Injuries to the Hand from Dog Bites

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. GRANT ◽  
H. J. C. R. BELCHER
Keyword(s):  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

A review of dog bite injuries referred to one surgeon over a 12 month period demonstrated a significant association between a delay in referral and a prolonged period of subsequent in-patient treatment. Two patients sustained injuries when delivering material through a letter-box.

Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites among Children Attending Emergency Room in Al-showmely General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Alwan Baiee ◽  
Weli Hatif
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages.Dog bite injuries in children are a preventable health problem.Dog bites are a serious health problem that cause both physical and emotional damage to victims and considerable cost to communities. Studies on dog bites among Iraqi children were very scarce.This study focuses on theincidence,mechanisms,and epidemiologicalcircumstances ofdog biteinjuriesin a series of pediatric patients who sustained dog bites in emergency Room. MethodologyA cross sectional study was designed to studyall cases of dog bites attending the emergency room in AL-Showmely General Hospital located in the southern district – Babylon province-Iraq, during the period ; from the January, first,2017 through theend of March, 2018.Special constructed were prepared to collect data through interview of victims or their companions who attended the emergency section during this period,ethical clearances were obtained.*A total of 320 children presented to the hospital with dog bite injuries.The incidence rate of dog bites was 275 per 100000 population, the male to female ratio was 3:1.the most common dog bite injuries took place in September44 (13.75%). Injury rates were highest in those aged 0-4,declining thereafter with age. In the 6-10, year age group141 (44.1%), most of cases living in rural district (villages). The most affected location were lower limbs, only 3.4% of the injured children had completed the post exposure anti rabies vaccine. Dog bites are common health problem among children,Children who are younger than 10 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. very few of them had complete the prophylactic post exposure vaccine Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on public education,training health care providers and controlling stray dogs.

Pattern and Outcome of Dog Bite Injuries among Children-a Study in 200 Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Md Waliur Rahman ◽  
◽  
Md Habibullah Sarkar ◽  
Samir Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md Joynal Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Bite Injuries

Introduction: Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem. Globally, millions of people are bitten by dogs but most of the fatal cases occur in children. Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. As rabies is not a notifiable disease in Bangladesh and most deaths occur in rural areas where surveillance is poor. Objectives: To determine the pattern of dog bite injuries and associated health problems among children. Methods: The study was an observational retrospective study carried out at the Dept. of General Surgery, Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. The study reviewed the clinical data of patients managed for dog bite related injuries and rabies over a four and half year period between January 2016 and June 2020. A proforma was designed to extract relevant clinical data from the case records. Information extracted included the age, sex of the victims, site of the bite, time of presentation in the hospital, pre-hospital treatment, hospital treatment including post-exposure prophylaxis and complication. Results: In all, 200 cases of dog bite injuries were managed constituting 0.89% of the total consultations; 5 (2.5%) had rabies. Most of the victims were aged 6-12 years (55.0%) and majority (67.0%) was boys. Eighty two percent of the victims presented within 24hrs of the injury. 92 (46.0%) had WHO grade 3 dog bite injury at presentation and the lower limb was the commonest (56.0%) bite site. Use of herbal preparation was the most common pre-hospital treatment 60%. Although 95.0% received anti-rabies vaccine, only 55.5% of them completed the vaccination schedule. The case fatality rate for dog bite was 5.0%. The 5 that died all presented late, had no post exposure prophylaxis and died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: There is need for public enlightenment on dangers associated with dog bites and also for the government to ensure vaccination for cost of post exposure prophylaxis treatment for children free of cost

scholarly journals The changing epidemiology of dog bite injuries in the United States, 2005–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Tuckel ◽  
William Milczarski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

Abstract Background In 2018, the most recent year for which data are available, dog bites ranked as the 13th leading cause of nonfatal emergency department visits in the United States. As dog ownership spirals upwards in the United States, it is important to continue to monitor the epidemiology of dog bite injuries. This study provides contemporary data on the incidence of dog bites injuries in the United States and in New York and profiles individuals who have been treated for dog bites in emergency departments. The study also examines the demographic correlates of the rate of injuries at the neighborhood level in New York City and maps the rate in each neighborhood. Methods At the national level, the study examines longitudinal data on dog bite injuries from 2005 to 2018 gathered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For New York, the study analyzes data for 2005–2018 collected by the New York State Department of Health. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed on the state data to measure the simultaneous effects of demographic variables on the incidence of dog-related injuries. A thematically shaded map of the rate of dog bite injuries in New York City’s neighborhoods was created to identify neighborhoods with higher-than-average concentration of injuries. Results In both the United States and New York the rate of dog-bite injuries increased from 2005 to 2011 and then underwent a significant decline. Injuries due to dog bites, however, still remain a sizable public health problem. Injuries are more prevalent among school-age children, inhabitants of less-densely populated areas, and residents of poorer neighborhoods. In New York City, poorer neighborhoods are also associated with fewer dogs being spayed or neutered. Conclusions To reduce the rate of dog bite injuries, prevention programs – particularly those which center on teaching the dangers of canine interactions with humans – should be targeted at children. Dog bite injuries tend to be clustered in identifiable neighborhoods. Dog bite prevention programs and stricter enforcement of dog laws can target these neighborhoods.

scholarly journals “As long as the patient tells you it was a dog that bit him, why do you need to know more?” A qualitative study of how healthcare workers apply clinical guidelines to treat dog bite injuries in selected hospitals in Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254650
Author(s):  
Stevens Kisaka ◽  
Fredrick E. Makumbi ◽  
Samuel Majalija ◽  
Alexander Kagaha ◽  
S. M. Thumbi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog-mediated rabies is on the increase in Uganda despite the availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP procedures are expounded in the Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG) of 2016. We assessed adherence by health workers to UCG while managing dog bites in two PEP centers and obtained insights into motivations of their practices. Using qualitative methods, we observed the health worker-patient encounters, reviewed medical records, and interviewed 14 health workers that were involved in managing dog bite injuries. We used deductive thematic analysis to identify codes in themes developed from UCG. We found that much of the history of the bites was taken, but it was neither verified nor written down on the patient’s file. Classification of wounds was inaccurate and ancillary laboratory assessments like culture and sensitivity tests were not conducted in all cases. Although antibiotics were given for both treatment and prophylactic purposes, the prescription was based on availability and affordability, not UCG recommendations. Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) was not administered to deserving patients due to unavailability and high costs to the patient. Anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) was prescribed indiscriminately and some health workers attributed this to pressure from patients. Health education regarding prevention of dog bites was not given to patients due to time constraints on the side of the providers as a result of high caseloads at the emergency departments. Challenges to adherence to guidelines were identified as frequent ARV stock outs; inadequate cooperation among health facilities; and insufficient knowledge and skills on how injuries and rabies should be managed. We conclude that clinical management of dog bites is not fully in line with UCG. We argue that adoption of an integrated bite case management and cost-saving strategies as well as continuing medical education programs on rabies control and management could improve the clinical management of dog bites.

Dog Bites in Urban Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Avner ◽  
M. Douglas Baker
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bite Injuries

As a result of a perceived increase in pit bull injuries, all children who presented to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia during 1989 for evaluation of dog bite injuries were prospectively studied. Epidemiologic information was collected from parents, either at the time of visit or by phone on the following day. A total of 168 children were enrolled; the mean age was 8 years. Males outnumbered females 1.5:1. Most (61%) injuries occurred in or around the home and involved dogs known to the patient (77%). Types of injuries included abrasions (33%), punctures (29%), and lacerations (38%). Thirteen bites had associated complications; nine developed infection. Twelve (7%) children required admission to the hospital. More than 12 different purebreeds or crossbreeds were identified as perpetrators, including German shepherds (n = 35), pit bulls (n = 33), rottweilers (n = 9), and Dobermans (n = 7). Most (54%) animals were contained (ie, leashed, fenced, in-house) at the time of injury. Fewer (46%) were provoked prior to biting. Significantly more pit bull injuries (94% vs 43%, P < .001) were the consequence of unprovoked attacks and involved freely roaming animals (67% vs 41%, P < .01). Children aged 5 or younger were more likely to provoke animals prior to injury than were older children (69% vs 36%, P < .001). It is recommended that families with young children be the target of pet safety education and that measures be sought that would lead to early identification of a potentially dangerous dog and restrict ownership.

scholarly journals The Changing Epidemiology of Dog Bite Injuries in the United States, 2005-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tuckel ◽  
William Milczarski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Bite Injuries

Abstract Background: In 2018, the most recent year for which data are available, dog bites ranked as the 13th leading cause of nonfatal emergency department visits in the United States. As dog ownership spirals upwards in the United States, it is important to continue to monitor the epidemiology of dog bite injuries. This study provides contemporary data on the incidence of dog bites injuries in the United States and in New York and profiles individuals who have been treated for dog bites in emergency departments. The study also examines the demographic correlates of the rate of injuries at the neighborhood level in New York City and maps the rate in each neighborhood.Methods: At the national level, the study examines longitudinal data on dog bite injuries from 2005-2018 gathered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For New York, the study analyzes data for 2005-2018 collected by the New York State Department of Health. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed on the state data to measure the simultaneous effects of demographic variables on the incidence of dog-related injuries. A thematically shaded map of the rate of dog bite injuries in New York City’s neighborhoods was created to identify neighborhoods with higher-than-average concentration of injuries. Results: In both the United States and New York the rate of dog-bite injuries increased from 2005 to 2011 and then underwent a significant decline. Injuries due to dog bites, however, still remain a sizable public health problem. Injuries are more prevalent among school-age children, inhabitants of less-densely populated areas, and residents of poorer neighborhoods. In New York City, poorer neighborhoods are also associated with fewer dogs being spayed or neutered. Conclusions: To reduce the rate of dog bite injuries, prevention programs – particularly those which center on teaching the dangers of canine interactions with humans – should be targeted at children. Dog bite injuries tend to be clustered in identifiable neighborhoods. Dog bite prevention programs and stricter enforcement of dog laws can target these neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Pediatric patients with dog bites presenting to US children’s hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Ramgopal ◽  
Michelle L. Macy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Bite Injuries

Abstract Background To characterize pediatric dog bite injuries presenting to US children’s hospitals and identify factors associated with clinically significant injuries. Methods We performed a multicenter observational study from 26 pediatric hospitals between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2020, including patients ≤ 18 years with dog bites, consolidating together encounters from patients with multiple encounters within 30 days as a single episode of care. We characterized diagnoses and procedures performed in these patients. We used generalized linear mixed models to identify factors associated with a composite outcome that we term clinically significant injuries (defined as admission, operating room charge, sedation, fractures/dislocations, intracranial/eye injury, skin/soft tissue infection, or in-hospital mortality). Results 68,833 episodes were included (median age 6.6 years [interquartile range 3.5–10.4 years], 55.5% male) from 67,781 patients. We identified 16,502 patients (24.0%) with clinically significant injuries, including 6653 (9.7%) admitted, 5080 (7.4%) managed in the operating room, 11,685 (17.0%) requiring sedation, 493 (0.7%) with a skull fracture, 32 (0.0%) with a fracture in the neck or trunk, 389 (0.6%) with a fracture of the upper limb, 51 (0.1%) with a fracture in the lower limb, 15 (0.0%) with dislocations, 66 (0.1%) with an intracranial injury and 164 (0.2%) with an injury to the eyeball, 3708 (5.4%) with skin/soft tissue infections, and 5 (0.0%) with in-hospital mortality. In multivariable analysis, younger age (0–4 years, 5–9 years, and 10–14 years relative to 15–18 years), weekday injuries, and an income in the second and third quartiles (relative to the lowest quartile) had higher odds of clinically significant injuries. Black patients (relative to White), Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and private insurance status (relative to public insurance) had lower odds of clinically important injuries. When evaluating individual components within the composite outcome, most followed broader trends. Conclusion Dog bites are an important mechanism of injury encountered in children’s hospitals. Using a composite outcome measure, we identified younger, White, non-Hispanic children at higher risk of clinically significant injuries. Findings with respect to race and ethnicity and dog bite injuries warrant further investigation. Results can be used to identify populations for targeted prevention efforts to reduce severe dog bite injuries.

More on Dog-Bite Injuries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
G. -M. LACKMANN ◽  
U. TÖLLNER
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The Face ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
Bite Injuries

To the Editor.— With great interest we have read the article by Avner and Baker1 about dog bites in urban children. We would like to add some results of our own investigations. In childhood, the face is the most frequent site of dog-bite injuries. Gonnering2 described a "central target region," consisting of nose, mouth, and periorbital region, which is afflicted in up to 78% of all children suffering dog bites. In 1990, we studied the clinical course and follow-up of 16 children aged 18 months to 14 years who were treated surgically at our hospital because of facial dog-bite injuries.3

scholarly journals Dog bite injuries in the USA: prevalence, correlates and recent trends

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J Holzer ◽  
Michael G Vaughn ◽  
Vithya Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bite-related injuries are associated with high medical costs. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, correlates and recent trends in dog bite injuries among male and female individuals presenting to US emergency departments. The prevalence of dog bites was calculated for years 2010–2014 using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted with ‘dog bite’ as the dependent variable and patient and hospital characteristics as independent variables. Overall, the prevalence of dog bite injuries decreased from 2010 to 2014. The prevalence is highest in this sample among male youth. Male individuals diagnosed with an externalising behaviour disorder were more likely to present with a dog bite (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.30). While the prevalence of dog bites has decreased in recent years, this costly and largely preventable injury remains a concern, especially among youth.

scholarly journals Insights about the Epidemiology of Dog Bites in a Canadian City Using a Dog Aggression Scale and Administrative Data

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Melanie Rock ◽  
Olivia Schmidtz ◽  
Doug Anderson ◽  
Melissa Parkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The City ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are a public health concern that also implicates animal welfare, with negative outcomes such as rehoming or euthanasia for the animals responsible. Previous research has shown that the severity of dog-bite injuries reflects multiple factors, including the degree of inhibition exhibited by dogs and how people behave towards dogs. This study utilizes an objective dog bite injury assessment tool: The Dunbar aggression scale. Trained officers employed by The City of Calgary systematically use the Dunbar scale whenever investigating dog-bite complaints. We analyzed The City of Calgary’s administrative data on confirmed dog-bite injuries in people, 2012–2017, with a multivariable generalized ordered logistic regression model. Severe dog-bite injuries occurred more frequently in the family home than in any other setting. Young children, youths and older adults were at higher risk of more serious bites than adults. There has been a decreasing trend in the probability of a high or medium severity bite, and an increasing trend in the probability of a low severity bite since 2012. These results indicate that greater public awareness regarding dog-bite injuries is needed. Consideration should be given to campaigns targeted towards different demographics, including older adults, to provide an understanding of dog behaviour and to emphasize the need to supervise children closely in the presence of all dogs at all times, including family dogs in the home environment. Given that dog-bite injuries are not just a public health issue, but also an animal welfare issue, we endorse One Health responses in educational campaigns, policy development, and professional practice.

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