Safety Aspects of Perinatal Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar Sande ◽  
Klaus-Vitold Jenderka ◽  
Carmel M. Moran ◽  
Susana Marques ◽  
J. F. Jimenez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Safety Committee ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Safety Considerations

AbstractUltrasound safety is of particular importance in fetal and neonatal scanning. Fetal tissues are vulnerable and often still developing, the scanning depth may be low, and potential biological effects have been insufficiently investigated. On the other hand, the clinical benefit may be considerable. The perinatal period is probably less vulnerable than the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, and ultrasound is often a safer alternative to other diagnostic imaging modalities. Here we present step-by-step procedures for obtaining clinically relevant images while maintaining ultrasound safety. We briefly discuss the current status of the field of ultrasound safety, with special attention to the safety of novel modalities, safety considerations when ultrasound is employed for research and education, and ultrasound of particularly vulnerable tissues, such as the neonatal lung. This CME is prepared by ECMUS, the safety committee of EFSUMB, with contributions from OB/GYN clinicians with a special interest in ultrasound safety.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Kristin Entzian ◽  
Achim Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Safety Considerations

Conventional cancer chemotherapies often exhibit insufficient therapeutic outcomes and dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutics and formulations with higher efficacy, improved safety, and more favorable toxicological profiles. This has promoted the development of nanomedicines, including systems for drug delivery, but also for imaging and diagnostics. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome several biological barriers to improving efficiency and reducing toxicity. In addition, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are able to release their payload on demand at the tumor tissue site, preventing premature drug loss. This review focuses on ultrasound-triggered drug delivery by nanocarriers as a versatile, cost-efficient, non-invasive technique for improving tissue specificity and tissue penetration, and for achieving high drug concentrations at their intended site of action. It highlights aspects relevant for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, including ultrasound parameters and resulting biological effects. Then, concepts in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery are introduced and a comprehensive overview of several types of nanoparticles used for this purpose is given. This includes an in-depth compilation of the literature on the various in vivo ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems. Finally, toxicological and safety considerations regarding ultrasound-mediated drug delivery with nanocarriers are discussed.

From ERP to Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture

2011 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Valentin Nicolescu ◽  
Holger Wittges ◽  
Helmut Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Enterprise Software ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Modern Enterprise ◽  
Flexible Architecture ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The One

This chapter provides an overview of past and present development in technical platforms of ERP systems and its use in enterprises. Taking into consideration the two layers of application and technology, we present the classical scenario of an ERP system as a monolithic application block. As the demands of modern enterprise software cannot be met by this concept, the shift to a more flexible architecture like the service-oriented architecture (SOA) is the current status quo of modern companies. Keeping in mind the administrative complexity of such structures, we will discuss the new idea of business Webs. The purpose of our chapter is, on the one hand, to show the historical development of ERP system landscapes and, on the other hand, to show the comparison of the presented concepts with respect to application and technology view.

Is Medical Informatics an Art or a Science?

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (06) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
R. Haux ◽  
A. Hasman ◽  
A. T. McCray ◽  
J. van der Lei
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Research And Education

Summary Objective: To give an introduction to the special topic on ‘Medical Informatics: Art or Sciene?‘ in honor of Prof. Dr. Jan Hendrik van Bemmel. Method: Retrospective, personal review on his work. Results and Conclusions: Jan H. van Bemmel contributed exceptionally to research and education as well as to systematizing and promoting medical informatics. Details are provided in this and the other papers of this special topic of Methods of Information in Medicine.

scholarly journals The Globular Cluster System of M31

2002 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
P. Jablonka
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Cluster System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Globular Cluster System

This review presents the current status of our knowledge of M31 star clusters. Given the broadness of the subject, I chose to focus on some of its aspects which are not covered by the other participants in this conference.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Three Ear Tag Formulations for Control of Flies on Beef Cattle, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
R. W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Horn Flies

Abstract Three herds (36-122 head per herd) of Angus cattle (cow-calf or yearling heifers) located at the Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, MD, were tagged with one of three ear tag formulations. On 17 May one of the herds was tagged with Optimizer tags (2 per head) and on 2 Jun the other 2 herds were tagged with Python tags (2 per head) or experimental YT-615 tags (1 per head). A herd of mixed-breed beef cattle located approximately 4 km from the treated cattle served as an untreated control. Fly density was determined by making biweekly counts on 15 cattle in each of the herds. Counts were made ol face flies/face, horn flies/animal, and stable flies/4 legs. Two (Optimizer herd) or 3 (other 2 herds) pretreatment and 11 or 10 posttreatment counts were made.

The Effects of the 1906 Earthquake in California on Research and Education

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 207-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reitherman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Earthquake Research ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Education Effects ◽  
First And Second Generation

The great earthquake that struck on 18 April 1906 and caused a disaster also forged the first link in a chain of research and education effects that extended over the following decades. Now, with a century of hindsight, we have an advantageous point from which to view that earthquake and the developments it parented. We also face two disadvantages. One is that first-hand accounts and obscure documents are either lost or hard to find. The other is that while the centennial of the earthquake has prompted celebration and promotion activities, however appropriate they may be for advancing seismic safety, a different attitude is required for an objective historical review. The research reported here was conducted within such a critical frame of mind, but the final conclusion is not that the research and education impacts of the 1906 earthquake are overrated. Rather, several unacknowledged developments stemming from the earthquake are brought to light. While the first- and second-generation effects constituted a wave of influence that has largely passed by a century later, the tide today in the earthquake research and education field is still persistently higher than it would be if the 1906 earthquake had not occurred.

scholarly journals Developing Astronomy Research and Education in the Philippines

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 568-568
Author(s):  
R. M. D. Sese ◽  
M. B. N. (Thijs) Kouwenhoven
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Education Outreach ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics

AbstractIn the past few years, the Philippines has been gradually developing its research and educational capabilities in astronomy and astrophysics. In terms of astronomy development, it is still lagging behind several neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, while it is advanced with respect to several others. One of the main issues hampering progress is the scarcity of trained professional Filipino astronomers, as well as long-term visions for astronomy development. Here, we will be presenting an overview of astronomy education and research in the country. We will discuss the history and current status of astronomy in the Philippines, including all levels of education, outreach and awareness activities, as well as potential areas for research and collaborations. We also discuss issues that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable astronomy development in the Philippines. Finally, we discuss several ongoing and future programs aimed at promoting astronomy research and education. In essence, the work is a precursor of a possible white paper which we envision to submit to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the near future, with which we aim to further convince the authorities of the importance of astrophysics. With the support of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), this may eventually lead to the creation of a separate astronomy agency in the Philippines.

scholarly journals UVB Dose Optimization for Phototherapy in Vitamin D Deficiency : Profile Analysis of Vitamin D, TNF-α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-754
Author(s):  
Cynthia Arsita ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Atina Hussaana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Post Radiation

Background : UVB radiation responsible for the most important biological effects including Vitamin D3 synthesis and inflammation. UVB radiation are absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells resulting in production of cis-previtamin D3. In the other hand, an exposure to UVB leads to cutaneous tissue inflammation modulates by TNF-α which also increases platelet activating factor. VEGF and PDGF induced by TNF-α during wound healing, characterized with angiogenesis and reephitalization. Furthermore, vitamin D plays a role in inflammation inhibition and upregulates growth factors. However, the study of the mechanism has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Methods: This study uses post test only group design, subjected wistar rats divided into four groups. Control group, non irradiated with UVB, and the other three groups, treated with graded UVB dose started with 1 MED (50 mJ/cm2), 2 MED (100mJ/cm2) and 3 MED (150 mJ/cm2) and investigated at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post UVB irradiation. Result : The serum level of vitamin D, VEGF and PDGF were increasing due to UVB dose addition. The highest level was reached at 6 hours post radiation using 3 MED, which gradually decrease up to 48 hours (p =0,000). The rise of vitamin D after UVB radiation, inhibit TNF-α induction in every dose accordant UVB dose addition and the lowest level is using 3 MED at 12 hours post radiation (p =0,000). TNF-α reach its highest level at 24 hours post radiation using 1 MED, it is related with the acute phase of inflammation. Conclusion : This study reveal that higher UVB irradiance increases vitamin D and inhibit TNF-α which also promotes VEGF and PDGF. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.749-754

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence: reshaping the practice of radiological sciences in the 21st century

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1106) ◽  
pp. 20190855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam El Naqa ◽  
Masoom A Haider ◽  
Maryellen L Giger ◽  
Randall K Ten Haken
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Computer Aided Detection ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Software Platforms

Advances in computing hardware and software platforms have led to the recent resurgence in artificial intelligence (AI) touching almost every aspect of our daily lives by its capability for automating complex tasks or providing superior predictive analytics. AI applications are currently spanning many diverse fields from economics to entertainment, to manufacturing, as well as medicine. Since modern AI’s inception decades ago, practitioners in radiological sciences have been pioneering its development and implementation in medicine, particularly in areas related to diagnostic imaging and therapy. In this anniversary article, we embark on a journey to reflect on the learned lessons from past AI’s chequered history. We further summarize the current status of AI in radiological sciences, highlighting, with examples, its impressive achievements and effect on re-shaping the practice of medical imaging and radiotherapy in the areas of computer-aided detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and decision support. Moving beyond the commercial hype of AI into reality, we discuss the current challenges to overcome, for AI to achieve its promised hope of providing better precision healthcare for each patient while reducing cost burden on their families and the society at large.

Lung hyaluronan during development: a quantitative and morphological study

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. H1449-H1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Allen ◽  
E. Gunnar Sedin ◽  
A. Jonzon ◽  
A. F. Wells ◽  
T. C. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Visceral Pleura ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Important Constituent ◽  
Migrating Cells

Hyaluronan, an important constituent of developmental interstitium in fetal lungs, mediates cell-to-cell interactions and thereby directs migrating cells. Furthermore, because of the polyionic nature of the molecule, hyaluronan forms open, hydrated matrices that provide channels for migrating cells. This hydrated matrix undergoes contraction before birth. However, continued growth of the lung in the perinatal period requires newly synthesized hyaluronan. This study's purpose was to elucidate the changes in lung hyaluronan concentration and distribution in the perinatal period. We studied rabbits at days -6, -4, -2, -1, 0, +2, and +4 with respect to term, as well as adult rabbits. We found that hyaluronan concentration was highest in the youngest fetuses studied [682 +/- 115 micrograms/g dry wt (means +/- SD)]. However, hyaluronan concentration decreased to 129 +/- 12 micrograms/g dry wt just before birth then returned to 366 +/- 111 micrograms/g dry wt at day +4; these values were similar to adult values. We found hyaluronan staining decreased during late gestation, particularly in the interalveolar region. In the postnatal period, hyaluronan staining increased in the visceral pleura and, to a lesser extent, beneath the epithelium of the bronchioles. Hyaluronan did not reaccumulate in the interalveolar region in the postnatal period. Our data suggest a change in the predominant role of lung hyaluronan during the perinatal period. Before term, hyaluronan facilitates morphogenesis. However, hyaluronan's major role in neonatal lung is most likely in regulation of fluid balance in interstitium.

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