scholarly journals Social, ethical and communication aspects of uncertainty management

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. S145-S149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Turcanu ◽  
T. Perko ◽  
S. Baudé ◽  
G. Hériard-Dubreuil ◽  
N. Zeleznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Sound Communication ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
National Emergency

The European project CONFIDENCE identified, conceptualised and addressed social uncertainties through a multi-method research approach. The research highlighted the uncertainties faced by publics, emergency management actors and decision-makers in nuclear emergencies and during the recovery phase. It showed that nuclear emergency management is dominated by decisions under uncertainties, that non-experts face also different uncertainties than experts, that emergency plans need a (continuous) reality check and that sound communication, openness and transparency about uncertainties may contribute to better decisions. It also suggests that national emergency response and recovery policies should consider and support the capacity of local actors to deal with an emergency or post-accident situation, for instance by carrying out their own measurements. This way, social uncertainties can be addressed and in some situations reduced, and the communication improved.

A Single-Objective Recovery Phase Model

2012 ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Mehlhorn ◽  
Michael Racer ◽  
Stephanie Ivey ◽  
Martin Lipinski
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Highway Transportation ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Phase Models ◽  
Flexible Model ◽  
Single Objective

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has identified the four phases of disaster related planning as mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. The recovery phase is characterized by activity to return life to normal or improved levels. Very little research considers the recovery phase, which encompasses restoring services and rebuilding disaster stricken areas of the highway transportation network. Existing recovery phase models deal primarily with travel times and do not focus on specific routes for reconstruction. This research proposes a plan for repair and restoration of bridges to restore a highway network that allows accessibility to key facilities in the area. This research differs from other recovery phase models in that actual routes are chosen for recovery based on given criteria. The single-objective optimization model developed in this paper is a flexible model that can be applied to a variety of natural disaster situations and other situations that involve damage to transportation components where decisions on recovery strategies must be made.

scholarly journals Closing the Citizen-Government Communication Gap: Content, Audience, and Network Analysis of Government Tweets

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Wukich ◽  
Ines Mergel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
State Level ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Government Communication ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
One And Many ◽  
Timely Dissemination

AbstractA key task in emergency management is the timely dissemination of information to decision makers across different scales of operations, particularly to individual citizens. Incidents over the past decade highlight communication gaps between government and constituents that have led to suboptimal outcomes. Social media can provide valuable tools to reduce those gaps. This article contributes to the existing literature on social media use by empirically demonstrating how and to what extent state-level emergency management agencies employ social media to increase public participation and promote behavioral changes intended to reduce household and community risk. Research to this point has empirically examined only response and recovery phases related to this process. This article addresses each phase of emergency management through the analysis of Twitter messages posted over a 3-month period. Our research demonstrates that while most messages conformed to traditional one-to-many government communication tactics, a number of agencies employed interactive approaches including one-to-one and many-to-many strategies.

scholarly journals Emergency preparedness: What is the future?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn J. Herstein ◽  
Michelle M. Schwedhelm ◽  
Angela Vasa ◽  
Paul D. Biddinger ◽  
Angela L. Hewlett
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Infection Preventionists

Abstract Emergency preparedness programs have evolved over the last several decades as communities have responded to natural, intentional, and accidental disasters. This evolution has resulted in a comprehensive all-hazards approach centered around 4 fundamental phases spanning the entire disaster life cycle: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Increasing frequency of outbreaks and epidemics of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases in the last decade has emphasized the significance of healthcare emergency preparedness programs, but the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has tested healthcare facilities’ emergency plans and exposed vulnerabilities in healthcare emergency preparedness on a scale unexperienced in recent history. We review the 4 phases of emergency management and explore the lessons to be learned from recent events in enhancing health systems capabilities and capacities to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from biological threats or events, whether it be a pandemic or a single case of an unknown infectious disease. A recurring cycle of assessing, planning, training, exercising, and revising is vital to maintaining healthcare system preparedness, even in absence of an immediate, high probability threat. Healthcare epidemiologists and infection preventionists must play a pivotal role in incorporating lessons learned from the pandemic into emergency preparedness programs and building more robust preparedness plans.

A Single-Objective Recovery Phase Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Mehlhorn ◽  
Michael Racer ◽  
Stephanie Ivey ◽  
Martin Lipinski
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Highway Transportation ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Phase Models ◽  
Flexible Model ◽  
Single Objective

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has identified the four phases of disaster related planning as mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. The recovery phase is characterized by activity to return life to normal or improved levels. Very little research considers the recovery phase, which encompasses restoring services and rebuilding disaster stricken areas of the highway transportation network. Existing recovery phase models deal primarily with travel times and do not focus on specific routes for reconstruction. This research proposes a plan for repair and restoration of bridges to restore a highway network that allows accessibility to key facilities in the area. This research differs from other recovery phase models in that actual routes are chosen for recovery based on given criteria. The single-objective optimization model developed in this paper is a flexible model that can be applied to a variety of natural disaster situations and other situations that involve damage to transportation components where decisions on recovery strategies must be made.

Washington State Disaster Risk and Preparedness: A Primer for Health Care Providers

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Disaster Assessment ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
National Emergency

AbstractDisaster in Washington State (USA) is inevitable. It is incumbent on health care providers to understand the practice environment as it will be affected by disasters. This means understanding the basic concepts of emergency management, local to national emergency response structure, and the risks and vulnerabilities of the region where one works. This understanding will help health care providers anticipate and prepare for disaster response and recovery. Washington State has many unique features with regard to climate and geography, population, public health, and general infrastructure that create significant vulnerabilities to disaster and strengths with regard to potential response and recovery. This report attempts to define and contextualize emergency management and to condense the extensive research and planning that has been conducted in Washington State surrounding disaster assessment, planning, mitigation, and response from a health care providerʼs prospective. The aim is to increase awareness of and preparation for disaster-related topics among health care providers by creating informed responders.

The 5th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Safety and Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jean-Claude Thill ◽  
Danhuai Guo ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Response And Recovery

Safety is vital for people and emergency management helps keep people safe. Emergency management includes four stages: Planning and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. Geospatial applications (including GIS) have been extensively used in each stage of emergency management. Nowadays, on the technical side, artificial intelligence tools like deep learning could be put to good use. For example, one of the main benefits of deep learning over various machine learning algorithms is its ability to generate new features from limited series of features located in the training dataset. Therefore, deep learning algorithms can create new tasks to solve current ones. Decision-makers can utilize the geospatial information to develop planning and mitigation strategies with such advanced techniques. GIS models and simulation capabilities are used to exercise response and recovery plans during non-disaster times. They help the decision-makers sense the near real-time possibilities during an event. Once disaster occurs, GIS will take effect in real time response and recovery activities.

scholarly journals Article: Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Wendelboe, PhD ◽  
Amanda Miller, JD, CRM ◽  
Douglas Drevets, MD ◽  
Linda Salinas, MD ◽  
E. J. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Functional Areas

Preparing for public health emergencies is an ongoing process and involves a variety of approaches and tools. Tabletop exercises are one of the tools designed to simulate the emergence of a public health emergency and address some or all of the phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.1 They typically are designed to include participation of stakeholders from diverse and complementary backgrounds, including command, operations, logistics, planning, and finance.2 Effective tabletop exercises provide a plausible scenario that require cooperation and communication from these functional areas. Tabletops also require forward thinking and planning in a variety of scenarios. When a public health emergency occurs, decision makers may be overwhelmed with decisions that need their immediate attention. Tabletop exercises can provide a framework to help decision makers anticipate future challenges, which may provide the mental model encompassing knowledge and insights that inform both current and future decisions.

Young Adults’ Contextualization of Environmental and Sustainability Issues: A Critical Issue for Environmental Education Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony KOLA-OLUSANYA
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

As soon as decision makers are expected to make differences towards sustainable future, young adults’ ability to make informed and sound decisions is considered essential towards securing our planet. This study provides an insight into young adults’ knowledge of key environment and sustainability issues. To answer the key research questions, data were obtained using a qualitative phenomenographic research approach and collected through 18 face-to-face in-depth interviews with research participants. The findings of this study suggest that young adults lived experiences that play a huge role in their level of awareness of topical environmental and sustainability issues critical to humanity’s future on earth. 

scholarly journals Providing multilingual logistics communication in COVID-19 disaster relief

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-528
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yuqin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Important Means ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTranslation is an important means of enabling access to information in an emergency response. Increasingly, volunteer translators have been using social media platforms to self-organize and carry out urgent translation tasks that effectively complement official disaster relief efforts. However, the role of crowdsourced translations and the capacity of volunteer translators in reducing the impact of disasters remain underestimated and therefore understudied. Based on semi-structured interviews with five volunteer translators and online observation of their translation practices, this study investigates the role of a volunteer-driven crowdsourced translation effort in facilitating the donation and procurement of medical supplies between Wuhan and the world. By addressing the real challenges of urgent crisis communication in Wuhan in the early stages of the pandemic, this study draws attention to the need to integrate information and communication technologies with multilingual resources for disaster relief. In addition, it calls for the inclusion of multilingual logistics in national emergency preparation, response and recovery plans.

Geo-Information Support in Management of Urban Disasters

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Sisi Zlatanova ◽  
Peter van Oosterom ◽  
Edward Verbree
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Actual Response

Within the management of urban disasters, geo-information systems (GIS) are used in any of the phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery as most of the required data have a spatial component. Examples of GIS-based decision support systems on mitigation are found in simulation models of floods and earthquakes. In the preparation phase all kinds of spatial observations and models can be used to predict which areas will be threatened. To prepare for adequately responding in case of an actual disaster, these systems are capable of developing realistic scenarios that are used within training and virtual reality (VR) systems. During the actual response phase geo-information is used intensively: for getting an impression of the environment, for routing, for obtaining up-to-date information about the actual situation, etc. In the recovery phase, there is often a high public and political interest to judge the situation - comparing the pre- and post-disaster situation - and to set priorities for the rebuilding. Despite this potential of GIS-based support for urban disaster management, the use of these systems or even the utilisation of geo-information itself is still very limited in countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The emergency management is usually done with paper maps that are seldom up-to-date. Useful systems to support decision makers in any of the phases of disaster management are nearly completely lacking. To improve the work of decision makers and rescue teams, different premises have to be archived in relation to: meta-information to provide insight on the availability and usefulness of the geo-information itself, the technical equipment of the rescue teams (i.e. communication devices and field computers), and the up-to-date information from the affected areas (images, observations, reports). This paper suggests a framework for “urban and urgent” disaster management to facilitate the work of police forces, fire departments, ambulances and government coordinators in disaster situations by extending and improving the utilisation of geo-information. Within a pre-disaster situation, geo-information support management further can assist planning for prevention and mitigation.

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