scholarly journals Starting material for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
O. M. Bezuhla ◽  
L. N. Kobyzeva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Wild Lentil ◽  
Intensive Work

Materials and methods. As of January 1, 2021, the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine has a collection comprising 1,101 lentil specimens from 54 countries, including 90 Ukrainian specimens. Of these, 17% are breeding varieties, 45% are breeding lines, 37% are trivially bred varieties and forms, and about 1% are five wild lentil species. The collection specimens were evaluated in accordance with valid methods. Our objective was to evaluate the collection for the traits that determine ease of production and to offer starting material for breeding. Our purpose was to identify sources of valuable economic characteristics for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties. Results and discussion. Basing on the multi-year results, we selected and proposed the starting material to create easily producible lentil varieties with the following characteristics: high yields of seeds (11 macrosperma sources (Krasnohradska 5 originating from Ukraine [1000-seed weight = 73 g]; 1913 T 15 from Canada [66 g]; UD0600141 from Spain [91 g]; and others) and 25 microsperma sources (UD0600707 from Ukraine [34 g]; Miledi from Russia [38 g]; CDC Redcap from Canada [38 g]; and others)); suitability for mechanized harvesting (6 macrosperma sources (Mistseva 5 from Ukraine, Ilina from Slovakia, 1921 T 11 from Canada, and others) and 18 microsperma sources (Novourenskaya 3565 from Russia, Pozdnyaya from the Czech Republic, CDC Redwing from Canada, and others)); improved biochemical composition and high cooking qualities of seeds (3 macrosperma sources (local accessions: UD0600141 from Spain, UD0600329 from Syria, UD0600151 from Mexico) and 10 microsperma sources (local accessions: UD0600451 from Bulgaria, UD0600017 from Afghanistan, UD0600979 from Israel, and others)). Conclusions. For 30 years of intensive work of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, divers and original staring material of lentil has been collected and studied; sources of valuable economic characteristics have been identified for breeding programs of research institutions of Ukraine and other countries

Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S.V. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
T.B. Kapustina ◽  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
O.E. Shchechenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological diversity of traditional fig cultivars grown in central-western Spain

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Remedios Morales-Corts ◽  
Ángeles Gómez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
High Yields

There are not many exhaustive works addressing the agromorphological characterization of traditional fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars in Spain. In order to analyze the diversity of these fig genetic resources, twelve traditional fig cultivars from the Central-Western Region of Spain were surveyed and characterized agromorphologically. A total of forty descriptors, mainly defined by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, were used to describe the fruits, leaves and the tree itself over two consecutive years (2013-2014). Some of the cultivars showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters from a commercial point of view, such as two crops per year (breba and fig), high yields, and fruit quality. This was the case of the fig cultivar widely distributed through the Duero river valley called ?Cuarter?n?. Its fruits were quite heavy and sweet (breba: 93.75 g and 25.91? Brix; fig: 42.41 g and 31.50? Brix), easy to peel, and juicy. Principal component analysis revealed that more than 67% of the agromorphological variability observed was explained by the first three components, some of the breba size parameters (fruit and neck length and fruit width) being the most important factors in differentiating the genotypes. A dendrogram clustered the cultivars into two major groups (unifera and bifera type) and revealed existing synonymies and homonymies. ?Carballar Negra? and ?Moscatel? were the only fig cultivars which did not have breba crops. This work is an important step in the conservation of genetic fig resources in Spain.

scholarly journals New proposals to strengthen the boom of agriculture in Peru: massive use of genetic resources and development of modern breeding programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
C. I. Arbizu ◽  
R. H. Blas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Peru is a place with abundant biological resources that should be employed for the benefit of society in general. However, to date, the use of Peruvian plant genetic resources was not fully exploited for the development of improved crops. This work was mostly conducted by the international private sector. The Climate Change Laboratory at Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, and other laboratories at Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión and Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina together with other research programs of other institutions seek to promote the massive and sustainable use of plant genetic resources maintained in germplasm banks. It is planned to make use of modern molecular and morphological techniques. Moreover, infrastructure and human resources are being improved. As a result, we will be able to maintain the growth of the agricultural activity in Peru in terms of space and time.

scholarly journals Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
Albert Schulthess ◽  
Filippo Bassi ◽  
Ekaterina Badaeva ◽  
Kerstin Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Elite Germplasm

Wheat (Triticum sp.) is one of the world’s most important crops, and constantly increasing its productivity is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of people. However, more than a century of intensive breeding and selection processes have eroded genetic diversity in the elite genepool, making new genetic gains difficult. Therefore, the need to introduce novel genetic diversity into modern wheat has become increasingly important. This review provides an overview of the plant genetic resources (PGR) available for wheat. We describe the most important taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of these PGR to guide their use in wheat breeding. In addition, we present the status of the use of some of these resources in wheat breeding programs. We propose several introgression schemes that allow the transfer of qualitative and quantitative alleles from PGR into elite germplasm. With this in mind, we propose the use of a stage-gate approach to align the pre-breeding with main breeding programs to meet the needs of breeders, farmers, and end-users. Overall, this review provides a clear starting point to guide the introgression of useful alleles over the next decade.

INVESTIGATION AND USE OF THE LITHUANIAN FLAX GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE BREEDING PROGRAMS

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Bacelis ◽  
Zofija Jankauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Agronomical Characters

The profusion, diversity and value of genetic resources significantly contribute to the success of flax breeding. Of special value are genotypes of local origin, highly adapted to the local climatic and soil conditions. Storage of genetic resources in Lithuania was started in 1994-1995. During the period 1995-1997 25 flax varieties and local accessions were studied at the Upytė Research Station of LIA. In 1998-2000 we tested 21 varieties and breeding lines, in 2001-2002 18 accessions, in 2003-2004 12 accessions. The best genotypes were included in flax breeding programs. About 50 genotypes have been transferred to the Gene Bank of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture after assessment for biological-agronomical characters following UPOV descriptors.

scholarly journals Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genetic resources, production and researches in Turkey

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ahmet Semsettin Tan ◽  
Yalcin Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Puccinia Helianthi ◽  
New Germplasm

Sunflower is one of the leading oilseed crops and it is widely grown in the Thrace region of Turkey. In 2017, in Turkey as a whole, oilseed and confectionary sunflowers were grown on 779.622 ha with a total production of 1 964 385 t of seed, and average yields of 2.64 t ha−1 for oilseed and 1.67 t ha−1 for confectionary types. Turkey is one of the important countries for crop diversity and has been described as a microcenter for some crops, which originated in different parts of the world. Landraces of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) show significant diversity in Turkey and have been collected in the framework of the “National Industrial Plant Genetic Resources Project” (NPGRP). Nine hundred and thirty two oilseed and confectionary sunflower accessions are in longterm conservation in the National Seed Gene Bank of Turkey. The mission of the National Sunflower Research Project is to develop improved germplasm and hybrid varieties by conventional and biotechnical breeding techniques in Turkey. New germplasm and breeding lines have been developed to improve oilseed and confectionary sunflower hybrids with desired characters including high yield and oil quality, resistance to diseases such as: Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl de Toni., Puccinia helianthi Schw., and Orobanche cumana Walr. Adverse conditions are also taken under consideration. These studies are integrated with agronomic and other related research.

scholarly journals Plant genetic resources in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
I. Faberová ◽  
Z. Stehno
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
National Information

The study and conservation of plant genetic resources (PGR) in the Czech Republic has a long tradition. Since 1993, the efforts on PGR have been concentrated within the National Programme on Plant Genetic Resources. Twelve institutions hold a total of 50 000 accessions; 18.4% of which are vegetatively reproduced species. The Crop Research Institute (CRI), Prague, has overall responsibility for coordinating the Programme, holds more than a half of all accessions in the Czech collections, runs the national information system on PGR, and provides long-term storage for all seed-propagated species (inclusive the routine cryo-bank for selected vegetatively reproduced crops). All of the Czech collections are fully documented with passport data. Evaluation data sets (based on National Descriptor Lists) are available for 65% of the accessions. Intensive characterization and evaluation of genetic resources is performed to facilitate their use in breeding and agriculture. Each year, between 2400 and 5500 samples of PGR are provided to users. We make efforts to extend users’ access to genetic resources. The collecting missions within the Czech territory, including the conservation and monitoring of valuable resources in situ, contribute to the preservation of valuable local resources. International collaborations operate on global, regional and bilateral levels; a guaranty of the international exchange of genetic resources is a fundamental policy. All Czech institutions dealing with plant genetic resources are involved in the European Cooperative Programme on Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR).

scholarly journals Common Vetch, Valuable Germplasm for Resilient Agriculture: Genetic Characterization and Spanish Core Collection Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía De la Rosa ◽  
María Isabel López-Román ◽  
Juan M. González ◽  
Encarnación Zambrana ◽  
Teresa Marcos-Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Breeding Programs

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a legume used for animal feed because of its high protein content and great capacity for nitrogen fixation, making this crop relevant in sustainable agriculture. The Spanish vetch collection, conserved at the Spanish Plant Genetic Resources Center (CRF), is one of the largest collections of this species worldwide, including landraces, wild relatives mainly collected in Spain, and commercial cultivars, but also accessions of international origin. The analysis of the genetic diversity of this material, whose genome has not been sequenced yet, and the assembly of a representative collection could play a pivotal role in conserving and exploiting these genetic resources in breeding programs mainly in those focused on consequences and demands of climate change. In this work, a set of 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) reference alleles for genetic diversity analysis of the CRF vetch collection has been developed, used for genotyping more than 545 common vetch accessions from all over the world and validated. All the tested markers were polymorphic for the analyzed accessions. Overall, at least 86 different loci were identified with 2–11 alleles per locus with an average of 6.1 alleles per locus. Also, the analyses of the generated SSR database support that most of these SSR markers are transferable across closely related species of Vicia genus. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that wild relatives have a higher genetic diversity than landraces. However, cultivars have similar diversity than landraces, indicating that genetic variability has been barely lost due to the breeding of this legume. Low differences of genetic variations between Spanish and non-Spanish accessions have been observed, suggesting a high degree of diversity within Spanish genotypes, which provide 95% of the total genetic variation, so we have focused our efforts on characterizing genotypes of Spanish origin that were further studied using storage protein profiles. Based on SSR, seed protein profiles, and agromorphological and passport data, a vetch core collection (VCC) containing 47 V. sativa accessions of Spanish origin has been established. In this collection, the characterization has been expanded using ISSR markers, and it has been reevaluated with new agromorphological data, including drought tolerance characters. This VCC presents a minimum loss of genetic diversity concerning the total collection and constitutes an invaluable material that can be used in future breeding programs for direct use in a resilient agricultural system.

scholarly journals THE CYTOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF THE ALTERNATED FORMS OF ALFALFA

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
R. Mamedova ◽  
A. Shahaeva ◽  
O. Bayramov ◽  
Sh. Alizade
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Division Spindle

Colchicine in experimental mutagenesis is used to induce polyploidy, since it, by destroying the division spindle, prevents chromosomes from separating. The importance of studying the mutagenic effect of colchicine on a plant cell is also determined by the practical application of colchicine in the enrichment of plant genetic resources of plants, the creation of cytogenetic collections and their use in breeding programs. In our experiments, we studied the effect of colchicine on alfalfa and the effect of its influence. Seeds of varieties ASKHI-1 and AzNIKHI-262 obtained as a result of treatment with different concentrations of colchicine (0.02% and 0.04%) were used as plant material. In some anaphases, chromosome delays were observed when diverging to the poles. No cells with a doubled set of chromosomes were found. According to the results of studying the stages of mitosis, it should be noted that ASKHI-1 variety is more sensitive to colchicine treatment than AzNIKhI-252, since the first variety showed significantly greater deviations from the control and another variety at the stage of mitotic activity.

scholarly journals Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources—Introduction to the Workshop

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1436-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle M. Volk ◽  
Christopher M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ornamental Horticulture ◽  
American Society

Wild plant genetic resources are increasingly becoming valuable for breeding, genomics, and ornamental horticulture programs. Wild relatives of horticultural species may offer desirable traits that are not available in cultivated varieties, but “wilds” often also have traits that are highly undesirable. Advances in comparative genomics and marker-assisted breeding facilitate the inclusion of the valued traits from wild materials in plant breeding programs. As technologies advance, wild plant genetic resources will become even more valuable for future research developments. This serves as an introduction to a series of proceedings articles from the American Society of Horticultural Science meetings in 2010 workshop entitled “Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources.”

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