Cord-blood derived chemistry reference values in preterm infants for sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, and creatinine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie Isabell Stritzke ◽  
Rana Ismail ◽  
Sarah Rose ◽  
Andrew Lyon ◽  
Tanis Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Lower Glucose

Objectives: Guidelines recommend preterm infants be supported to maintain their serum electrolytes within “normal” ranges. In term babies, cord blood values differed in pathological pregnancies from healthy ones. Study design: We examined cord blood sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, and creatinine to derive maturity-related reference intervals. We examined associations with gestational age, delivery mode, singleton versus multiple, and prenatal maternal adverse conditions. We compared preterm cord values to term, and to adult reference ranges. Results: There were 591 infants, 537 preterm and 54 term. Preterm cord glucose levels were steady (3.7+/-1.1mmol/l), while sodium, chloride and creatinine increased over GA by 0.17, 0.14 and 1.07 micromol/week respectively (p<0.003). Average preterm cord potassium and chloride were higher than term (p<0.05). Compared to adult reference intervals, cord preterm reference intervals were higher for chloride (100-111 vs 98-106 mmol/l), lower for creatinine (29-84 vs 62-115 micromol/l), more variable for potassium (2.7-7.9 vs. 3.5-5.0 mmol/l) and sodium (130-141 vs. 136-145 mmol/l). Cesarean section was associated with higher potassium and lower glucose; multiple births with higher chloride and creatinine and lower glucose; SGA with lower glucose. Conclusions: Cord blood values vary across the GA range with increases in sodium, chloride and creatinine while glucose remained steady. Average preterm reference values were higher than term values for potassium and chloride. Preterm reference values differed from published adults’ reference values. The varies across GA and by delivery mode, SGA, and being a multiple, which may have direct implications for neonatal care and fluid management.

scholarly journals Laboratory Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Blood in Makurdi North-Central Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
A I Nwannadi ◽  
T Z Swende ◽  
O O Alao ◽  
H I Aba ◽  
M A Onoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Distribution Method

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) which is useful in supportive and definitive management of inherited and acquired disorders is usually discarded in our environment. We sought to establish reference values for some haematological parameters of UCB in Makurdi, Nigeria to assist clinicians better interpret results of haematological parameters of UCB. This was a prospective quantitative study that involved analyzing UCB of qualified women to determine its complete blood count, fetal haemoglobin concentration, clotting profile and fibrinogen concentration. Reference ranges of these parameters were thereafter calculated using normal distribution method. The effects of maternal and fetal factors on these parameters were assessed using the Student t-test and ANOVA. The mean total white blood count (TWBC) was 12.3±3.7 x 109/L. Female births had significantly higher TWBC than male births (13.2 ± 3.3 x 109/L vs 11.0 ± 3.8 x 109/L, p=0.003). Babies that weighed 3.0-3.5kg also had significantly higher TWBC (18.9x109L) than those that weighed 2.4-2.9kg (8.7x109/L) p=0.010.Female births had significantly higher haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (13.9g/dl) than male births (11.9g/dl) p=0.001. Similarly, older women aged 32-41 years had significantly higher Hb (13.4g/dl) than those aged 18-24 years (11.6g/dl) p=0.002. Also, women that had more than two children had higher Hb than those who had one or two, (14.7g/dl vs 12.3g/dl) p=0.030. Babies that weighed 3.0-3.5kg at birth also had significantly higher Hb (16.2g/dl) than babies that weighed 2.4-2.9kg (12.3g/dl), p=0.003.The reference values of the haematological parameters of cord blood in our study were similar to what was reported from other developing countries. This study has provided data on haematological parameters of UCB for clinical use in our environment and we recommend routine UCB analysis in order to aid early detection of some inherited and congenital disorder.

Complement System in Healthy Term Newborns: Reference Values in Umbilical Cord Blood

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sonntag ◽  
U. Brandenburg ◽  
D. Polzehl ◽  
E. Strauss ◽  
M. Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Complement Proteins ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Complement System

Activation of the complement system occurs in several diseases. For reliable identification of complement activation in neonates, we establish reference ranges of several components in cord blood of healthy term newborns. For this study cord blood samples were taken from 125 healthy term newborns. Concentrations of C1r, C2, C5, C7, Properdin, and factors D, H, and I were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. C3a and C5a were measured by specific EIA and complement function was measured by hemolytic assays. The results were expressed as 5th percentile, median, and 95th percentile. The following respective concentrations were found: C1r: 27, 47, 65 mg/l; C2: 12.0, 18.0, 24.0 mg/l; C5: 64, 92, 127 mg/l; C7: 32, 60, 89 mg/l; Properdin: 5.6, 9.7, 14.2 mg/l; factor D: 3.6, 5.2, 7.3 mg/l; factor H: 178, 234, 296 mg/l; and factor I: 15, 24, 32 mg/l. The functional activity of the whole complement system was 24%, 43%, 97% and for the alternative pathway 39%, 58%, 76%. The concentration of the activated split products C3a was 4, 65, 255 μg/l and of C5a, 0.11, 0.26, 1.19 μg/l. These reference values may be important for the detection of deficiencies of native complement proteins or perinatal processes leading to an activation of the complement system.

Tunisian Newborn's Cord Blood: Reference Values of Complete Blood Count and Hemoglobin Fractions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Zitouni ◽  
Emna Bouatrous ◽  
Ons Laabidi ◽  
Imen Boudrigua ◽  
Dorra Chaouachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

Objective This study was aimed to establish local reference values for hematological indices and hemoglobin (Hb) fractions in umbilical cord blood (UCB) for the northern population of Tunisia. Study Design Our study included full-term newborns by vaginal deliveries. Hematological parameters were collected using an automated blood cell counter. The amounts of Hb fractions were measured by capillary electrophoresis of Hb. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results A total of 328 cord blood samples were analyzed. Among them, 154 (male: 44.8%, female: 55.2%) were used to establish reference values. The normal reference values of complete blood count (CBC) and Hb fractions were calculated. Mean neonatal Hb was 14.75 ± 2.26 g/dL. Gestational age affects the expression of CBC values as red blood cell (RBC), Hb, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), and the Hb profile. Umbilical blood hemogram parameters and Hb profile are affected by the environment; higher in newborns from urban regions but not affected by gender ratio. Conclusion Reference ranges of normal CBC indices and Hb fractions have been successfully established in Tunisian neonates' UCB. Our data suggest reference values that could be useful for neonatal patients' laboratory results and clinical interpretation. Key Points

scholarly journals Reference ranges for clinical electrophysiology of vision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Quentin Davis ◽  
Ruth Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Clinical Electrophysiology ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Suitable Reference

Abstract Introduction Establishing robust reference intervals for clinical procedures has received much attention from international clinical laboratories, with approved guidelines. Physiological measurement laboratories have given this topic less attention; however, most of the principles are transferable. Methods Herein, we summarise those principles and expand them to cover bilateral measurements and one-tailed reference intervals, which are common issues for those interpreting clinical visual electrophysiology tests such as electroretinograms (ERGs), visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and electrooculograms (EOGs). Results The gold standard process of establishing and defining reference intervals, which are adequately reliable, entails collecting data from a minimum of 120 suitable reference individuals for each partition (e.g. sex, age) and defining limits with nonparametric methods. Parametric techniques may be used under some conditions. A brief outline of methods for defining reference limits from patient data (indirect sampling) is given. Reference intervals established elsewhere, or with older protocols, can be transferred or verified with as few as 40 and 20 suitable reference individuals, respectively. Consideration is given to small numbers of reference subjects, interpretation of serial measurements using subject-based reference values, multidimensional reference regions and age-dependent reference values. Bilateral measurements, despite their correlation, can be used to improve reference intervals although additional care is required in computing the confidence in the reference interval or the reference interval itself when bilateral measurements are only available from some of subjects. Discussion Good quality reference limits minimise false-positive and false-negative results, thereby maximising the clinical utility and patient benefit. Quality indicators include using appropriately sized reference datasets with appropriate numerical handling for reporting; using subject-based reference limits where appropriate; and limiting tests for each patient to only those which are clinically indicated, independent and highly discriminating.

scholarly journals Laboratory Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Blood in Makurdi North-Central Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
A I Nwannadi ◽  
T Z Swende ◽  
O O Alao ◽  
H I Aba ◽  
M A Onoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Distribution Method

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) which is useful in supportive and definitive management of inherited and acquired disorders is usually discarded in our environment. We sought to establish reference values for some haematological parameters of UCB in Makurdi, Nigeria to assist clinicians better interpret results of haematological parameters of UCB. This was a prospective quantitative study that involved analyzing UCB of qualified women to determine its complete blood count, fetal haemoglobin concentration, clotting profile and fibrinogen concentration. Reference ranges of these parameters were thereafter calculated using normal distribution method. The effects of maternal and fetal factors on these parameters were assessed using the Student t-test and ANOVA. The mean total white blood count (TWBC) was 12.3±3.7 x 109/L. Female births had significantly higher TWBC than male births (13.2 ± 3.3 x 109/L vs 11.0 ± 3.8 x 109/L, p=0.003). Babies that weighed 3.0-3.5kg also had significantly higher TWBC (18.9x109L) than those that weighed 2.4-2.9kg (8.7x109/L) p=0.010.Female births had significantly higher haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (13.9g/dl) than male births (11.9g/dl) p=0.001. Similarly, older women aged 32-41 years had significantly higher Hb (13.4g/dl) than those aged 18-24 years (11.6g/dl) p=0.002. Also, women that had more than two children had higher Hb than those who had one or two, (14.7g/dl vs 12.3g/dl) p=0.030. Babies that weighed 3.0-3.5kg at birth also had significantly higher Hb (16.2g/dl) than babies that weighed 2.4-2.9kg (12.3g/dl), p=0.003.The reference values of the haematological parameters of cord blood in our study were similar to what was reported from other developing countries. This study has provided data on haematological parameters of UCB for clinical use in our environment and we recommend routine UCB analysis in order to aid early detection of some inherited and congenital disorder.

scholarly journals Reference Values of Thromboelastometry Parameters in Healthy Term Neonates Using NATEM in Cord Blood Samples

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Alma Sulaj ◽  
Marina Tsaousi ◽  
Eleni Karapati ◽  
Abraham Pouliakis ◽  
Zoi Iliodromiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Coagulation Disorder ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Α Angle ◽  
Anticoagulant Medication ◽  
Clot Formation Time

Background: ROTEM assay has gained increasing acceptance as a method for rapid and specific coagulation pathway assessment. However, its use in the neonatal population remains limited since reference ranges have not yet been established. Aims: (1) to determine reference ranges for healthy term neonates of ROTEM parameters using non-activated assay (NATEM) in cord blood samples; (2) to assess whether delivery mode, gender, gestational age, birth weight and blood group (ABO and Rhesus) of the neonate, coagulation disorder and anticoagulant medication of the mother have an impact on NATEM parameters. Methods: NATEM assay was conducted in cord blood samples of 189 term neonates without any medical history. Results: Reference ranges (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) are established for clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), α-angle, clot amplitude at 5, 10 and 20 min (A5, A10, A20), maximum clot firmness (MCF), lysis index at 30 and 60 min (LI30, LI60, %) and maximum clot elasticity (MCE). Reference ranges for NATEM are CT 182–499 s, CFT 63–176 s, α-angle 58–78°, A5 28–52 mm, A10 37–61 mm, A20 42–66 mm, MCF 43–67 mm, LI30 97–100%, LI60 87–98% and MCE 75–203. Male neonates appear to be more hypocoagulable than females. Conclusions: We demonstrate reference ranges for healthy term neonates in NATEM assay that could be used as a reference group for future studies of neonates with an underlying pathology.

scholarly journals Haematological profile of healthy adult blood donors in Mwanza, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally Faya ◽  
Mwesige Charles ◽  
Larry Fred Sembajwe ◽  
Haruna I. Dika
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Haematological Profile

Background: While it is customary to apply the same haematological reference ranges, variations exist between populations. This study was conducted to determine hematologic profiles among a local population of north-western Tanzania.Methods:  This was a cross sectional study, which enrolled healthy adult blood donors in Mwanza, Tanzania. Collected blood samples were put in EDTA-coated tubes and haematological indices were determined using Auto Hematology-Analyzer. Results are summarized in medians plus 95% interquartile ranges and compared using either Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis tests depending on appropriateness.Results:  A total of 163 (143 males and 20 females) adult healthy blood donors (median age= 31 years) were enrolled.  We found a median haemoglobin level of 15.1 g/dL [10.5-23.8], erythrocytes of 5.3x106/µL [4.1-8.3 x106], haematocrit of 44.0 % [32.4-71.4], total leucocytes of 4300 cells/μL [1700-8500], lymphocytes 1700/μL [800-3000], neutrophils 2100/μL [300-5300]; mid-sized cells (monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) of 400/μL [100-1400] and platelets of 194x103/μL [55.2-379.0 x103].  We observed significantly higher haemoglobin level (P = 0.017) as well as erythrocytes (P = 0.012) and haematocrit (p = 0.006) among males than females.   Conclusion: The percentile range (2.5%-97.5%) which can be used to determine the higher and lower values of haematological profile normal ranges for most indices differ from Western adopted reference values.  Therefore, we recommend a large study to establish local normal hematologic reference values.

scholarly journals A Review of Cord Blood Concentrations of Iron Status Parameters to Define Reference Ranges for Preterm Infants

Neonatology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Lorenz ◽  
Andreas Peter ◽  
Christian F. Poets ◽  
Axel R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Blood Concentrations

scholarly journals Establishment of reference ranges for Serum Leptin and C-Peptide using enzymelinked immmunosorbent assay method: a preliminary report

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Mainasara Abdullah Sulaiman ◽  
Dahiru Shafi’u Gumel ◽  
Umar Zayyanu Usman ◽  
Anaja Peter Ocheni ◽  
Yakubu Abdulmumini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Reference ranges (RR) or Reference Intervals (RIs) are very important values for accurate interpretation of clinical laboratory test results. Any test result that is not accompanied by a valid RR value is less informative and may not be interpreted correctly. However, reference values of most analytes for Nigerian population are not readily available. The present study aims at establishing reference values of Serum Leptin and C-Peptide for Dutse, Jigawa State. In a cross sectional study, eighty (80) reference individuals were recruited. Serum Leptin and C-Peptide were analysed using ELISA methods. Following an accepted guideline, population specific reference intervals were established for these analytes and found to be 3.13ng/mL to 14.09ng/mL for Leptin and 0.56ng/mL to 5.64ng/mL for C-Peptide, respectively. Populations sharing similar physical and socio-economic characteristics may adapt these intervals if validated and considered suitable for their laboratory methodsAsian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2016, 2(3): 483-487

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