Platelet function in obese children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S126-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schweigel ◽  
A. Naeke ◽  
MA. Lee-Kirsch ◽  
G. Siegert ◽  
S. Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Platelet Hyperaggregability

SummaryPlatelet hyperaggregability contributes to thromboembolic events of obesity in adulthood. In obese children hyperaggregability was described in platelet rich plasma. We investigated platelet aggregation in children with obesity and lipometabolic disorders in whole blood. Patients, material, methods: Specimens from patients with overweight (n = 35), hypercholesterolaemia and normal weight (n = 5), overweight plus combined li-pometabolic disorder (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 20) were investigated. Aggregation and ATP release were induced by ADP (20 μmol/l), collagen (1 μg/ml) and thrombin (0.5 U/ml) using a lumiaggregometer. Results: Overweight children and normal weight patients with hypercholesterolaemia exhibited no significant differences in platelet aggregation compared to controls. Contrastingly, in patients with obesity plus lipometabolic disorder the aggregation rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) suggesting a hyperaggregable state. Conclusion: Obviously in obese children a hypercoagulable state exists and the slight hyperaggregability observed in whole blood in this cohort might contribute to that. Any effort should be undertaken to avoid obesity in children especially in those countries where the prevalence of obesity in childhood is continuously increasing.

Endotoxin-Induced Platelet Activation in Human Whole Blood In Vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyorgy Csako ◽  
Eva A Suba ◽  
Ronald J Elin
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryThe effect of purified bacterial endotoxin was studied on human platelets in vitro. In adding up to 1 μg/mL of a highly purified endotoxin, we found neither aggregation nor ATP release in heparinized or citrated human platelet-rich plasma. On the other hand, endotoxin at concentrations as low as a few ng/mL (as may be found in septic patients) caused platelet aggregation in both heparinized and citrated human whole blood, as monitored by change in impedance, free platelet count, and size. Unlike collagen, the platelet aggregation with endotoxin occurred after a long lag phase, developed slowly, and was rarely coupled with measurable release of ATP. The platelet aggregating effect of endotoxin was dose-dependent and modified by exposure of the endotoxin to ionizing radiation. Thus, the activation of human platelets by “solubilized” endotoxin in plasma requires the presence of other blood cells. We propose that the platelet effect is mediated by monocytes and/or neutrophils stimulated by endotoxin.

scholarly journals Physical deviation and precocious puberty among school-aged children in Leshan City: an investigative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052093967
Author(s):  
Qiong Wei ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Yu-Lin Li ◽  
Rui Rao ◽  
Song Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Objective We investigated physical deviation and precocious puberty among school-aged children in Leshan City, to provide a theoretical basis for the management of precocious puberty in children. Methods We selected 12 primary schools of Leshan City using a cluster random sampling method and conducted physical examinations among healthy students aged 4 12 years. A total of 11,000 students were recruited (5502 boys and 5498 girls). We measured body mass index (BMI), and participants were tested for precocious puberty according to the Tanner stages and standard maps. Nutritional status was also evaluated. Results Obese and overweight children accounted for a high proportion of participants; the prevalence of underweight was the lowest. The prevalence of obesity among boys was higher than that in girls. Precocious puberty was mainly observed in girls, particularly those age 7 years old. The prevalence of precocious puberty among overweight and obese children was higher than that in children with normal weight. Conclusion We identified a significant sex difference in precocious puberty among children in Leshan City. Overweight and obesity may be associated with precocious puberty.

Evaluation of Whole-Blood Lumiaggregation

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Podczasy ◽  
James Lee ◽  
Ivana Vucenik
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Blood Impedance

An evaluation of whole-blood lumiaggregation was conducted in a normal population. Platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion were monitored in a three-phase study that analyzed sample dilution, agonist dose response, and method comparison. In the first phase, the blood:saline ratio was varied; in the second phase, the concentration of the agonists was varied ; and in the last phase, a comparison of impedance aggregation and ATP release in whole blood to optical aggregation and ATP release in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was performed. Five common platelet agonists— collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid, thrombin, and ristocetin—were used in this evaluation of the lumiaggregometer (Chrono-Log Corp., Havertown, PA, U.S.A.). The data revealed that the optimum blood:saline ratio for conducting platelet antigen studies is 1:1, although with some agonists other dilutions can be used. The agonist dose-response phase basically confirmed the manufacturer's concentration recommendations. Additionally, it was determined that platelet aggregation using the whole-blood impedance technique compared to the PRP optical method yielded similar information. Furthermore, the advantages of whole-blood impedance aggregation include its use in microsamples and more timely results due to minimal sample preparation. Key Words: Platelet aggregation—Lumiaggregation—Whole blood—Platelet-rich ptasma—ATP.

Dipyridamole Inhibits Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gresele ◽  
C Zoja ◽  
H Deckmyn ◽  
J Arnout ◽  
J Vermylen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Human Blood Samples ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryDipyridamole possesses antithrombotic properties in the animal and in man but it does not inhibit platelet aggregation in plasma. We evaluated the effect of dipyridamole ex vivo and in vitro on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine- 5’-diphosphate (ADP) in human whole blood with an impedance aggregometer. Two hundred mg dipyridamole induced a significant inhibition of both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in human blood samples taken 2 hr after oral drug intake. Administration of the drug for four days, 400 mg/day, further increased the antiplatelet effect. A significant negative correlation was found between collagen-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and dipyridamole levels in plasma (p <0.001). A statistically significant inhibition of both collagen (p <0.0025) and ADP-induced (p <0.005) platelet aggregation was also obtained by incubating whole blood in vitro for 2 min at 37° C with dipyridamole (3.9 μM). No such effects were seen in platelet-rich plasma, even after enrichment with leukocytes. Low-dose adenosine enhanced in vitro inhibition in whole blood.Our results demonstrate that dipyridamole impedes platelet aggregation in whole blood by an interaction with red blood cells, probably involving adenosine.

Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D’Hondt ◽  
Benedicte Deforche ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Movement Assessment

The purpose of this study was to investigate gross and fine motor skill in overweight and obese children compared with normal-weight peers. According to international cut-off points for Body Mass Index (BMI) from Cole et al. (2000), all 117 participants (5–10 year) were classified as being normal-weight, overweight, or obese. Level of motor skill was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Scores for balance (p < .01) and ball skills (p < .05) were significantly better in normal-weight and overweight children as compared with their obese counterparts. A similar trend was found for manual dexterity (p < .10). This study demonstrates that general motor skill level is lower in obese children than in normal-weight and overweight peers.

scholarly journals 520 Weight-based vs. BSA-based Fluid Resuscitation Predictions in Pediatric Burn Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S107
Author(s):  
Jan V Stevens ◽  
Nina Prieto ◽  
Elika Ridelman ◽  
Justin D Klein ◽  
Christina M Shanti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Pediatric Burns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parkland Formula ◽  
Total Fluid

Abstract Introduction Current practice for major pediatric burns includes fluid resuscitation using formulas that estimate fluid requirements based on weight and/or body surface area (BSA) along with percent total burn surface area (TBSA). Adult studies have shown that these formulas can cause fluid overload in obese patients and increase risk of complications. These findings have not been validated in pediatric patients. This study aims to evaluate whether a weight-based resuscitation formula increases the risk of complications in obese children following burn injuries and compares fluid estimates to those that incorporate BSA. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 110 children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to an ABA-verified urban pediatric burn center from October 2008 to May 2020. Patients had ≥15% TBSA, were resuscitated with the weight-based Parkland formula, and had fluids titrated to urine output every two hours (1 ml/kg/hr if ≤ 30kg; 0.5 ml/kg/hr if &gt; 30kg). Demographics, burn type, and TBSA were collected on admission. BSA-based Galveston and BSA-incorporated Cincinnati formula resuscitation predictions were also calculated. Output and input volumes were collected at 8h and 24h post-injury. Complications were collected throughout the hospital stay. Patients were classified into CDC-defined weight groups based on percentile ranges. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 10.0. Results This study included 11 underweight, 60 normal weight, 18 overweight, and 21 obese children. Our patients had a mean age-based weight CDC percentile of 62.2%, and mean TBSA of 25.4%. Predicted resuscitation volumes increased as CDC percentile increased for all three formulas (p=0.033, 0.092, 0.038), however there were no significant differences between overweight and obese children. Total fluid administered was higher as CDC percentile increased (p=0.023). However, overweight children received more total fluid than obese children. The difference between total fluids given and Galveston predicted resuscitation volumes were significant across all groups (p=0.042); however, the difference using the Parkland and Cincinnati formulas were not statistically significant. There were more children in the normal weight group who developed complications compared to other groups, but these findings were not significant. Conclusions The Parkland formula tended to underpredict fluid needs in the underweight, normal weight, and overweight children, and it overpredicted fluid needs for the obese. Further research is needed to determine the value of weight-based vs BSA-based or incorporated formulas in terms of their risk of complications.

scholarly journals Comparison of effect of aloe Vera gel with aspirin and celecoxib on platelet aggregation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 973-978
Author(s):  
Sidra Mushtaq ◽  
Zobia Mushtaq ◽  
Javeria Arif ◽  
Mufakhara Fatima ◽  
Sadida Bahawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: This study was designed to compare the effect of Aloe vera gel with aspirin and celecoxib on platelet aggregation. Study Design: Comparative Study. Setting: Post graduate Medical Institute Lahore, Children Hospital, Lahore. Period: September 2015 to September 2016. Material & Methods: Blood was withdrawn from anti-cubital vein, complete blood count was checked, platelet rich plasma was prepared by centrifuging citrated whole blood and then incubated with  Aloe vera low (AVL), Aloe vera high (AVH), aspirin and celecoxib for 30 minutes at 37C. After adding the agonist arachidonic acid, reading was then taken for 3 minutes and percentage aggregation was recorded. Results: Platelet aggregation with aspirin, AVH and AVL was statistically significantly lower as compared to control and celecoxib groups. Conclusion: This study has demonstrateda dose dependentanti-platelet effect of Aloe vera gel which is comparable to aspirin.

scholarly journals Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason CG Halford ◽  
Emma J Boyland ◽  
Georgina M Hughes ◽  
Leanne Stacey ◽  
Sarah McKean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Body Mass Index Score ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Brand Effect ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of television food advertising on children’s food intake, specifically whether childhood obesity is related to a greater susceptibility to food promotion.DesignThe study was a within-subject, counterbalanced design. The children were tested on two occasions separated by two weeks. One condition involved the children viewing food advertisements followed by a cartoon, in the other condition the children viewed non-food adverts followed by the same cartoon. Following the cartoon, their food intake and choice was assessed in a standard paradigm.SettingThe study was conducted in Liverpool, UK.SubjectsFifty-nine children (32 male, 27 female) aged 9–11 years were recruited from a UK school to participate in the study. Thirty-three children were normal-weight (NW), 15 overweight (OW) and 11 obese (OB).ResultsExposure to food adverts produced substantial and significant increases in energy intake in all children (P < 0·001). The increase in intake was largest in the obese children (P = 0·04). All children increased their consumption of high-fat and/or sweet energy-dense snacks in response to the adverts (P < 0·001). In the food advert condition, total intake and the intake of these specific snack items correlated with the children’s modified age- and gender-specific body mass index score.ConclusionsThese data suggest that obese and overweight children are indeed more responsive to food promotion, which specifically stimulates the intake of energy-dense snacks.

Enhanced platelet aggregation and activation under conditions of hypothermia

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1266-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Xavier ◽  
Ann White ◽  
Susan Fox ◽  
Robert Wilcox ◽  
Stan Heptinstall
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Spontaneous Aggregation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
P2y12 Antagonist

SummaryThe effects on platelet function of temperatures attained during hypothermia used in cardiac surgery are controversial. Here we have performed studies on platelet aggregation in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma after stimulation with a range of concentrations of ADP, TRAP, U46619 and PAF at both 28°C and 37°C. Spontaneous aggregation was also measured after addition of saline alone. In citrated blood, spontaneous aggregation was markedly enhanced at 28°C compared with 37°C. Aggregation induced by ADP was also enhanced. Similar results were obtained in hirudinised blood. There was no spontaneous aggregation in PRP but ADP-induced aggregation was enhanced at 28°C. The P2Y12 antagonist AR-C69931 inhibited all spontaneous aggregation at 28°C and reduced all ADP-induced aggregation responses to small, reversible responses. Aspirin had no effect. Aggregation was also enhanced at 28°C compared with 37°C with low but not high concentrations of TRAP and U46619. PAF-induced aggregation was maximal at all concentrations when measured at 28°C, but reversal of aggregation was seen at 37°C. Baseline levels of platelet CD62P and CD63 were significantly enhanced at 28°C compared with 37°C. Expression was significantly increased at 28°C after stimulation with ADP, PAF and TRAP but not after stimulation with U46619. Overall, our results demonstrate an enhancement of platelet function at 28°C compared with 37°C, particularly in the presence of ADP.

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