scholarly journals Gender Differences in Peripheral Vascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 009-016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer Schramm ◽  
Paul Rochon
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractIn the past 20 years, peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. PAD has traditionally been identified as a male-dominant disease; however, recent population trends and studies in PAD suggest that women are affected at least as often as men. Women comprise a larger population of the elderly than men, as well as an increasing proportion of patients with PAD. Much of the existing research on PAD has focused on whole populations, and gender-specific data on PAD is sparse. This review focuses on gender-specific differences in presentation, management, and outcomes of PAD intervention that are important considerations for the interventional radiologist.

Growth Pattern and Use of Inter-pupillary Distance in the Detection of Ocular Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism in Indian Down Syndrome Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Bhalla ◽  
Harvinder Kaur ◽  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Inusha Panigrahi ◽  
Brij Nandan Singh Walia
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Serial Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ocular Hypertelorism ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
North Western

AbstractUse of inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for objective evaluation of ocular hypertelorism and hypotelorism is recommended to corroborate diagnosis of syndromic conditions. In view of complete absence of serial data on growth of IPD, this study aims to unfold auxological dynamics of IPD in Down syndrome (DS) children of Indian origin. Inner canthal distance (ICD) and outer canthal distance (OCD) were measured on a total of 1,125 (male: 752, female: 373) DS children, aged 0 to 3 months to 10 years at 6 monthly age intervals using a “Digimatic Sliding Caliper” in the Growth Laboratory/Growth Clinic of the Institute. Using Feingold and Bossert (1974) formula, IPD at each age was calculated from ICD and OCD measured among male and female DS children. IPD, like OCD and ICD increased un-interruptedly among DS children. IPD grew rapidly up to 5 years thereafter, its rapidity became slower. Boys in general, possessed larger IPD than girls, however, gender differences became statistically significant up to first 4 years of life. Our study children possessed significantly smaller IPD as compared with their normal Indian counterparts. None of our DS children depicted ocular hypertelorism while hypotelorism, was noticed amongst 4.9% male and 16.8% female DS patients. Comparison with normative IPD data failed to establish existence of ocular hypertelorism in DS children (<10 years) of north-western Indian origin. Use of age and gender-specific data presented for IPD of DS children may be made for comparative purpose to ascertain inter-population variability.

Castration anxiety, COVID-19 and the extremist right

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Leeb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychoanalytic Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Castration Anxiety

In this article, I draw on Theodor W. Adorno’s psychoanalytically inspired works on (neo-)fascism and psychoanalytic theory to outline the threat of castration in contemporary capitalist societies on economic, interpersonal and bodily levels. I then explain how the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened people’s castration anxieties on all three levels in a class- and gender-specific way. Finally, I expose how the right extremist president of the United States, Donald Trump, and the right extremist leader of the Austrian Freedom Party, Norbert Hofer, utilised castration anxieties in their psychologically oriented tricks to strengthen their base and capture new followers.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Outlines castration anxieties prevalent in capitalism.</li><br /><li>It shows how the pandemic heightened castration anxieties.</li><br /><li>Discusses how the extremist right utilized castration anxieties to catch followers.</li></ul>

Transgender and Nonbinary Gender Policy in the Public Sector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Elias
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Nonbinary Gender ◽  
And Gender

Our understanding and treatment of gender in the United States has evolved significantly over the past four decades. Transgender individuals in the current U.S. context enjoy more rights and protections than they have in the past; yet, room for progress remains. Moving beyond the traditional male–female binary, an unprecedented number of people now identify as transgender and nonbinary. Transgender identities are at the forefront of gender policy, prompting responses from public agencies at the local, state, and federal levels. Because transgender individuals face increased rates of discrimination, violence, and physical and mental health challenges, compared to their cisgender counterparts, new gender policy often affords legal protections as well as identity-affirming practices such as legal name and gender marker changes on government documents. These rights come from legal decisions, legislation, and administrative agency policies. Despite these victories, recent government action targeting the transgender population threatens the progress that has been made. This underscores the importance of comprehensive policies and education about transgender identities to protect the rights of transgender people.

Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment in Symptomatic Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
Prakash Krishnan ◽  
Arthur Tarricone ◽  
Bhaskar Purushottam ◽  
Simon Chen ◽  
Vishal Kapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Target Lesion ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
Drug Coated Balloon

Objectives: To assess 24-month outcome differences based on sex in symptomatic femoro-popliteal arterial disease of patients treated with drug-coated balloon (DCB). Background: Peripheral artery disease affects over 12 million people in the United States. Drug-coated balloons have shown to be effective in treating patients with symptomatic femoropopliteal arterial occlusive disease. Debate remains regarding its safety and efficacy in female gender. We investigated the differential treatment effect between genders. Methods: Patients (93 females and 102 males) with symptomatic femoropopliteal arterial disease treated with DCB from November 2014 to November 2015 were included in this retrospective study. We compared the resting ankle-brachial indices (ABIs) and peak systolic velocities (PSVs) by arterial duplex between the male and female patients at 6, 12, and 24 months postintervention. Results: Females had significantly smaller vessels (4.70 ± 0.9, P = .02) and higher body mass index (BMI; 30.0 ± 3.7, P = .002) than males. Females had significantly decreased ABI and PSV at the 6-month (ABI: 0.90 ± 0.15, P = .05 and PSV: 188.30 ± 103.1, P = .02), 12-month (ABI: 0.86 ± 0.15, P < .0001 and PSV: 219.10 ± 100.10, P = .001), and at 24-month (ABI: 0.84 ± 0.2, P = .0001 and PSV: 251.0 ± 135.9, P < .0001) intervals when compared to males. Females had increased clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 6 months (females = 8 vs males = 4, P = .22), 12 months (females = 12 vs males = 4, P = .02), and 24 months (females = 14 vs males = 6, P = .03). In simple logistic regression analysis, BMI, age, reference vessel diameter (RVD), and gender were strongly associated with target lesion restenosis. The final model included the above and it produced the following odds ratios (ORs): BMI (OR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.2), age (OR: 1.0, CI: 0.96-1.03), RVD (OR: 1.6, CI: 1.02-2.4), and gender (OR: 3.5, CI: 1.6-7.8). Conclusion: Females treated with DCBs have significantly decreased ABI, PSVs, and an increased rate of TLR than their male counterparts.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Testing for Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6263
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Kozlov ◽  
Olga V. Chernova ◽  
Elena V. Gerasimova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Ivanova ◽  
Alexander N. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Artery Disease

Efficient diagnostic approaches to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly patients are necessary to ensure optimal and timely treatment. The population of suspected CAD patients older than 70 years is especially vulnerable and constantly growing. Finding the optimal diagnostic approach is challenging due to certain features of this population, such as high prevalence of comorbidities, existing contraindications to exercise tests or cognitive decline, which hinders correct assessment of the patient’s situation. Moreover, some symptoms of CAD can have variable significance in the elderly compared to younger adult groups. In this review, we present current recommendations of the United States (US) and European cardiologists’ associations and discuss their applicability for diagnostics in the elderly population. Exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) and exercise stress echocardiography (SE) tests are not feasible for a substantial proportion of elderly patients. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) appears to be an attractive alternative for such patients, but is not universally applicable; for instance, it is problematic in patients with significant calcification of the vessels. Moreover, more studies are needed to compare the results delivered by CTA to those of other diagnostic methods. Future efforts should be focused on comparative studies to better understand the limits and advantages of different diagnostic methods and their combinations. It is possible that some of the currently used diagnostic criteria could be improved to better accommodate the needs of the elderly population.

Ethnicity Significantly Influences Incidence Patterns and Predicts Mortality: Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) In the United States (US)

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2683-2683
Author(s):  
Andrew M Evens ◽  
Eileen Shiuan ◽  
Soyang Kwon ◽  
Leo I Gordon ◽  
Brian Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Black Females ◽  
The Past ◽  
Seer Data ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 2683 Background: Pediatric HL studies have suggested survival differences based on ethnicity. However, little data is available regarding the impact, if any, of ethnicity on incidence patterns, disease histology, and/or survival among adult HL. Methods: We examined data for 13 US SEER areas, several of which contain large Hispanic and Black populations. Case information was obtained from the 11/2009 SEER data submission released April 2010. We analyzed incidence, HL histology, and mortality rates according to ethnicity, age, and gender. We also examined incidence patterns across the past four decades. All analyses used SEER*Stat. Results: A total of 16,783 HL cases were diagnosed among residents in the 13 SEER registry areas during 1992–2007, with non-Hispanic Whites contributing the largest number (n=11,890), followed by Hispanics (n=2,190), and Blacks (n=1,724). Consistent with SEER 9 results (1973 data), Whites show a continued bimodal age-incidence curve (6.0/100,000 ages 25–29, 2.5/100,000 ages 50–54, and 4.5/100,000 age 75–79). However, Blacks have a much less apparent bimodal pattern (4.5/100,000 ages 25–29, 2.6/100,000 ages 50–54, and 3.0/100,000 ages 75–79), while Hispanics are distinctly not bimodal with a small increase at 20–24 (2.4/100,000) followed by an exponential-like increase with peak HL incidence at ages 80–84 (7.0/100,000). Moreover, among persons >65 years, HL is currently significantly more common in Hispanics than Whites (4.7-7.0/100,000 vs 3.9–4.5/100,000, respectively, p<0.05). With gender, HL is more common in males than females, regardless of ethnicity. Interestingly, the male excess, however, does not occur until ages 30–34 (all ethnicities). Furthermore, from 1975–2007, HL incidence increased in Black females (annual percent change (APC) = 2.5; p<0.05) and White females (APC = 0.4; p<0.05). According to histology, both nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity are more common in Whites followed by Blacks and Hispanics, while in persons age 60–84, both histologies are significantly more common in Hispanics compared with Whites and Blacks. Over the past 20 years, mortality has declined within each race by 10.3%–13.7% (p<0.05). However, age-specific ethnic survival disparities are apparent (Figure 1). For ages 65–84, Hispanics have a significantly increased mortality rate compared with Whites/Blacks (p<0.05). Conversely, among ages 20–44, Hispanics have a lower mortality rate versus Whites and Blacks. Conclusions: Multiple important epidemiologic and mortality differences are evident across and within ethnicities in adult HL. *Both sexes (1992-2007). Rates are per 100,000. Mortality source: US Mortality Files, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC. Accessed August 12th, 2010. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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