Debris Apically Extruded by Two Reciprocating Systems: A Comparative Quantitative Study

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of debris apically extruded after instrumentation with two reciprocating systems. Materials and Methods Forty-two single-rooted mandibular premolars with only one straight root canal and apical diameter compatible with a no. 15 K-file were randomly divided into two groups (n = 21) according to the instrument used: ProDesign R (Easy Equipamentos; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil) and Reciproc Blue (VDW; Munich, Germany). Dry Eppendorf tubes were weighed three consecutive times for the initial mean weight. A silicone stopper was then fitted into the mouth of the tube. Each tooth was inserted through the stopper up to the cementoenamel junction and instrumented with one of the two systems to the predetermined working length (18 mm). The root canals were instrumented per root thirds. At each instrumented root third, the canal was irrigated with 3 mL of double-distilled water, followed by patency control. Each stopper was then separated from the tube and tubes were incubated at 70°C for 5 days. Tubes were again weighed, and the amount of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial mean weight from the final mean weight. Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test at a 5% significance level. Results No significant difference was observed in debris extrusion between the ProDesign R and Reciproc Blue systems (p = 0.7557). Conclusions The two reciprocating systems tested produced similar amounts of postinstrumentation apically extruded debris.

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Apical extrusion of debris by manual and mechanical instrumentation

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000100004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lilia E. Leonardi ◽

Diana M. Atlas ◽

Guillermo Raiden

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Group 4 ◽

Apical Extrusion ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of apically extruded debris and evaluate the influence of canal curvature on the amount of debris produced by manual and mechanical techniques. Forty single-rooted mature teeth with 15 to 30 degree of root canal curvature were selected. The presence of only one foramen was confirmed using a magnifying lens. A size 15 K-file was placed up to the apical foramen to determine the patency. Working length was determined with the same instrument, 1 mm short of the foramen. According to the employed technique, the groups were labeled as follows: Group 1 - Manual instrumentation with Mor-flex files; Group 2 - Mechanical instrumentation with Cursor and Mor-flex files; Group 3 - Manual instrumentation with Flexi-cut files; Group 4 - Mechanical instrumentation with Cursor and Flexi-cut files. During instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with 20 mL. Debris extruded through the apical foramen was collected using the Myers and Montgomery technique. The values (in mg) were: Group 1: 0.422 ± 0.683; Group 2: 0.688 ± 0.795; Group 3: 0.409 ± 0.323; Group 4: 0.810 ± 0.708. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA at 5% significance level. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between slight and moderate curvatures in terms of the amount of extruded debris (p>0.05).

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Microbial Leakage of Cavit, IRM, and Temp Bond in Post-prepared Root Canals Using Two Methods of Gutta-percha Removal: An In Vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-6-3-53 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hanan Balto ◽

Saad Al-Nazhan ◽

Khulood Al-Mansour ◽

Moneera Al-Otaibi ◽

Yunus Siddiqu

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Control Group ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Space

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the coronal seal of Temp-Bond and compare it to Cavit and IRM after post space preparation using S. faecalis as a microbial tracer. In addition, the affect of two methods of gutta percha removal on the apical seal of root canal fillings was also evaluated. Forty extracted human single rooted teeth were prepared chemomechanically and obturated with gutta percha and AH26 sealer cement using the lateral cold condensation technique to a standardized working length of 15 mm. About 10 mm of the coronal gutta-percha was removed with either Peeso-reamer or a hot plugger. The roots were divided into three experimental groups of 10 roots and a control group. Each experimental group was subdivided equally into two groups of 15 each according to the method of post space preparation. Cavit, IRM, and Temp-Bond were used to seal the access opening. Each root was fixed in a cuvette containing Tryptic Soya Broth which, covered 2 mm of the root apex. Bacterial suspension was introduced through pipette. Fresh bacterial suspension was added every week, and the system was monitored daily for the growth of microorganisms for a period of one month. The results showed there was no significant difference in terms of coronal leakage between the three coronal materials used (P=0.478), but the methods of gutta-percha removal did have an impact on the apical leakage (P=0.047). The mean value showed the Peeso-reamer provided less leakage compared to using a hot plugger during the 30-day experimental time period. It was concluded the temporary type of coronal seal of endodontically treated teeth will not prevent coronal leakage if left for a long period of time. In addition, permanent cementation of the post with the coronal restoration should be carried out as soon as possible to prevent recontamination of the root canal. Citation Balto H, Al-Nazhan S, Al-Mansour K, Al-Otaibi M, Siddiqu Y. Microbial Leakage of Cavit, IRM, and Temp Bond in Post-prepared Root Canals Using Two Methods of Gutta-percha Removal: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:053-061.

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Effect of glide path on transportation promoted by NiTi and M-Wire instruments

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Tatiane Pires Nogueira ◽

Ellen Roberta Lima Bessa ◽

Eduardo Da Costa Nunes ◽

André Augusto Franco Marques ◽

Lucas Da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Path Creation ◽

Dental Instruments ◽

Glide Path ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Objective: To evaluate the effect of glide path creation on transportation promoted by NiTi and M-Wire instruments. Material and Methods: Sixty polyester resin blocks containing a simulated root canal were distributed into four groups (n=15), according to the protocols/systems used for root canal preparation: GPR group - glide path + Revo-S system; R group - no glide path + Revo-S system; GPPN group - glide path + ProTaper Next system and PN group - no glide path + ProTaper Next system. Root canals were photographed before and after preparation, and the images were superimposed to evaluate the transportation at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The time spent to perform preparation was also measured (seconds). Data were submitted to the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05) for statistical analysis. Results: In the apical third, there was no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). GPR and R groups were similar in the middle third (p>0.05). However, the transportation value in GPR group was statistically higher in comparison with GPPN and PN groups (p<0.05). In the coronal third, GPR and R groups were similar (p>0.05). Only R group presented significant difference in comparison with GPPN and PN groups (p<0.05). There was no difference among groups about time spent to perform preparation (p>0.05). Conclusion: None of the systems were capable of maintaining the original trajectory of the simulated root canal, and the glide path had no effect on the transportation promoted by instruments.KeywordsDental instruments; Endodontics; Root canal preparation.

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A comparative study of root canal shaping using protaper universal and protaper next rotary files in preclinical dental education

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gül Çelik ◽

Feyza Özdemir Kısacık ◽

Emir Faruk Yılmaz ◽

Arife Mersinlioğlu ◽

İhsan Furkan Ertuğrul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Dental Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Working Length ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Canal Shaping

BackgroundDentistry has undergone an evolution in endodontics practice caused by the advancement of rotary techniques for root canal preparation and their subsequent incorporation into the teaching of dentistry undergraduates. This research aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of third-year dental students as their first experience in rotary instrumentation using ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Next (PTN) (Dentsply Maillefer) rotary instruments in simulated curved canals.MethodsForty students instrumented 200 simulated canals with a 40° curvature in resin blocks according to the manufacturer’s instructions with PTU and 39 students and 195 canals with PTN files. The canals were prepared at a speed of 300 rpm using a 16:1 reduction hand-piece powered by an electric motor (Xsmart; Dentsply Maillefer). The final apical preparation was set to F2 for the PTU and X2 for the PTN group. The change in canal curvature was evaluated based on Schneider technique using the AutoCAD 2007 software on post-digital photographs. The incidence of instrument fracture and deformation, the incidence of ledge, the change in working length (WL), and the working time were noted. The data were analyzed with Student’st-test and Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS.ResultsPTN maintained the original canal curvature better, resulting in fewer fractures and ledges, and shaped the canals faster than the PTU (P < 0.05). The mean curves of the resin canals after the instrumentation for the PTU and PTN groups were 24.03° ± 3.14° and 25.64° ± 2.72°, respectively. Thirty-three (17.4%) PTU and 18 (9.3%) PTN files fractured (p < 0.05). Nine (4.5%) PTU and 2 (2.6%) PTN deformed (p > 0.05). The change in WL after instrumentation was 0.97 mm ± 0.95 mm in PTU and 0.96 mm ± 0.80 mm in PTN (p < 0.05). The mean times were 627 s ± 18 s for PTU and 379 s ± 18 s for PTN (p < 0.000).DiscussionPTN can be recommended in severely curved root canals in terms of maintenance of the original canal curvature, superior instrument fracture and fewer ledges. Even if training before preparation provides an acceptable level of canal shaping for preclinical students, the use of NiTi rotary instruments should be included in the undergraduate dental curriculum, contributing to an increase in the quality of root canal shaping and, consequently, to an improvement of the clinical experience of students.

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Performance of RaCe Instrumentation System in Curved Root Canals: A Comprehensive Analysis by Three Study Methods

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201301920 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 230-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denise Piotto Leonardi ◽

Gilson Blitzkow Sydney ◽

Mario Tanomaru Filho ◽

Flares Baratto-Filho ◽

Samantha Schaffer Pugsley Baratto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Study Methods ◽

Root Canals ◽

Working Length ◽

Apical Transportation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Canal Enlargement ◽

Curved Root Canals

In this study, curved maxillary molar root canals were instrumented with RaCe rotary system to evaluate: 1. the occurrence of canal transportation using a radiographic platform; 2. the action of the instruments on the dentin walls, centering ability and canal enlargement by analysis of digital images; and the percentage of regular dentin surfaces and debris within the canal by histological analysis. Ten mesiobuccal roots of extracted human maxillary molars were embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned at the middle and apical thirds. Root canal shaping was performed using the RaCe rotary system at 250 rpm and 1 Ncm torque. Each instrument set was used five times according to a crown-down technique in the following sequence: 40/0.10, 35/0.08, 25/0.06, 25/0.04, 25/0.02 (working length - WL), 30/0.02 (WL) and 35/0.02 (WL). Each instrument was inserted until resistance was felt and then pulled back, followed by brushing movements towards all canal walls. Each specimen was assessed by three study methods: radiographic platform, digitized image assessment and histological analysis. The radiographic platform showed lack of apical transportation. No statistically significant difference (Wilcoxon test, p>0.05) was found between the middle and apical thirds regarding instrument action on dentin walls, centering ability, area of root canal enlargement, percentage of regular dentin surfaces and debris within the root canal. It may be concluded that RaCe system is a suitable method for the preparation of curved root canals, regarding the maintenance of root canal original path, action on dentin walls, canal enlargement and removal of debris from the root canal lumen.

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The influence of working length on the reduction of biofilm and planktonic bacteria in oval canals with reciprocating instrumentation

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e9810514765

Author(s):

Arieth Cristina Sacomani ◽

Fernanda Tessaro Cintra ◽

Adriana de Jesus Soares ◽

Marcos Frozoni

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Growth ◽

Root Canal ◽

Negative Control ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Planktonic Bacteria ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference

To evaluate the influence of reciprocating single-file instrumentation with different working lengths (WL) on the reduction of planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilm in Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated oval root canals. Methodology: Fifty-five human single-rooted canines were used. Fifty were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days for biofilm formation. To confirm the formation of biofilm adhered to the root canal wall, 5 contaminated samples from positive control group were analyzed by SEM. Samples were assigned into 3 groups (n = 15) according to working length determined, G+1 root canal preparation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen, G0 root canal preparation at the major foramen, and G-1 root canal preparation 1 mm short of the major foramen. Five roots were not inoculated to serve as a negative control. Bacteriological samples were collected prior to preparation, initial collection (S1), and after reciprocating instrumentation (S2) by disaggregating biofilm to quantify the reduction of planktonic bacteria and intracanal biofilm at different WL. Bacterial quantitation was performed using colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU / mL) count. Statistical analysis was performed at the significance level of 0.05. Results: No bacterial growth was observed in the negative control. All positive controls demonstrated bacterial growth; S1 from all teeth were positive for bacteria with no significant difference. The post-hoc analysis showed G+1 promoting a significantly higher disinfection than G-1 (p<0,05) and G-1 similar disinfection to G0 (P=962). Conclusion: Instrumentation as close as possible to major foramen or beyond it improves decontamination in oval root canals with reciprocating instrumentation.

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Shaping Ability, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Fractographic Analysis of Hybrid and Reciprocating Nickel Titanium Endodontic Instruments

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10020172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saulius Drukteinis ◽

Vytaute Peciuliene ◽

Ruta Bendinskaite ◽

Vilma Brukiene ◽

Rasmute Maneliene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Resistance ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cyclic Fatigue ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Working Length ◽

Before And After ◽

Canal Transportation ◽

Shaping Ability

The aim of this study was to investigate the shaping ability and cyclic fatigue resistance of Genius (GN) and WaveOne (WO) nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. Forty mesial root canals of mandibular molars were randomly divided into two groups, according to the instrument system used for root canal preparation (n = 20): GN and WO. Root canals were prepared to the full working length using the crown-down technique, with up to 40.04 instruments for GN group and 40.08 instruments for WO group. Specimens were scanned with a µCT before and after instrumentation. The changes in 3D parameters and degree of canal transportation were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals. Size 25, taper 0.04 (GN) and 0.08 (WO) instruments (n = 20) were used in simulated root canals until fracturing, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was recorded. The fractured files were investigated under a scanning electron microscope to characterize fractured surfaces. Data were analyzed using ANOVA post hoc Tuckey’s tests with the significance level set at 5%. The GN system was able to prepare the higher percentage of the canal surface with less canal transportation in all root canal thirds and displayed the higher resistance to cyclic fatigue in comparison to WO instruments (p < 0.05). However, the length of the fractured segments was not significantly different among the groups; meanwhile, SEM investigations revealed the typical topographic characteristics of fractured surfaces. Hybrid GN instruments demonstrated superior shaping ability and resistance to cyclic fatigue. However, both NiTi instrument systems prepared the root canals with no significant shaping errors, considerable changes in 3D parameters and no significant differences in the topographic appearances of the instrument surfaces after fractures.

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NSK reciprocating handpiece: in vitro comparative analysis of dentinal removal during root canal preparation by different operators

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402006000100003 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Márcia Helena Wagner ◽

Fernando Branco Barletta ◽

Magda de Souza Reis ◽

Luciano Loureiro Mello ◽

Ronise Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

The Other ◽

Dental Student ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group 4 ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

General Dentist

The purpose of this study was to assess dentin removal during root canal preparation by different operators using a NSK reciprocating handpiece. Eighty-four human single-rooted mandibular premolars were hand instrumented using Triple-Flex stainless-steel files (Kerr) up to #30, weighed in analytical balance and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=21). All specimens were mechanically prepared at the working length with #35 to #45 Triple-Flex files (Kerr) coupled to a NSK (TEP-E10R, Nakanishi Inc.) reciprocating handpiece powered by an electric motor (Endo Plus; VK Driller). Groups 1 to 4 were prepared by a professor of Endodontics, an endodontist, a third-year dental student and a general dentist, respectively. Teeth were reweighed after root canal preparation. The difference between weights was calculated and the means of dentin removal in each group were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5 % significance level. The greatest amount of dentin removal was found in group 4, followed by groups 2, 3 and 1. Group 4 differed statistically from the other groups regarding dentin removal means [p<0.001 (group 1); p=0.005 (group 2); and p=0.001 (group3)]. No statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.608), 1 and 3 (p=0.914) and 2 and 3 (p=0.938). In conclusion, although the group prepared by a general dentist differed statistically from the other groups in terms of amount of dentin removal, this difference was clinically irrelevant. The NSK reciprocating handpiece powered by an electric engine was proved an effective auxiliary tool in root canal preparation, regardless of the operator's skills.

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Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1771 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 859-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renato de Toledo Leonardo ◽

Gisselle Moraima Chávez-Andrade ◽

Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽

Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽

Lucas Martinati Miano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Pressure ◽

Root Canal ◽

Canal System ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Irrigation Methods ◽

Working Length ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Contrast Solution

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning of main and lateral canals using the irrigation methods: negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and manual irrigation (MI). Materials and methods Resin teeth were used. After root canal preparation, four lateral canals were made at 2 and 7 mm from the apex. Root canals were filled with contrast solution and radiographed pre- and post-irrigation using digital radiographic system [radiovisiography (RVG)]. The irrigation protocols were: MI1—manual irrigation [22 G needle at 5 mm short of working length-WL]; MI2—manual irrigation (30G needle at 2 mm short of WL); PUI; EV1—EndoVac (microcannula at 1 mm short of WL); EV2—Endovac (microcannula at 3 mm short of WL). The obtained images, initial (filled with contrast solution) and final (after irrigation) were analyzed by using image tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (5% significance level). Results EV1 and EV2, followed by PUI showed better cleaning capacity than manual irrigation (MI1 and MI2) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Negative pressure irrigation and PUI promoted better cleaning of main and simulated lateral canals. Clinical significance Conventional manual irrigation technique may promote less root canal cleaning in the apical third. For this reason, the search for other irrigation protocols is important, and EndoVac and PUI are alternatives to contribute to irrigation effectiveness. How to cite this article Tanomaru-Filho M, Miano LM, Chávez-Andrade GM, Torres FFE, de Toledo RL, Guerreir-Tanomaru JM. Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):859-863.

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of reciprocal and conventional shaping systems and EDDY and CanalBrush activation systems in calcium hydroxide removal

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Neslihan Büşra Keskin ◽

Selen İnce Yusufoğlu

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Native Speakers ◽

T Test ◽

Operating Microscope ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Native Speakers Of English ◽

Calcium Hydroxide Removal

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of two preparation systems and two irrigation techniques in calcium hydroxide removal from straight root canals. Methodology: Forty-four mandibular premolar teeth were included in this study. The teeth were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and randomly divided into two different preparation groups (Reciproc 50 (R50; VDW, Munich, Germany and ProTaper Universal F5 (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Subsequently, the groups were divided into two subgroups and irrigated using EDDY (VDW, Munich, Germany) and CanalBrush (CB; Roeko, Langenau, Germany) irrigation activation systems. The percentage of calcium hydroxide removed from the canal walls was analyzed using a dental operating microscope (DOM) at 25× magnification. An independent samples t-test, a Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon’s tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in calcium hydroxide removal throughout the root canal using the R50 and PTU F5 preparation systems (P = 0.847). Both activation systems significantly increased the amount of calcium hydroxide removed from the root canal. Conclusions: EDDY and CB significantly improved calcium hydroxide removal. There was no significant difference between the R50 and PTU F5 systems in calcium hydroxide removal. How to cite this article: Keskin NB, İnce Yusufoğlu S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of reciprocal and conventional shaping systems and EDDY and CanalBrush activation systems in calcium hydroxide removal. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):16-22. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.4 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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