scholarly journals The state’s responsibility towards entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic for the measures adopted in relation to the epidemic of coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 01037
Author(s):  
Stanislav Bílek ◽  
Zdeněk Caha ◽  
Vendula Velková
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Casual Relation ◽  
The Right

This paper briefly analyses the legislation of the state’s liability for the measures adopted in relation to the epidemic of coronavirus in the period of the state of emergency, it especially deals with the state’s liability for damage accrued upon entrepreneurs in a casual relation to the restriction of the right to engage in enterprise. The aim of the paper is to carry out a legal analysis of liability for damage according to the Crisis Act on one hand, and of liability for damage caused by the terminated measures of the state according to the Act referring to the protection of public health, on the other hand. The paper provides a practical guideline for claiming damages and draws attention to the limits of such claims.

Amendment of the Contravention Code or Defiance of the Constitution by the Exceptional Situations Commission?

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Iulian Rusanovschi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

On 17.03.2020, the Parliament declared a state of emergency on the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova for the period March 17 - May 15, 2020. By the same Decision, the Parliament delegated the Commission for Exceptional Situations with the right to implement a series of measures to overcome the epidemiological situation in the country. However, in the conditions of a functioning Parliament and despite the clear and exhaustive texts of the Constitution, the Commission for Exceptional Situations amended during the state of emergency the Contravention Code, which is an organic law. The amendments specifically concerned the procedure and terms for examining infringement cases brought in connection with non-compliance with the measures adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations and the Extraordinary Commission for Public Health. In the conditions in which an organic law can be modified only by the Parliament, it is obvious the unconstitutionality, at least partial, of the Disposition no. 4 of 24.03.2020 of the Commission for Exceptional Situations, but unfortunately, the Constitutional Court is not mandated with the right to submit to constitutional review the normative acts adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations. Under these conditions, the state is obliged to identify solutions in order not to allow an authority to adopt unconstitutional normative acts that cannot be subject to constitutional review.

scholarly journals Archive Buildings in the Czech Republic After 1990: the “Czech Archival Wonder” and the Present Situation

Atlanti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Marie Ryantová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
State Archives

The paper is concentrated on the explanation of the situation in the Czech Republic, what changed fundamentally after 1990: while before that the archives were situated mostly in the unsuitables old buildings, thereafter, in the period of 10-15 years, many of them were newly adapted (and alternatively supplemented by new depositories) and above all many absolutely new archive purpose-built buildings were constructed. Above all the state archives have got so much better conditions for their activities. Probably nothing like that was be achieved in such short period in the other country. Nowadays, after almost twenty years, the new archive buildings often have to respond to new requirements, or to deal with the question of the upkeep.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Movement Restrictions on the Road Traffic in the Czech Republic during the State of Emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Milan Simunek ◽  
Zdenek Smutny ◽  
Michal Dolezel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Speed ◽  
On The Road

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has impacted numerous areas of people’s work and free-time activities. This article aims to present the main impacts of the COVID-19 movement restrictions on the road traffic in the Czech Republic, measured during the first epidemic wave, i.e., from 12 March to 17 May 2020. The state of emergency was imposed by the Czech government as a de jure measure for coping with the perceived crisis, although the measure eventually resulted only in a quite liberal de facto form of stay-at-home instruction. Unique country-scale traffic data of the first six months of 2020 from 37,002 km of roads, constituting 66% of all roads in the Czech Republic, were collected and analyzed. For the prediction of the prepandemic traffic conditions and their comparison with the measured values in the period of the state of emergency, a long-term traffic speed prediction ensemble model consisting of case-based reasoning, linear regression, and fallback submodels was used. The authors found out that the COVID-19 movement restrictions had a significant impact on the country-wide traffic. Traffic density was reduced considerably in the first three weeks, and the weekly average traffic speed in all road types increased by up to 21%, expectedly due to less crowded roads. The exception was motorways, where a different trend in traffic was found. In sum, during the first three weeks of the state of emergency, people followed government regulations and restrictions and changed their travel behavior accordingly. However, following this period, the traffic gradually returned to the prepandemic state. This occurred three weeks before the state of emergency was terminated. From a behavioral perspective, this article briefly discusses the possible causes of such discrepancies between de jure and de facto pandemic measures, i.e., the governmental communication strategy related to loosening of movement restrictions, media reality, and certain culture-related traits.

scholarly journals Private Archives in the Czech Republic

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Marie Ryantová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Archives

Although private archives are among the most important and often the oldest (e.g., church, aristocratic archives), they are currently a specific group in the Czech Republic. According to the current law, private archives are archives established by natural or legal persons, while they may act as self-contained archives if they achieved the accreditation granted by the Department of Archival Administration of the Ministry of the Interior. The granting of accreditation presupposes the fulfilment of a number of conditions. Currently there are only 11 accredited private archives in the Czech Republic. The accreditation is not mandatory, the other possibility is to take over the private archives into care of their owners, or to deposit these on the basis of a custody agreement in the state archives (which is rather often used). The state archives even perform over both self-contained private archives and the archives administrated by their owners the mandatory supervision.

scholarly journals Analysis of Substance Use and its Relation to the Tax Policy of the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Addictive substances have been part of our lives since historical times. For the Czech Republic, this is especially true of the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol. It has long since been proven that these substances are harmful for the human organism and addiction to such substances has farreaching impacts on the social and economic life of people. On the other hand, revenues to state budgets arising from the taxation of these substances are significant in every country around the world, and to find a balance between the prevention of their use and the revenues of the state is a problem faced by every government. AIM: The aim of this paper is to focus on the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes in the Czech Republic and ascertain its impacts on the revenues of the Czech Republic. METHODS: The sources of data for this research were publicly available from individual ministries of the Czech Republic and from the Czech Statistical Office. Statistical methods were used for the data analysis and interpretation of the findings, including quantitative research, in which basic types of dependency were demonstrated and basic hypotheses were tested. RESULTS: The results have shown that there is a dependency between the number of smokers and excise tax on cigarettes and that there is a dependency between tax revenues from beer and the average wage in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: This shows that the amount of excise tax does not affect substance use in the Czech Republic and these prevention policies are not effective in the Czech setting. On the other hand, a single significant increase in the excise tax rate would perhaps help in the area of prevention but it would not benefit the state treasury of the Czech Republic, as the impact of a higher tax rate on state revenues would be cancelled out by a drop in consumption.

Problem of early elections and dissolution power in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Brunclik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Lower Chamber ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parliamentary Regimes ◽  
The Right

Theory of parliamentary regimes presumes that parliament can express vote of no confidence in government. On the other hand executive power (government or head of state) is endowed with right to dissolve the parliament. However, these “doomsday devices” are not in balance in many parliamentary regimes, including the Czech Republic. On the basis of a comparative analysis of dissolution provisions in the constitutions of European states the article argues that the government in the Czech Republic should be given the right to dissolve the lower chamber at least in case that the latter expresses vote of no confidence in the former.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Central and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Guasti
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new and unparalleled stress-test for the already disrupted liberal-representative, democracies. The challenges cluster around three democratic disfigurations: technocracy, populism, and plebiscitarianism—each have the potential to contribute to democratic decay. Still, they can also trigger pushback against illiberalism mobilizing citizens in defense of democracy, toward democratic resilience. This article looks at how the COVID-19 pandemic affects democratic decay and democratic resilience in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It finds varied responses to the COVID-19 crisis by the CEE populist leaders and identifies two patterns: the rise of autocracy and democratic resilience. First, in Hungary and Poland, the populist leaders instrumentalized the state of emergency to increase executive aggrandizement. Second, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, democracy proved resilient. The COVID-19 pandemic alone is not fostering the rise of authoritarianism. However, it does accentuate existing democratic disfigurations.

Japanese-language videos on YouTube as a source of public health information for COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Yasu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The State ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Spread Of Infection

BACKGROUND Serious public health problems, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause an infodemic. Sources of information that may cause an infodemic include social networking services; YouTube, which consists of content created and uploaded by individuals, is one such source. OBJECTIVE To survey the content and changes in YouTube videos that present public health information about COVID-19 in Japan. METHODS We surveyed YouTube content regarding public health information pertaining to COVID-19 in Japan. YouTube searches were performed on March 6, 2020 (before the state of emergency), April 14 (during the state of emergency), and May 27 (after the state of emergency was lifted), with 136, 113, and 140 sample videos evaluated, respectively. The main outcome measures were: (1) The total number of views for each video, (2) video content, and (3) the usefulness of the video. RESULTS In the 100 most viewed YouTube videos during the three periods, the number of videos on public health information in March was significantly higher than in May (p = .02). Of the 331 unique videos, 9.1% (n = 30) were released by healthcare professionals. Useful videos providing public health information about the prevention of the spread of infection comprised only 13.0% of the sample but were viewed significantly more often than not useful videos (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Individuals need to take care when obtaining information from YouTube before or early in a pandemic, during which time scientific evidence is scarce.

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