scholarly journals Methods building and printing 3D models historical architectural objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 04016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Hevko ◽  
Olha Potapchuk ◽  
Iryna Lutsyk ◽  
Viktorya Yavorska ◽  
Viktoriia Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Bulk Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Accuracy Speed

The authors present methods building and printing three-dimensional models for graphical reconstruction of historical architectural objects. Procedure sequence of the methods is exemplified through building the model of the Parochial Cathedral of St. Mary of the Perpetual Assistance of the 1950s. After analyzing and assessing the most popular specialized software means, the 3DS Max environment is chosen to build a three-dimensional model. Suggested software tools enable increased accuracy, speed and granularity of fixation of complex systems and expanded databases, providing efficient instruments to deal with bulk data and being relevant to new IT achievements. Sequence and content of operations for analytical and modeling cycles are substantiated. The cathedral model is built on the basis of archive photographs and drafts. The authors describe methods and the algorithm of procedures, principles of architectural and spacious modeling to recreate the architectural object. The three-dimensional model is built by applying a stereogram miniature of the destroyed Cathedral. Reconstruction of spacious configuration of the objects is based on parallax assessment of images. Stages of project implementation are determined. There are described methods of implementing modeling by 3DS Max tools and preparing the model for 3D printing in Cura.

scholarly journals Simplified three-dimensional model provides anatomical insights in lizards' caudal autotomy as printed illustration

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANA D.C.G. DE AMORIM ◽  
ISADORA TRAVNIK ◽  
BERNADETE M. DE SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Caudal Autotomy

Lizards' caudal autotomy is a complex and vastly employed antipredator mechanism, with thorough anatomic adaptations involved. Due to its diminished size and intricate structures, vertebral anatomy is hard to be clearly conveyed to students and researchers of other areas. Three-dimensional models are prodigious tools in unveiling anatomical nuances. Some of the techniques used to create them can produce irregular and complicated forms, which despite being very accurate, lack didactical uniformity and simplicity. Since both are considered fundamental characteristics for comprehension, a simplified model could be the key to improve learning. The model here presented depicts the caudal osteology of Tropidurus itambere, and was designed to be concise, in order to be easily assimilated, yet complete, not to compromise the informative aspect. The creation process requires only basic skills in manipulating polygons in 3D modeling softwares, in addition to the appropriate knowledge of the structure to be modeled. As reference for the modeling, we used microscopic observation and a photograph database of the caudal structures. This way, no advanced laboratory equipment was needed and all biological materials were preserved for future research. Therefore, we propose a wider usage of simplified 3D models both in the classroom and as illustrations for scientific publications.

scholarly journals Creation of virtual 3D models of the existing architectonic structures using the web resources

Spatium ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Pejic ◽  
Sonja Krasic
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Digital three-dimensional models of the existing architectonic structures are created for the purpose of digitalization of the archive documents, presentation of buildings or an urban entity or for conducting various analyses and tests. Traditional methods for the creation of 3D models of the existing buildings assume manual measuring of their dimensions, using the photogrammetry method or laser scanning. Such approaches require considerable time spent in data acquisition or application of specific instruments and equipment. The goal of this paper is presentation of the procedure for the creation of 3D models of the existing structures using the globally available web resources and free software packages on standard PCs. This shortens the time of the production of a digital three-dimensional model of the structure considerably and excludes the physical presence at the location. In addition, precision of this method was tested and compared with the results acquired in a previous research.

scholarly journals Processing Three-Dimensional Models of Archaeological Artifacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Chistyakov ◽  
Ekaterina N. Bocharova ◽  
Ksenia A. Kolobova
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

This article provides a detailed account of the process of scanning, post-processing and further manipulation of three-dimensional models obtained with structured light scanners. Purpose. The purpose of the study is determined by the need for national archaeologists to learn the methods of three-dimensional modeling for the implementation of scientific research corresponding to international standards. Unfortunately, this direction in national archaeology began to develop in a relatively recent time and there is a lag in the application of three-dimensional modeling of national archaeology compared to the world level. Results. Any archaeological, experimental or ethnographic artifact can be used for three-dimensional scanning. To perform post-processing of three-dimensional models it is necessary to carry out primary scanning of an artifact by one of the existing algorithms. The algorithm for creating models, their positioning, simplification, saving in various formats and export is described. The main sequence of 3D models post-processing includes: processing of groups of scanned projections (their cleaning and alignment), creation of artifact model and processing/rectification of the resulting model using special software. Conclusion. As a result of correct implementation of the algorithm, the researcher receives a scaled model completely corresponding to the original artifact. Obtaining a scalable, texture-free three-dimensional model of the artifact, which fully corresponds to the original and exceeds a photograph in the quality of detail transfer, allows a scientist to conduct precise metric measurements and any procedures of non-invasive manipulation of the models. The ability to access a database of three-dimensional models of archaeological collections greatly simplifies the work of archaeologists, especially in situations when country borders are closed.

Design of Above-Knee Prosthesis: A Finite Element Stress Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Mihradi ◽  
Calvindoro Zeus Abdiwijaya ◽  
Tatacipta Dirgantara ◽  
Andi Isra Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
Finite Element Stress Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

In the present research, three-dimensional models of above-knee prosthesis, consist of socket, four-bar linkage knee, pylon and foot, are developed. These models have to fulfill criteria such as stability, ability to withstand up to 90 kg of bodyweight, ability to flex up to 130 degree, easy for maintenance, simple manufacturing process, affordable and yet reliable. As the first step of development, these models were evaluated using finite element method software to determine whether or not the design has fulfilled strength criteria. The results show that the last iteration of the three dimensional model of the knee prosthesis has satisfied the criteria.

Study on the Application of Computer Three-Dimensional Model's Simulation Functions

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Qin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Simulation Functions ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

In this paper, the simulation functions of computer three-dimensional model as well as the advantages in the simulated application are briefly introduced, and also the application of the three-dimensional models simulation functions to the different industries is discussed in details.

scholarly journals Influence of Geometric Features Associativity of CAD Class Models on the Process of Their Updating – Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Świaczny
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Class Models ◽  
Positive Effect

This article deals with the topic of one of the most important features of modern CAx class systems – associativity. The term refers to the ability to form relations (links) between two or more objects (in terms of their selected features), and with the consequence creating an associative (linked) three-dimensional model. The author pays special attention to the very process of creating relations between objects, as it has a key impact on the structural stability of CAD class models, and thus on their susceptibility to possible modifications. To show that not all associativity brings a positive effect, the author presents two examples of its implementation. In order to emphasize the influence of the method of linking individual elements, both examples are based on the same 3D model – a thin-walled part with a positioning pin. That means the geometric form of the default part is the same, whereas only relations of the individual objects of the 3D model change. In the first scenario, correctly defined relations between objects make that the positioning pin offset does not affect the initial design conditions. The second scenario shows an incorrect implementation of associativity, as a result of which the same operation of positioning pin offset gives non-compliance with the initial design conditions and with the consequence an undesirable change in its geometry. The article is an attempt to draw attention to the fact that the associative structure of 3D models is not always equal to the optimal solution. Only the well-thought-out nature of associativity allows to use all its advantages.

scholarly journals DIGITIZATION OF BLOCKS AND VIRTUAL ANASTYLOSIS OF AN ANTIQUE FACADE IN PONT-SAINTE-MAXENCE (FRANCE)

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
E. Alby ◽  
P. Grussenmeyer ◽  
L. Bitard ◽  
S. Guillemin ◽  
V. Brunet-Gaston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Digital Reproduction ◽  
Architectural Knowledge

This paper is dedicated to the digitization of blocks and virtual anastylosis of an antique façade in Pont-Sainte-Maxence (France). In 2014 during the construction of a shopping center, the National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP) discovered a Gallo-Roman site from the 2<sup>nd</sup> century AD. The most interesting part of the site for the study is a façade of 70 meters long by nearly 10 meters high. The state of the conservation of the blocks of the façade makes them exceptional due to the question raised by the collapse. Representative and symbolic blocks of this building have been selected for a virtual anastylosis study. The blocks discovered belong to different types: decorated architectural blocks, monumental statuary elements and details of very fine decorations. The digital reproduction of the façade will facilitate the formulation of hypothesis for the collapse of the structure. The Photogrammetry and Geomatics Group from INSA Strasbourg is in charge of the digitization, the anastylosis and the development of exploratory methods for understanding the ruin of the façade. To develop the three-dimensional model of the facade, approximately 70 blocks of various dimensions were chosen by the archaeologists. The choice of the digitization technique is made according to the following pragmatic criterion: the movable objects are acquired with a scan-arm or a hand-held scanner in the laboratory and the largest blocks are recorded by photogrammetry at the repository near Paris. The expected types of deliverables are multiple: very accurate 3D models with the most faithful representation to document the objects in the best way and with optimized size model allowing easy handling during anastylosis tests. The visual aspect of the models is also a very important issue. Indeed, textures from photos are an excellent way to bring about the realism of the virtual model, but fine details of the object are sometimes blurred by the uniformity of the color of the original material. Acquisition by hand-held scanner does not provide the textures (they must be acquired according to a complementary process). The data types are therefore different depending on the acquisition. The type of rendering of the models depends therefore on precise choices to be defined optimally. After the acquisition, hypothesis for the construction of the façade must be validated and / or adapted by the anastylosis of the digitized blocks. Different cases must be taken into account. First, the reconstruction of broken blocks is done by adjusting the recovered fragments. If all the fragments discovered are close to the initial shape of the block, the process is assimilated to a puzzle of complex surfaces. If the fragments have no contact but are an integral part of the block, the proportion of hypotheses in relation to the contact pieces is changed. And finally, if the blocks are to be assembled together by superposition and thanks to a common plan, as assumed during the construction, the restitution could be based on the positions of discoveries and hypotheses based on the architectural knowledge of this period. Each of these three methods of reconstruction involves different processes. The three-dimensional model will be validated by the positioning of the blocks and extended according to the actual dimensions of the façade. Different collapse scenarios will result from this study.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL PRINTING IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY: COMPARISON OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS AND MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Adhitya Latief ◽  
Pradono Suhardi ◽  
Cholid Badri
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Surgical Guidance ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare fabrication of commonly used three-dimensional (3D) models with original multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scan data for accuracy and precision in reconstruction surgery.Methods: MSCT data from 10 samples are processed and manufactured to be 3D models. Both groups are then measured and analyzed for the purpose of comparison.Results: The average mandibular measurement difference between 3D models and MSCT scans is 0.26 mm more <2%. The final results of the comparison reveal high accuracy in 3D models compared to MSCT scan data.Conclusion: The 3D model could be considered as surgical guidance for maxillofacial reconstruction surgery since it yields highly accurate results.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Excavation Works Using Modern Measuring Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
George POPESCU ◽  
Cosmin Alin POPESCU ◽  
Mihai HERBEI ◽  
Lucian DRAGOMIR ◽  
Adrian SMULEAC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
Preliminary Phase

Modern technology plays a fundamental role in the engineering activities undertaken in day-to-day operations, in order to obtain the necessary material for construction or to obtain certain useful materials that are found near the surface. A special contribution of this branch of terrestrial measurements, of the topography, using modern technology, is materialized by specific studies carried out from a preliminary phase of design of the operation and up to the phase in which the perimeter is ecologized. The present article aims to test and evaluate the accuracy of the data for volumetric measurements of exploited material, using modern technology and specialized software based on topographic altitude, with which we will be able to realize the three-dimensional model of the operating perimeter. For this purpose, an exploitation has been chosen on the appropriate surface, materialized through a case study, with reference to the Doman Quarry, Caras Severin, in which we determined the volumes exploited during the activity period.

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