Hydroxycinnamic derivatives in Ilex aquifolium mother tincture

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bellvert ◽  
P Coulerie ◽  
F Goncalves ◽  
K Taoubi ◽  
G Comte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ilex Aquifolium ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Derivatives

Inhaltsstoffe der früchte von Ilex aquifolium L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Thomas ◽  
Herbert Budzikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Ilex Aquifolium

Structural Characteristics and Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Healthy Organs and Galls Induced by Allodiplosis crassa Kieff. and Jörg (Cecydomyiidae, Diptera) on Geoffroea decorticans (Hook. and Arn.) Burkart (Leguminosae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
I. J. Agudelo ◽  
H. Bach ◽  
R. A. Ricco ◽  
M. L. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Derivatives

Chañar (Geoffroea decorticans- Fabaceae) is a tree from South America that is normally infected with galls originated by insects. One of its parasites is Allodiplosis crassa (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) which produces globular galls with sticky prolongations. Since this plant has medicinal uses in Argentina, its infestation could alter the quality of the plant drug. The surface of insect-induced galls usually contains defensive features such as trichomes, increased hardness and an increase in the content of polyphenolic compounds. The objective of this research is to assess the structural and histochemical features of the gall and to compare the content of polyphenolic metabolites in the gall, in the healthy leaf and in lignified stems of G. decorticans. The methanolic extract from the galls showed the highest amount of polyphenolic and proanthocyanidins and the lowest amount of hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonoids compared to the methanolic extract of the leaves. The photographs taken from the external surface of the gall showed that some prolongations have heads. The histochemical analysis showed that the prolongations have a high amount of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids; and that the heads are reactive to Sudan III. These phytochemical and histological characteristics may have a defensive role against harmful fungi and parasites that attack the larvae of the A. crassa. The results of this study show the presence of defensive features in an insect-induced gall of a medicinal plant with potential implications in the pharmacological activity of this species. This is the first report of a histochemical and phytochemical study in G. corticans galls.

A multiple approach for the evaluation of the spatial distribution and dynamics of a forest habitat: the case of Apennine beech forests with Taxus baccata and Ilex aquifolium

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 3099-3113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Scarnati ◽  
Fabio Attorre ◽  
Michele De Sanctis ◽  
Alessio Farcomeni ◽  
Fabio Francesconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Ilex Aquifolium ◽  
Multiple Approach

Immune and Antioxidant Enzyme Response of Longfin Yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) Juveniles to Ultra-diluted Substances Derived from Phosphorus, Silica and Pathogenic Vibrio

Homeopathy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mazón-Suástegui ◽  
Joan Salas-Leiva ◽  
Andressa Teles ◽  
Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mother Tincture

Background This research aimed to observe the effect of homeopathic treatments prepared from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus (H1) and commercial homeopathic medication Phosphoricum acidum and Silicea terra (H2) on the immune and antioxidant response in Seriola rivoliana juveniles under usual culture conditions and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Materials and Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to study changes in the expression of key genes related to immune response, cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), adapter protein for cytokine release (MyD88) and piscidin and spectrophotometric techniques to analyze the activity of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in Seriola rivoliana juveniles at 30 (weaning stage [WS]) and 60 (early juveniles [EJ]) days post-hatching. Results The H1 treatment led to over-expression of the IL-1β and MyD88 genes in fish at WS and EJ with respect to control, contrary to the H2 treatment that led to under-expression of the IL-1β, MyD88 and piscidin genes at the EJ stage. In fish challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, both H1 and H2 led to over-expression of IL-1β and MyD88; H2 caused an over-expression of piscidin. The SOD activity was higher in H1 with respect to H2 and the control group. CAT remained relatively stable with both H1 and H2 treatments. Conclusions The results suggest that the overall effect of H1 was due to the presence of unknown antigens in low concentrations, while the response to H2—specifically during challenge—may have been due to a stimulating effect of nano-structures, prevailing from mother tincture after sequential dilution/succussion, in a pathway similar to that attributed to nano-vaccines.

scholarly journals Proteins as targets for high dilutions of drugs: Interaction between ?-amylase and mercuric chloride.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Nirmal Chandra Sukul ◽  
Tandra Sarkar ◽  
Atheni Konar ◽  
Anirban Sukul
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mother Tincture

Background: High dilutions of drugs, used in homeopathy, are usually applied by oral route or foliar spray. These dilutions first come in contact with membrane or circulating proteins. Ultra low doses of mercuric chloride, called potencies, promote activity of diastase or ?-amylase in terms of breakdown of starch, a polysaccharide into a disaccharide maltose in a cell-free medium in test tubes. Merc cor or HgCl2 in high doses inhibits the enzyme activity. Aims: To see (i) whether the high and ultra low dose effects of HgCl2 involve different binding sites of the enzyme and (ii) to find an explanation for the low dose effect of HgCl2 in spite of absence of its original molecules. Methodology: Merc cor mother tincture (147 mM HgCl2) in distilled water was used undiluted in this experiment. Merc cor 200c and 1000c were prepared from the mother tincture (MT) by successive dilution with water 1:100 followed by succussion in 200 and 1000 steps, respectively, and finally preserved in 90% EtOH. These potencies and blank 90% ethanol, were diluted with deionized, distilled (DD) water 1:1000 to minimize ethanol content in test solutions. Each test solution or control was mixed with the enzyme 1:10 just before experiment. The control consisted of DD water. An isothermal calorimetry (ITC) instrument was used to measure the interaction between soluble starch and ?-amylase mixed with each potency (200c/1000c) of Merc cor, its mother tincture, ethanol and control. ITC is a thermodynamic technique which helps in measuring directly very small amount of heat evolved during chemical reaction. Soluble starch 90 µM was injected into 300 µl of 15µM ?-amylase at 2 µl / injection. Twenty injections, one every 2 min, were given. The enzyme substrate interaction in terms of heat released (exothermic) or absorbed (endothermic) were monitored by the ITC instrument. All ITC measurements were calculated and analyzed statistically by an in-built software Origin 7. Results and discussion: The data are presented in figures. While Merc cor MT shows endothermic reaction, all its potencies, ethanol and water control show exothermic reactions. There is wide variation in enthalpy (?H), entropy (?S), binding constant (K) and Gibbs free energy change (?G) among the treatments with Merc cor MT, potencies, ethanol and also control. The results indicate that Merc cor MT and its potencies act on different binding sites of the enzyme. The variation in thermodynamic parameters suggest difference in binding interaction between the drug solutions and the enzyme. This in turn influences the enzyme substrate interaction as reported in earlier studies. The potencies are virtually water modified by the starting substance HgCl2. Conclusion: The mother tincture and potencies of mercuric chloride produce different effects on the enzyme substrate interaction. Potencies show wide variation in ?H, ?S, K and ?G values. It appears from the results that the drugs used in homeopathy produce dual action on proteins. At high doses they act on a binding site(s) but at ultra low doses they act on a different binding site(s). Proteins in an organism may serve as targets for initiation of action of homeopathic potencies.

Mycomicrothelia confusa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aguirre-Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Ilex Aquifolium ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Mycomicrothelia confusa. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Tanzania, USA (Texas and Wisconsin), Portugal (Azores), Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Irish Republic, Italy, Norway, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Republic of Mordovia and Ryazan Oblast), Spain, Ukraine and UK), hosts (Corylus sp., Alnus sp., Betula sp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus sp., Fraxinus sp., Ilex aquifolium, Ilex sp., Populus tremula, Quercus sp., Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus sp. and Tilia sp.) and associated organisms (Naetrocymbe nitescens and Trentepohlia sp.).

Cyrtidula quercus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Phellodendron Amurense ◽  
Ilex Aquifolium ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Cyrtidula quercus. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Missouri and Washington), Japan, Australia (Western Australia), Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and Yugoslavia) and hosts (Quercus sp., Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Corylus avellana, Corylus sp., Crataegus sp., Ilex aquifolium, Phellodendron amurense, Populus sp., Quercus garyana, Q. petraea, Q, robur and Trentepohlia sp.).

Standardization of Homoeopathic Mother Tincture of Strychnous nux vomica with the help of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and correlation of its alkaloid markers with its Toxicological action

2021 ◽  
pp. 4203-4206
Author(s):  
Dharmendra B. Sharma ◽  
Parth Aphale ◽  
Vineet Sinnarkar ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Asha Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Aluminium Sheets ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Dark Blue

Background: Chromatography is one of the important laboratory technique in which the components of a mixture are separated on an adsorbent in order to analyze, identify, purify and quantify a mixture. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)is used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography is a sophisticated and automated form of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The procedure simultaneously processes the sample and standard that results in better analytical precision and accuracy at a faster pace. Pharmacological/ Toxicological action of Nux Vomica is because of its active principles present in the seeds namely strychnine, brucine etc. This research paper aims to corelate the active principles present in Nux Vomica with the toxicological action of the same. Materials and Methods: 1. Standard Nux Vomica mother tincture was tested for its alkaloid markers and its correlation with the toxicological action was studied. 2. Analysis of the mother tincture was done using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. Stationary phase consisted of TLC Aluminium sheets with silica gel 60 F253 pre-coated layer (20cm x 10cm), thickness-0.2mm, no. of tracks-18, band length-6mm. 4. Mobile Phase consisted of Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5). 5. The plate was developed in developing chamber and observed under U.V. Light. Results: Colours seen on the HPTLC Plates of samples are greenwhich corresponds to strychnine, dark blue which corresponds to brucine, orange to alkaloids fluorescent green to sterols and pink to fatty acids which are evident on the chromatogram. Conclusion: Therapeutic action of Nux Vomica as noted in Homoeopathic Materia Medica is because of the active principles like strychnine, brucine, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids present in it which is evident from the chromatogram.

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