An individually adjusted endurance test reveals differences in physical fitness between young and old Beagles

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Maray Willen ◽  
Malin Lorke ◽  
Patrick Wefstaedt ◽  
Karin Lucas ◽  
Ingo Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective Aim was to establish an individually adapted endurance test for dogs on a treadmill, which takes the individual‘s physical condition into account. To check the applicability of the test, two age groups of clinically healthy beagles were examined. Methods A total of 10 clinically healthy Beagles were enrolled and divided in a younger (1–3 years, n = 5) and older group (> 8 years, n = 5). The individual comfort gait speed of each dog was determined on a treadmill with integrated force plates. A maximal time of 20 minutes at trot was set for the endurance test. The test was terminated prematurely if the dog showed signs of fatigue (massive panting, unwillingness to move further). Blood samples were taken at general examination (G), prior to (B) and post exercise (P) for determination of lactate level (LL), oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pO2, pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3 –), base excess (BE) and pH. On each occasion (G, B, P) heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded. Additionally, vertical ground reaction forces (Fz) were analysed. Results The older dogs (age: 10.4 ± 0.89 years) completed the test with less speed and duration compared to the younger dogs (age: 2.4 ± 0.89 years), which managed to complete the maximum time. Lactate levels in the older dogs were higher than in the younger dogs at all timepoints of examination. Contrary to the younger dogs, there was no significant increase in the heart rate of the older dogs. Ground reaction forces were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance Whereas standardised endurance tests allow for the comparison of fitness levels between dogs, an individually adjusted endurance test aims at objectively determining the physical fitness of the single dog taking into account its individual performance. Such a test allows to examine the individual performance development over time and to evaluate medicinal therapies or dietary measures, e. g. in aging dogs. HR, RR, LL, blood gases (pCO2, pO2) and acid-base metabolism (HCO3 –, BE, pH) were found to be appropriate parameters for determining the physical capacity of the dogs during endurance tests as these parameters change under physical stress and are indicative for the onset of fatigue.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Kinetics Response of Pre-Pubertal Children during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test—Level 1

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Brito ◽  
Luís Fernandes ◽  
António Rebelo ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Test Level

This study analyzed heart rate (HR) kinetics during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test—level 1 (Yo-Yo IE1) in children. At the middle of the school year, 107 boys (7–10 years old) performed the Yo-Yo IE1. Individual HR curves during the Yo-Yo IE1 were analyzed to detect an inflection point between an initial phase of fast rise in HR, and a second phase in which the rise of HR is slower. The 7th shuttle of the test was established as the inflection point. Engagement with extra-school sports practice was identified. Percentile groups (P1, P2 and P3) were created for body weight and physical fitness data composite (PFcomposite). Differences were found between the slopes of P1 and P3 on phase 1 for body weight (12.5 ± 2.7 vs. 13.7 ± 2.0 bpm/shuttle; p = 0.033; d = 0.50) and PFcomposite (14.2 ± 2.5 vs. 12.5 ± 2.0 bpm/shuttle; p = 0.015; d = 0.75). Time spent >95% of peak HR was longer for the children engaged with extra-school sports practice (335 ± 158 vs. 234 ± 124 s; p < 0.001; d = 0.71); differences were also detected for PFcomposite (P1, P2 and P3: 172 ± 92, 270 ± 109, and 360 ± 157 s, respectively; p < 0.05; d = 0.66–1.46). This study indicates that physical fitness and body weight influence HR kinetics during the Yo-Yo IE1 in pre-pubertal boys.

scholarly journals Development and Assessment of an Incremental Fatigue Protocol for Contemporary Dance

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Rosanne Coutts ◽  
Wendy Gilleard ◽  
Michael Hennessy ◽  
Aaron Silk ◽  
Gary Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Reaction Forces

Nine trained contemporary dancers performed a modality-specific, heart-rate-monitored, choreographed fatiguing dance protocol with an assumption of fatigue at volitional exhaustion (RPE 16). Postural stability was assessed as the variability of ground reaction forces and the centre of pressure during the performance of a flat-foot arabesque. Psychological response was assessed using self-reported fatigue, psychological distress (PD), and psychological well-being (PWB) (Subjective Exercise Experience Scale). After reaching RPE 16 in 15.7 ± 2.6 mins, heart rate decreased to the post-warm-up level within 64 ± 9 sec. Variability of ground reaction forces or the centre of pressure was not changed. There were no significant changes in fatigue, psychological distress, or psychological well-being. Within fatigue, there was a significant increase in the item tired (p = 0.04). As supported by the heart rate data and RPE, the protocol achieved an appropriate level of physical demand. No changes in the stability indices were observed, possibly attributed to the rapid recovery in heart rate. The expression of only tiredness suggests the use of a disassociative attentional style by the dancers. The project represents pilot work toward the validation of a monitoring process that supports dancer health and awareness training.

Biomechanical Analysis of Manual Lifting Tasks

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kromodihardjo ◽  
A. Mital
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Human Spine ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lifting Task

This paper presents the findings of a study conducted to determine peak forces generated in the human spine while the individual is engaged in lifting maximum acceptable weight. Calculations of forces and moments, acting on each body segment, were based on film data collected on four individuals for twelve variations of the manual lifting task. The variations were defined by: (i) box-size (three different boxes were used), (ii) presence or absence of handles, and (iii) symmetry and asymmetry of the lifting task (sagittal and nonsagittal lifting). In general, lower loads were accepted for lift when lifting asymmetrically or when lifting boxes without handles or when lifting bigger boxes. However, peak forces (compressive and shear forces in the spine and ground reaction forces) for these situations were not always lower than those generated when handling either compact boxes or boxes with handles or when lifting boxes symmetrically in the sagittal plane. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that lifting loads asymmetrically or in boxes without handles or in bulky boxes is relatively much more stressful than lifting the same load symmetrically or in boxes with handles or in compact boxes.

Effect of amiodarone on heart rate variability in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (clinical observation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
E. P. Popova ◽  
O. T. Bogova ◽  
S. N. Puzin ◽  
D. A. Sychyov ◽  
V. P. Fisenko
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
The Individual

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability gives an idea of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of chronotropic heart function. This method can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy. Drug therapy should be carried out taking into account the individual clinical form of atrial fibrillation. Information about the vegetative status of the patient will undoubtedly increase the effectiveness of treatment. In this study, spectral parameters were studied in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. The effect of antiarrhythmic drug class III amiodarone on the spectral parameters of heart rate variability was studied.

Pengaruh Kesesuaian Tugas-Teknologi, Kepercayaan dan Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Terhadap Kinerja Individu pada Pasar Swalayan di Kota Tangerang

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
Agnes Ashianti ◽  
Albertus Fani
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Task Technology Fit ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Systems Effectiveness

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of task-technology fit, trust of accounting information systems, and effectiveness of accounting information systems on the individual performance at a supermarket in Tangerang city.  The samples in this study were employees of a supermarket in Tangerang city who used accounting information system in doing its job. The data used in this study is primary data through questionnaires. In data analysis techniques, this study test the reliability of the formula coefficient of Cronbach 's Alpha, validity test by means of correlation using the r counted and r table, test for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the classical assumption, hypothesis testing multiple linear regression, t test, and F test. The results showed that the task-technology fit and trust of accounting information systems each have a significant effect on the individual performance, while the effectiveness of accounting information systems does not significantly influence the individual performance. Task-technology fit, trust of accounting information systems, and the effectiveness of accounting information systems have simultaneous significant effect on the individual performance. Keyword: Task-Technology Fit, Trust of Accounting Information Systems, Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems, Individual Performance..

scholarly journals Running ground reaction forces across footwear conditions are predicted from the motion of two body mass components

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1315-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Udofa ◽  
Kenneth P. Clark ◽  
Laurence J. Ryan ◽  
Peter G. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Force Time

Although running shoes alter foot-ground reaction forces, particularly during impact, how they do so is incompletely understood. Here, we hypothesized that footwear effects on running ground reaction force-time patterns can be accurately predicted from the motion of two components of the body’s mass (mb): the contacting lower-limb (m1 = 0.08mb) and the remainder (m2 = 0.92mb). Simultaneous motion and vertical ground reaction force-time data were acquired at 1,000 Hz from eight uninstructed subjects running on a force-instrumented treadmill at 4.0 and 7.0 m/s under four footwear conditions: barefoot, minimal sole, thin sole, and thick sole. Vertical ground reaction force-time patterns were generated from the two-mass model using body mass and footfall-specific measures of contact time, aerial time, and lower-limb impact deceleration. Model force-time patterns generated using the empirical inputs acquired for each footfall matched the measured patterns closely across the four footwear conditions at both protocol speeds ( r2 = 0.96 ± 0.004; root mean squared error  = 0.17 ± 0.01 body-weight units; n = 275 total footfalls). Foot landing angles (θF) were inversely related to footwear thickness; more positive or plantar-flexed landing angles coincided with longer-impact durations and force-time patterns lacking distinct rising-edge force peaks. Our results support three conclusions: 1) running ground reaction force-time patterns across footwear conditions can be accurately predicted using our two-mass, two-impulse model, 2) impact forces, regardless of foot strike mechanics, can be accurately quantified from lower-limb motion and a fixed anatomical mass (0.08mb), and 3) runners maintain similar loading rates (ΔFvertical/Δtime) across footwear conditions by altering foot strike angle to regulate the duration of impact. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we validate a two-mass, two-impulse model of running vertical ground reaction forces across four footwear thickness conditions (barefoot, minimal, thin, thick). Our model allows the impact portion of the impulse to be extracted from measured total ground reaction force-time patterns using motion data from the ankle. The gait adjustments observed across footwear conditions revealed that runners maintained similar loading rates across footwear conditions by altering foot strike angles to regulate the duration of impact.

scholarly journals Low ventilatory responsiveness to transient hypoxia or breath-holding predicts fast marathon performance in healthy middle-aged and older men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Paleczny ◽  
Rafał Seredyński ◽  
Małgorzata Wyciszkiewicz ◽  
Adrianna Nowicka-Czudak ◽  
Wojciech Łopusiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreflex ◽  
Sympathetic Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Marathon Performance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the utility of haemodynamic and autonomic variables (e.g. peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity [PCheS], blood pressure variability [BPV]) for the prediction of individual performance (marathon time and VO2max) in older men. The post-competition vasodilation and sympathetic vasomotor tone predict the marathon performance in younger men, but their prognostic relevance in older men remains unknown. The peripheral chemoreflex restrains exercise-induced vasodilation via sympathetically-mediated mechanism, what makes it a plausible candidate for the individual performance marker. 23 men aged ≥ 50 year competing in the Wroclaw Marathon underwent an evaluation of: resting haemodynamic parameters, PCheS with two methods: transient hypoxia and breath-holding test (BHT), cardiac barosensitivity, heart rate variability (HRV) and BPV, plasma renin and aldosterone, VO2max in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). All tests were conducted twice: before and after the race, except for transient hypoxia and CPET which were performed once, before the race. Fast marathon performance and high VO2max were correlated with: low ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia (r =  − 0.53, r = 0.67, respectively) and pre-race BHT (r =  − 0.47, r = 0.51, respectively), (1) greater SD of beat-to-beat SBP (all p < 0.05). Fast performance was related with an enhanced pre-race vascular response to BHT (r =  − 0.59, p = 0.005). The variables found by other studies to predict the marathon performance in younger men: post-competition vasodilation, sympathetic vasomotor tone (LF-BPV) and HRV were not associated with the individual performance in our population. The results suggest that PCheS (ventilatory response) predicts individual performance (marathon time and VO2max) in men aged ≥ 50 yeat. Although cause-effect relationship including the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in restraining the post-competition vasodilation via the sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow may be hypothesized to underline these findings, the lack of correlation between individual performance and both, the post-competition vasodilation and the sympathetic vasomotor tone argues against such explanation. Vascular responsiveness to breath-holding appears to be of certain value for predicting individual performance in this population, however.

Peer Effects on Individual Performance in a Team Sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 152700252110003
Author(s):  
Mariia Molodchik ◽  
Sofiia Paklina ◽  
Petr Parshakov
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Marginal Benefit ◽  
The Individual

The paper investigates the variety of peer effects on individual performance in a team sport. The individual performance of more than 5,000 soccer players, from 234 teams, between 2010 and 2015, is measured with the help of the FIFA video game simulator developed by EA Sports. The study reveals positive peer effects on individual performance although the marginal benefit decreases. Additionally, team cohesion contributes to an improvement of players’ ranking.

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