Comparison of Biochemical Values of Paired Serum and Plasma Samples from American Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber), Indian Runner Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and Hyacinth Macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri H. Franco ◽  
John P. Hoover ◽  
Kay A. Backues ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Phoenicopterus Ruber

Dehydration and arginine vasotocin and angiotensin II in CSF and plasma of pekin ducks

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. R285-R291 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gray ◽  
E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The State ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Independent Control ◽  
Pekin Ducks

Osmolalities and, by radioimmunoassay, the contents of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and angiotensin II (ANG II) in simultaneously collected cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were determined in chronically prepared conscious Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) adapted to either freshwater (FW ducks) or salt water (2% saline, SW ducks) for drinking. In FW ducks the AVT in CSF was approximately 10-fold higher than in plasma; ANG II concentration in CSF was about two-thirds of that in plasma. In SW ducks concentrations of AVT were increased approximately threefold and of ANG II fourfold in both CSF and plasma. Dehydration in FW ducks (24-48 h) increased AVT and ANG II in both CSF and plasma, the relative rise being greater in plasma. Within 150 min after rehydration plasma AVT fell at unchanged CSF AVT, whereas CSF ANG II fell at unchanged plasma ANG II. Hydration of SW ducks with freshwater had similar effects. The results indicate separate avenues of release of central and systemic AVT and ANG II and support the idea of an independent control of central ANG II as a mediator in osmoregulation, with CSF AVT reflecting the state of osmoregulatory activity of the hypothalamopituitary vasotocinergic system.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Automated Immunoassays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A Hubbard ◽  
K Aaron Geno ◽  
Jenna Khan ◽  
Zbigniew M Szczepiorkowski ◽  
David de Gijsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Sample Stability ◽  
Early Testing ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel member of the coronavirus family that caused the global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The prevalence remains largely unknown because of early testing supply shortages. Although it cannot currently be used to determine level of immunity, antibody testing can contribute to epidemiological studies, identify convalescent plasma donors, or satisfy curiosity about previous exposure to the virus. Methods 407 samples collected from hospitalized inpatients with and without a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 170 remnant clinical specimens collected and frozen prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, and paired serum and plasma samples from 23 convalescent plasma donors were used to determine performance characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Roche Elecsys Anti–SARS-CoV-2 assays. The sensitivity, specificity, imprecision, interferences, and sample stability were determined. These assays were then used to characterize the antibody response in serial samples from 20 SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatients. Results Both assays exhibited 100% specificity (95% CI; 99.05–100.00), giving no positive results in 170 specimens collected before July 2019 and 215 specimens from patients without a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differences between platforms were most notable in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Roche offered higher sensitivity in convalescent plasma donors at 95.7% (95% CI; 78.1–99.9) versus 91.3% (95% CI; 72.0–98.9) but Abbott detected antibodies in 2 immunocompromised patients whereas Roche did not. The Roche and Abbott platforms also exhibited different trends in antibody signal for a subset of patients. Conclusions Both the Abbott and Roche platforms offer excellent specificity but different trends in antibody signal may reflect qualitative differences in the types of antibodies recognized by the 2 assays. Negative serologic results do not exclude previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Unreliability of immunochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 in heparinized plasma.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lum
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Paired Serum

Abstract Paired serum and heparinized plasma samples were assayed simultaneously for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme 1 (LD1) activity by a commercially available immunochemical procedure. For all sera specimens tested, only LD1 activity was detected. For heparinized plasma, random discrepancies in LD1 activity were noted at normal (Group I), borderline (Group II), and increased (Group III) total LD activity. Incomplete precipitation of LD-M subunits was confirmed by electrophoresis and occurred in eight of 15, four of 13, and eight of 22 instances (total: 20/50, or 40%) with a mean difference of 13, 10.6, and 18.2 U/L (8.3, 4.0, and 4.4%) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. We conclude that heparinized plasma is an unsuitable sample for the immunochemical determination of LD1.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Serologic Testing of Cage and Aviary Birds for Chlamydiosis and Suggested Confirmatory Testing

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Grimes ◽  
Francisco Arizmendi ◽  
Craig N. Carter ◽  
Loyd Sneed
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Contingency Table ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chlamydial Antibody ◽  
Paired Serum

A 2 × 2 contingency table was constructed to demonstrate the relationships between detectable Chlamydial antibody activity and clinical health status of tested birds. The table revealed that 65.5% of clinically ill birds were antibody positive by elementary body agglutination (EBA) (≥10 titers) and 59.0% were antibody positive by latex agglutination (LA). Thus, EBA was slightly more sensitive than LA in detecting antibody activity. Of the clinically normal birds, 96.7% were antibody negative (< 10 titers) by EBA and 98.3% were antibody negative by LA. Individual serum or plasma samples from a group of mixed types of psittacine birds and cockatiels were tested as a separate group, and relationships between EBA-detectable antibody activity and health status were obtained from a 2 × 2 contingency table. Sixty-six percnt of birds clinically ill with signs of chlamydiosis in the mixed-type group were antibody positive, whereas only 32.3% of clinically ill cockatiels were antibody positive. Statistical analysis of the contingency table using a chi-square test demonstrated that the EBA test differentiates between individual birds on the basis of health status ( P < 0.001). When testing paired serum or plasma samples by EBA, LA, and direct complement fixation (DCF), the highest percentage of significant (≥ 4–fold change) titer decreases was detected by LA, and the highest percentage of significant titer increases was detected by DCF. Examples of EBA, LA, and DCF titers in paired and multiple serum or plasma samples are presented to show the variety of responses that can occur. Results reflected variations seen in individual testing of birds with titer variability seen in the first sample tested. Additional types of testing believed necessary for confirming or ruling out an infectious process in birds are outlined. The current interpretations of serologic results are given.

Radioimmunoassay of Insulin in Serum and Plasma

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1250-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome M Feldman ◽  
Barbara A Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Insulin Content ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Insulin In Serum ◽  
Paired Serum

Abstract Paired serum and plasma samples from subjects were analyzed to determine if there was a difference in the insulin content of serum and plasma. Although there was no difference in the serum and plasma insulin concentrations in the samples as a group, there were differences in the serum and plasma insulin concentrations in individual subjects. Recovery of radioimmunoassayable insulin from clotted or heparinized blood is less than the recovery from serum or plasma, apparently because of association of insulin with the blood cells. Serum and plasma insulin concentrations are not altered when blood stands at room temperature for as long as 4 h. Storage at -20 °C for 28 months results in similar decreases in the insulin content of serum (74%) and plasma (76%). We conclude that one should consistently use either serum or plasma for insulin measurements in individual patients.

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

Factor XII Determinations in the Presence and Absence of Phospholipid Antibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Jones ◽  
M. Winter ◽  
M. J. Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

SummaryFactor XII (FXII) levels were determined in plasma samples from 29 normal donors, 10 patients with inherited FXII deficiency (all lupus anticoagulant [LA] negative) and 67 LA positive patients, using clotting (FXIIct), chromogenic substrate (FXIIcs) and immunochemical (FXIIag) assays. Excellent correlations were obtained in the three FXII assays with the LA negative samples and between the FXIIcs and FXIIag assays in the LA positive samples. Correlations between both the FXIIcs and FXIIag with FXIIct in the LA positive patients were poor. Of 67 LA positive samples studied, 25 (37.3%) showed lower values in the FXIIct assay; 13 (19.4%) of these patients were pseudo FXII deficient with values of FXII below the lower limit of normal.These results indicate that a diagnosis of FXII deficiency can be made inappropriately in the presence of phospholipid antibodies and that such a diagnosis should not be made by FXIIct assay alone.

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