Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in cats

Esafoxolaner is a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties. It is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in an experimental study against induced infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Twenty cats were randomly allocated to either a placebo control group or a treated group in a 1:1 ratio. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. The study was designed to assess curative efficacy 48 h after treatment and to test preventive efficacy 48 h after weekly infestations for 2 months. At each weekly infestation, all cats were infested with 25 male and 25 unfed female R. sanguineus ticks. At each tick count, at least 6 in 10 control cats had a retention of 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the study. Curative efficacy on existing tick infestation was 90%; preventive efficacy over the following 6 weeks was at least 96%.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Amblyomma americanum in cats

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2021021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joe Prullage ◽

Christine Baker ◽

Abdelmoneim Mansour ◽

Scott McCall ◽

David Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Treated Group ◽

Amblyomma Americanum ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

The Novel ◽

Tick Count ◽

Placebo Control Group ◽

Preventive Efficacy

Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide product for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in two experimental studies against induced infestations with Amblyomma americanum, a tick species of major importance, highly prevalent in a large southeastern quarter of the United States. In each study, 10 cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group and 10 cats to a novel formulation treated group. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. Both studies were designed to test curative efficacy on existing infestation, 72 h after treatment, and to test preventive efficacy, 72 h after subsequent weekly (Study #1) or fortnightly (Study #2) infestations for one month. For each infestation, all cats were infested with 50 unfed adult A. americanum. At each tick count, in both studies, at least 8 in 10 placebo control cats were infested with 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the studies. Curative efficacy of the novel formulation was 99% in both studies; preventive efficacy was 92% and 100% for at least one month.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Echinococcus multilocularis infections in cats

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2021025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Joe Prullage ◽

Dwight Bowman ◽

Michael Ulrich ◽

Eric Tielemans

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

The Novel ◽

Control Groups ◽

Geometric Means ◽

Placebo Control Group

NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, for the treatment of internal and external parasite infestations, including arthropods, nematodes and cestodes, was tested for efficacy against induced infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in cats, in two experimental studies. The two studies were performed in the United States with the same E. multilocularis isolate sourced locally. In each study, 20 cats were inoculated intra-gastrically with ~30,000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces three weeks before treatment, then ten cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to the novel formulation treated group. Inoculated cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation, or with an identical volume of placebo. One week after treatment, cats were humanely euthanized for parasite recovery and count. The efficacy calculation was based on comparison of number of scoleces found in the control group and the novel formulation group. In the two control groups, E. multilocularis scoleces were found in five (range: 30–1025) and eight (range 2–345) cats, the geometric means inclusive of the ten cats per group were 8.9 and 28.8, respectively. In the two novel formulation-treated groups, none of the cats harbored any E. multilocularis scoleces, demonstrating 100% efficacy.

Download Full-text

Subcutaneous Injection of Nitroglycerin at the Radial Artery Puncture Site Reduces the Risk of Early Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Coronary Catheterization

Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions ◽

10.1161/circinterventions.118.006571 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yequn Chen ◽

Zhiquan Ke ◽

Jiaxin Xiao ◽

Mengyue Lin ◽

Xiru Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radial Artery ◽

Subcutaneous Injection ◽

Treated Group ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Puncture Site ◽

Coronary Catheterization ◽

Placebo Control Group ◽

Radial Artery Occlusion

Background: Transradial coronary catheterization is widely used as a diagnostic or interventional procedure for coronary disease. However, it can lead to adverse complications, such as radial artery occlusion. We sought to determine whether preprocedural injection of nitroglycerin at the radial artery puncture site reduces radial artery occlusion. Methods and Results: A total of 188 patients undergoing transradial coronary catheterization were randomized in a single-blind fashion to receive subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mL 0.1% nitroglycerin or a placebo at the radial artery puncture site. The participants underwent ultrasound examinations of the radial artery before and at 24 hours after the procedure. Of the 188 patients enrolled, 182 completed the study, as the procedure failed in 2 participants in the nitroglycerin-treated group and 4 in the placebo group. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between 2 groups. Comparing the radial artery diameters before and after the operation, there was a statistically significant increase in the nitroglycerin-treated group (2.48±0.45 versus 2.45±0.46 mm; P =0.003) but a decrease in the placebo control group (2.41±0.50 versus 2.46±0.49 mm; P <0.001). Importantly, the incidence of radial arterial occlusion was substantially lower in the nitroglycerin-treated group than in the placebo control group (5.4% versus 14.4%; P =0.04). There was not significant difference in other complications (forearm hematoma and radial artery pseudoaneurysm, respectively), and there was no incidence of cause hypotension or an intolerable headache. Conclusions: Subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin at the radial artery puncture site dilates the radial artery and reduces the incidence of early radial artery occlusion post-catheterization. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn . Unique identifier: ChiCTR-IPR-15006559.

Download Full-text

Comparative preventive efficacy of ProHeart® 12, Heartgard® Plus and Interceptor® Plus against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant strain (JYD-34) of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04708-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tom L. McTier ◽

Susan Holzmer ◽

Kristina Kryda ◽

Sean Mahabir ◽

John W. McCall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistant Strain ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Macrocyclic Lactone ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Worm Count ◽

Preventive Efficacy ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The current studies compared ProHeart® 12, Heartgard® Plus and Interceptor® Plus for preventive efficacy against JYD-34, a macrocyclic lactone (ML)-resistant strain of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Methods In two studies, each using 24 adult beagles, dogs were allocated to four treatment groups (n = 6): placebo-treated control; ProHeart 12 as per label (0.5 mg/kg moxidectin); Heartgard Plus (HGP) as per label (minimum 6 µg/kg ivermectin); and Interceptor Plus (INP) as per label (minimum 0.5 mg/kg milbemycin oxime). In both studies, ProHeart 12 was administered as a single subcutaneous dose on day 0, and HGP and INP were administered orally on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. In Studies 1 and 2, dogs were inoculated with 50 third-stage heartworm larvae (JYD-34 strain) on days −30 and 165, respectively. In Study 2, treatment for both HGP and INP was continued on days 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 and 330. Adult heartworm recoveries were performed on day 185 in Study 1 and on day 360 in Study 2. Results In Studies 1 and 2, all placebo-treated dogs developed adult heartworm infections (geometric mean, 29.9 and 34.9 worms/dog, respectively). A single dose of ProHeart 12 was 100% effective in preventing the development of adult JYD-34 heartworms when treatment was initiated 30 days after heartworm inoculation, while six consecutive monthly doses of HGP and INP were only 10.5% and 14.6% effective, respectively. The mean worm count for the ProHeart 12-treated group was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than that for the placebo control, HGP- and INP-treated groups. In Study 2, the dogs treated with ProHeart 12 had an efficacy of 98.3%. All dogs treated with HGP and INP for 12 consecutive months had adult heartworms with efficacies of 37.7% and 34.9%, respectively. The mean worm count for the ProHeart 12-treated dogs was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than those for the control group, HGP- and INP-treated groups. Conclusions A single administration of ProHeart 12 was 98–100% effective in preventing the development of the ML-resistant JYD-34 heartworm strain and was significantly better than multiple consecutive monthly doses of either Heartgard Plus or Interceptor Plus in both studies. Graphic Abstract

Download Full-text

ESTIMATING EFFECTS OF SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT ON RENAL FAILURE AND DEATH WITHOUT A PARALLEL PLACEBO CONTROL GROUP

Nephrology ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.abs122.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. A97-A97

Author(s):

Hoy We ◽

Baker P ◽

Wang Z ◽

Cass A ◽

Mathews Jd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Systematic Treatment ◽

Placebo Control Group

Download Full-text

Efficacy and Safety of Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) in Women With Blood Deficient Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.718154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Li Zhang ◽

Zhongju Xu ◽

Tao Jiang ◽

Jialu Zhang ◽

Pinxian Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Double Blind ◽

Placebo Control Group ◽

Sf 36

Equus asinus L [Equidae; Asini Corii Colla] (donkey-hide gelatin, Ejiao), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to nourish the blood, especially for women. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Ejiao in blood-deficient patients. A total of 210 participants were recruited and randomly allocated into the placebo control group and Ejiao-treated group (6 g/day). The primary outcomes on the efficacy of Ejiao included traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, blood indicators, and SF-36. The secondary outcomes were changes in fireness and safety evaluation. Results showed that Ejiao treatment for 8 weeks had significantly improved dizziness symptoms. Among the tested 24 blood biochemical parameters, the hematocrit and red blood cell numbers decreased in the placebo control group, but decreased significantly less in the Ejiao treatment group. The white blood cell and neutrophil counts increased in the Ejiao group but were within the normal range. In addition, the quality of life improved as the scores in SF-36 domains were significantly higher in the Ejiao group. At the same time, there was no significant change in the fire–heat symptoms score or other safety parameters. Considering all these, our study showed that Ejiao has a promising effect in women suffering from blood deficiency without obvious adverse effects.

Download Full-text

Effect Of Citrullus Lanatus Juice On Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells And Liver Enzyme; An Experimental Study

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2019023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 257-260

Author(s):

Shahid Ali ◽

Nuzhat Sultana ◽

Muslim Abbas ◽

Zareen Naz ◽

Muhammad Akbar Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Liver Enzyme ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Post Hoc

Objective: To determine effect of citrullus lanatus juice on hemoglobin and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. Study design and setting: It was an experimental study conducted on healthy rabbits for sixty days in the research department of pharmacy University of Karachi. Methodology: Current study was planned to evaluate effect of Citrullus lanatus juice on red blood cells, hemoglobin and liver enzyme. 60 days study was performed at 2 different doses i.e 3and 6ml/kg on rabbits. These rabbits were from either gender and were divided into 3 groups their weight ranges from 1200 to 1800 grams. Group A is control group (Normal saline 6ml/kg), Group B is treated group (3 ml/kg), Group C is treated group (6ml/kg). After taking mean of all values they are compared with control group. Significance of mean can be estimated by Tukes Post Hoc Test. P<0.05 estimated as significant. Results: It was found that count of red blood cells rises significantly along with rise in hemoglobin level. As far as liver enzyme serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was concerned its concentration decreases slightly. Conclusion: Citrullus lanatus juice contain ingredients which are important for RBC hemoglobin and synthesis .It also contains important antioxidants that have organoprotective role due to which SGPT level decreases even in healthy animals as compared to control groups

Download Full-text

Sulfinpyrazone And Prevention Of Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis(DVT)

10.1055/s-0038-1653220 ◽

1981 ◽

Author(s):

G Arapakis ◽

A Trovas ◽

G Orphanoudakis ◽

P Vassilikos

Keyword(s):

Arterial Thrombosis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Placebo Control Group ◽

Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Surgical Operations

Though the antithrombotic properties of sulfinpyrazone (SP) in arterial thrombosis have been documented, its value in phlebothrombosis remains uncertain. In this randomized double-blind trial, the effect of SP (500mg I.M. twice daily for the first 10 postoperative days) on postoperative DVT was compared with a placebo control group. 96 (65 male and 31 female) patients 41 to 83 years of age undergoing major surgical operations were included in the trial. The composition of the two groups (treated and placebo) were homogenious regarding age, sex and type of operation (0,30<p<0,50). The incidence of DVT was estimated clinically and isotopically by the 125I-labelled figrinogen test.No clinical phlebothrombosis was observed in either group but DVT was detected isotopically in 4 (8,3%) out of 48 in the placebo and in 7 (14,5%) of the 48 in the SP group. Analysis by the x2 showed no statistical significance in the prevalence of postoperative DVT between the two groups (x2<x20,30/1). These results suggest that SP has no place in the prevention of postoperative DVT.

Download Full-text

Improving mental health and physiological stress responses in mothers following traumatic childbirth and in their infants: study protocol for the Swiss TrAumatic biRth Trial (START)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e032469 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vania Sandoz ◽

Camille Deforges ◽

Suzannah Stuijfzand ◽

Manuella Epiney ◽

Yvan Vial ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Development ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Intrusive Memories ◽

Placebo Control Group ◽

Psychological Vulnerability ◽

Traumatic Childbirth

IntroductionEmergency caesarean section (ECS) qualifies as a psychological trauma, which may result in postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Maternal PTSD may not only have a significant negative impact on mother–infant interactions, but also on long-term infant development. The partner’s mental health may also affect infant development. Evidence-based early interventions to prevent the development of postpartum PTSD in mothers are lacking. Immediately after a traumatic event, memory formation is vulnerable to interference. There is accumulating evidence that a brief behavioural intervention including a visuospatial task may result in a reduction in intrusive memories of the trauma.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes a double-blind multicentre randomised controlled phase III trial testing an early brief maternal intervention including the computer game ‘Tetris’ on intrusive memories of the ECS trauma (≤1 week) and PTSD symptoms (6 weeks, primary outcome) of 144 women following an ECS. The intervention group will carry out a brief behavioural procedure including playing Tetris. The attention-placebo control group will complete a brief written activity log. Both simple cognitive tasks will be completed within the first 6 hours following traumatic childbirth. The intervention is delivered by midwives/nurses in the maternity unit.The primary outcome will be differences in the presence and severity of maternal PTSD symptoms between the intervention and the attention-placebo control group at 6 weeks post partum. Secondary outcomes will be physiological stress and psychological vulnerability, mother–infant interaction and infant developmental outcomes. Other outcomes will be psychological vulnerability and physiological regulation of the partner and their bonding with the infant, as well as the number of intrusive memories of the event.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton de Vaud (study number 2017–02142). Dissemination of results will occur via national and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals, public conferences and social media.Trial registration numberNCT 03576586.

Download Full-text

Alcohol and Aggression

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01953.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 649-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Peter R. Giancola ◽

Michelle D. Corman

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Attention Allocation ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Sequential Order ◽

Allocation Model ◽

Placebo Control Group ◽

Electric Shocks ◽

Moderate Load ◽

Laboratory Task

This article presents the first systematic test of the attention-allocation model for alcohol-related aggression. According to this model, alcohol has a “myopic” effect on attentional capacity that presumably facilitates aggression by focusing attention on more salient provocative, rather than less salient inhibitory, cues in hostile situations. Aggression was assessed using a laboratory task in which mild electric shocks were received from, and administered to, a fictitious opponent. Study 1 demonstrated that a moderate-load cognitive distractor suppressed aggression in intoxicated subjects (to levels even lower than those exhibited by a placebo control group). Study 2 assessed how varying the magnitude of a distracting cognitive load affected aggression in the alcohol and placebo conditions. Results indicated that the moderate-load distraction used in Study 1 (i.e., holding four elements in sequential order in working memory) suppressed aggression best. Cognitive loads of larger and smaller magnitudes were not successful in attenuating aggression.

Download Full-text