Determination of the Center of Rotation for Flexion/Extension before and after Insertion of 3 Different Types of Disc Prostheses, and Comparison with In-Vivo MRI-Derived Data from Healthy Volunteers

Xenobiotic solutions of different concentrations were analyzed by TLC method before and after passing trough the column with adsorbent M and compared with adsorption on the active charcoal. The efficiency of adsorption on adsorbent M was higher, compared to active charcoal. The best adsorption, in the value 90 - 100%, have shown certain organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, that were dissolved in non-aqueous solvents. Efficiency of adsorbent M was also proven in vivo, when solutions of tested xenobiotics before adsorption have caused death of experimental animals, and after the adsorption on adsorbent M, all treated animals have survived and had just mild symptoms of poisoning.

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In vivo determination of left ventricular wall stress-shortening relationship in normal mice

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.2.h1047 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (2) ◽

pp. H1047-H1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B. D. Hoit ◽

Z. U. Khan ◽

C. M. Pawloski-Dahm ◽

R. A. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Mouse Genome ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Wall Stress ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Inotropic State ◽

Before And After ◽

Fractional Shortening

Although targeted alterations of the mouse genome are used increasingly to identify the mechanisms underlying cardiac function, the methods used to study the phenotypic expression of these alterations in vivo are limited. To derive a relatively noninvasive, load-independent measure of left ventricular (LV) contractility in mice, we cannulated the femoral artery and performed two-dimensional directed M-mode echo studies in 28 anesthetized FVB/N mice, using a 9-MHz transducer. Loading conditions were altered by intraarterial methoxamine (3-12 microg/g), and LV shortening fraction was determined at several steady states, both before and after myocardial contractility was altered by either 4 microg/g intraperitoneal dobutamine (n = 16) or 1-2 microg/g verapamil (n = 12). The relation between LV systolic meridional stress and fractional shortening derived from pooled baseline data was inverse and linear [r = 0.80, slope = -0.19, intercept = 48%, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 5.5%, P < 0.001]. Dobutamine produced a parallel upward shift of the relation (r = 0.87, slope = -0.21, intercept = 61%, SEE = 4.5%, P < 0.001), and verapamil produced a downward shift of the relation (r = 0.48, slope = -0.05, intercept = 24%, SEE = 3.7%, P < 0.05). At matched levels of end-systolic stress, dobutamine increased and verapamil decreased the LV shortening fraction. We conclude that 1) inverse stress-shortening relations can be assessed noninvasively in mice; and 2) these relations are sensitive to alterations in inotropic state, independent of loading conditions.

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The bioavailability of magnesium from different types of calcined magnesites of Greek origin

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100006395 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 351-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Zervas ◽

G. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Particle Size Fractions ◽

Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽

Different Types ◽

Apparent Bioavailability

AbstractThe objective of this work was to determine the apparent bioavailability of magnesium from four different types of calcined magnesites of Greek origin. These four types (A, B, C, D) were different in particle size fractions and production process. The solubility of the above four magnesium samples and their fractions were determined: (a) in the laboratory using ammonium nitrate solution after 24-h shaking and (b) in vivo using a nylon bag technique after 24-h incubation.Solubility was correlated with apparent bioavailability as determined in a balance experiment with five wether sheep in a 5×5 Latin-square design.Sheep were kept in metabolism cages and were given daily a basal diet (500 g hay + 700 g concentrate) plus 2 g magnesium supplements from types A to D. The magnesium bioavailability of the basal diet was used as a base for the determination of the bioavailability of magnesium in A, B, C and D supplements.Magnesium apparent bioavailability of the basal diet was found to be 0·203 and, for the supplements A, B, C and D, 0·381, 0·339, 0·315 and 0·292 respectively. The solubility of supplements A, B, C and D in ammonium nitrate solution and in vivo (using the nylon-bag technique) was found to be 0·812, 0·805, 0·784 and 0·773 or 0·294, 0·152, 0·102 and 0·200 respectively.The solubilities of the magnesium supplements in ammonium nitrate solution and in vivo both reflected dietary bioavailability differences up to a point, but neither was well enough correlated with the apparent bioavailability as determined by the balance experiment, this being judged to be the most precise method for bioavailability determination.

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Increased IL-10 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis: interferon-β treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression while reducing IL-23 mRNA expression

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458507087136 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 622-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

M Krakauer ◽

P Sorensen ◽

M Khademi ◽

T Olsson ◽

F Sellebjerg

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Cell Subset ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Th2 Cytokines ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Before And After ◽

Elevated Expression

Background Interferon (IFN)-β therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested to promote a deviation from T lymphocyte production of pathogenic Th1 cytokines to less detrimental Th2 cytokines, but this is still controversial. We studied patterns of in vivo blood mononuclear cell (MNC) and whole blood cytokine and transcription factor mRNA expression before and during IFN-β therapy in MS. Methods Twenty patients with relapsing–remitting MS were sampled before and after 3 months of treatment with IFN-β along with 15 healthy volunteers. An additional 39 patients and 50 healthy volunteers served to confirm initial findings. mRNA was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We found elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-10 in untreated MS patients. IFN-β therapy increased IL-10 and decreased IL-23 expression independently of any Th1 or Th2 cytokines. The largest changes in cytokine mRNA levels occurred early (~9–12 h) after an IFN-β injection. Conclusion We found no evidence of a Th1- or Th2-mRNA-promoting effect of IFN-β therapy. The therapeutic effect of IFN-β is more likely attributable to the induction of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The elevated IL-23 mRNA levels in MS patients are noteworthy in view of the newly discovered IL-23-driven Th17 T-cell subset, which is crucial in animal models of MS. Since IFN-β therapy resulted in decreased IL-23 mRNA levels, the Th17 axis could be another target of IFN-β therapy.

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Optimization of Drug Permeation from 8% Ciclopirox Cyclodextrin/Poloxamer-Soluble Polypseudorotaxane-Based Nail Lacquers

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12030231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Cutrín-Gómez ◽

Andrea Conde-Penedo ◽

Soledad Anguiano-Igea ◽

José Luis Gómez-Amoza ◽

Francisco J. Otero-Espinar

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Nail Plate ◽

Short Chain ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Drug Permeation ◽

Different Types ◽

Permeation Studies ◽

Bovine Hoof

Cyclodextrin/poloxamer-soluble polypseudorotaxane-based nail lacquers have demonstrated significant capacity for promoting the permeation of drugs into the nail plate. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that the use of hydroalcoholic blends as vehicles promotes drug permeation. The work described herein studies the effect of the type of alcohol used in the lacquer preparation, and the composition of the vehicle is optimized to obtain soluble doses of 8% and to promote the diffusion of ciclopirox base and olamine across the nail. Permeation studies on different types of alcohols show that optimum results are achieved with short-chain alcohols, and that results become less satisfactory the higher the number of alcohol carbons. In addition, solubility and penetration studies on the bovine hoof have enabled the composition of the lacquer to be optimized for both forms of ciclopirox. The results suggest that optimized lacquers have better ciclopirox diffusion and penetration properties than the commercial reference lacquer. Lastly, in vivo studies in which optimized ciclopirox olamine lacquer was applied for 45 days to the nails of healthy volunteers showed that it caused no negative effects or changes to the nail surface. These results demonstrate the significant potential of cyclodextrin/poloxamer-soluble polypseudorotaxane-based nail lacquers for the ungual administration of drugs.

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Positron emission tomography studies of healthy volunteers-no effects on the dopamine terminals and synthesis after short term exposure to toluene

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032719701600307 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Edling ◽

B. Hellman ◽

B. Arvidson ◽

G. Johansson ◽

J. Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Dopamine Synthesis ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Short Term ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Before And After

Despite extensive research, the mechanisms for the effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system are still unknown. One mechanism proposed is that solvents interfere with the synthesis of neurotransmitters. In the present study 11 male healthy volunteers were exposed during 15 min to 100 p.p.m. toluene at light physical exercise, and the dopamine decarboxylase activity and number of terminals in putamen were measured before and after exposure by positron emission tomography. Two different tracers were used, [β-11C]L-DOPA for decarbox ylase activity during the in vivo synthesis of dopamine, and [11C] nomifensine to estimate the number of terminals. Although there was a slight increase in the rate of dopamine synthesis in the putamen after the exposure, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.4). No effect was observed with regard to the uptake of nomifensine. There was no significant relationship between the dose of toluene and rate of dopamine synthesis, and no significant correlation between the time from end of exposure to start of the PET-camera and DOPA. Our findings indicate that short term exposure to 100 p.p.m. of toluene does not affect the rate of dopamine synthesis or the number of presynaptic terminals.

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Targeted LC-MS/MS platform for the comprehensive determination of peptides in the kallikrein-kinin system

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-021-03231-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanja Gangnus ◽

Bjoern B. Burckhardt

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Matrix Effects ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Kinin System ◽

Carry Over ◽

Kallikrein Kinin System ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and is assumed to be connected to the development of clinical symptoms of angioedema or COVID-19, among other diseases. However, despite its diverse role in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological functions, knowledge about the KKS in vivo remains limited. The short half-lives of kinins, their low abundance and structural similarities and the artificial generation of the kinin bradykinin greatly hinder reliable and accurate determination of kinin levels in plasma. To address these issues, a sensitive LC-MS/MS platform for the comprehensive and simultaneous determination of the four active kinins bradykinin, kallidin, des-Arg(9)-bradykinin and des-Arg(10)-kallidin and their major metabolites bradykinin 2-9, bradykinin 1-7 and bradykinin 1-5 was developed. This platform was validated according to the bioanalytical guideline of the US Food and Drug Administration regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, carry-over, recovery, parallelism, matrix effects and stability in plasma of healthy volunteers. The validated platform encompassed a broad calibration curve range from 2.0–15.3 pg/mL (depending on the kinin) up to 1000 pg/mL, covering the expected concentrations in disease states. No source-dependent matrix effects were identified, and suitable stability of the analytes in plasma was observed. The applicability of the developed platform was proven by the determination of endogenous levels in healthy volunteers, whose plasma kinin levels were successfully detected in the low pg/mL range. The established platform facilitates the investigation of kinin-mediated diseases (e.g. angioedema, COVID-19) and enables the assessment of the impact of altered enzyme activities on the formation or degradation of kinins. Graphical abstract

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Crosslinking and Fulguration in the Treatment of Acanthamoebic Keratitis

Ophthalmology in Russia ◽

10.18008/1816-5095-2020-4-725-732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 725-732

Author(s):

S. V. Trufanov ◽

A. V. Zaitsev ◽

N. P. Shakhbazyan

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Infection Process ◽

Corneal Tissue ◽

Before And After ◽

Acanthamoebic Keratitis ◽

Microscopy Data

Purpose: to study the combined Photo-Activated Chromophore for Keratitis — Corneal Cross-Linking (PACK-CXL) in combination with fulguration of the infiltration zone in the treatment of medically refractive acanthamoebic keratitis.Patients and methods. The study included 9 patients (10 eyes) with medically refractive acanthamoebic keratitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by confocal microscopy data from a microbiological study of scraping of corneal tissue from the lesion site with Romanovsky-Giemsa stain. All patients underwent combined surgical treatment of PACK-CXL with pre-fulguration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the anterior segment of the eye was also performed using an RTVue-100 apparatus (Optovue USA), determination of visual acuity, photographing before and after surgery.Results. In 6 cases (60 %), a positive effect was noted, relief of the symptoms of the disease and the formation of turbidity within a month after the procedure, as well as an increase in the maximum corrected visual acuity. According in vivo confocal microscopy, 6 months after the intervention, no signs of infection were detected. In 4 cases, the therapeutic effect was absent. Subsequently, 3 patients (3 eyes) underwent therapeutic keratoplasty. In one eye, the infectious process was stopped medically for 6 months.Conclusion. The combined PACK-CXL method together with fulguration can be effective and safe in the treatment of medically refractive acanthamoebic keratitis, allowing keratoplasty to be performed with an optical goal if necessary, after stopping the infection process in a distant period.

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