nutrients might be supplied to this new generation sunflower hybrids according to the soil and plant analysis results.

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