scholarly journals Morphology and morphometry of mental foramen in adult human mandibles of North Indian population

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Poonam Verma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Circular Opening ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background and aim : Mental foramen is an oval or circular opening present on the anterior surface of mandible through which the mental nerve and vessels exit It forms an intportant landmark for human mandible for both invasive and noninvasive procedures. Its position vary according to the age and race. The aim of the study is to provide data on morphology and morphometry of mental foramen. Materials and Methods : The present study was done on ninety dried adult human mandibles of unknown age and sex. Incidences and shapes of the mental and accessory mental foramen were observed. Size and the distances from the various landmarks were noted with the help of digital Vernier calipers. Results: Mental forantina were found bilaterally in all (100%) the mandibles. Accessory mental foramina were found in five mandibles (5.5%) on right side and three mandibles (3.3%) on left side. Shape of the mental foramina was predominantly rounded. Average size of mental and accessory mental foramina was 2.56 mm and 1 mm respectively. The position of the mental foramina below the apex of second premolar , between the first and second premolar and between the second premolar and first molar and below the apex of first premolar tooth were 64.4%, 21.1%, 8.8% and 5.5% respectively. The average distance of the accessory mental forantina from the mental foramen was 0.66 mm and average location was below the first molar tooth. Conclusion: All these findings can supplement useful data for population diversities and can help the surgeons, anatomists, orthodontists and paleoanthropologists to carry out their procedures successfully.

scholarly journals Study of Number, Shape, Size and Position of Mental Foramen in Bangladeshi Dry Adult Human Mandible

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mesbahul Hoque ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Shahanaz Begum ◽  
AHM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Md Abdul Momen
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Accessory Mental Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

Context: Paralysis of the mental nerve is one of the principal complications of surgery of the mandibular canal and mental foramen region. Therefore, identification of mental foramen is important for dental surgeons in nerve block and surgical procedures like apico curettage of mandibular premolars, amalgam filling, peridental surgery etc. to avoid injury to neurovascular bundle. Verification of the existence of accessory mental foramina would prevent accessory mental nerve injury during periapical surgery. Therefore, prior knowledge of morphology and morphometry of mental and accessory mental foramen to particular block may cause effective mental block anaesthesia. Besides this, mental foramen and accessory mental foramen have been found to vary in position in different ethnic groups. So, it is important to study the morphology and morphometry of mental foramen. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical type of study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College using dried adult human mandibles of unknown sexes. Number and shapes of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen were observed. Size and position were determined by using digital sliding calipers. Result: Mental foramen was present in all one hundred and eighty five (185) observed mandibles and it was bilateral. Accessory mental foramen was present in 1.62% on left side while on right side, it was 0.54%. None of the mandibles presented with bilateral accessory mental foramen. Shape was predominantly oval with 55.7% on right side and 53.5% on left side while it was round in 44.3% on right side and 46.5% on left side. Mental foramen was commonly located between 1st and 2nd premolar, below 2nd premolar and between 2nd premolar and 1st molar. Conclusion: Prior knowledge of mental foramen variations helps surgeon in planning surgery in that region to avoid nerve damage and also for effective mental nerve block anaesthesia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i1.20501 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2013, Vol. 11 No. 1 pp 7-10

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN AND INCIDENCE OF ACCESSORY MANDIBULAR FORAMINA IN ADULT HUMAN MANDIBLES OF AN INDIAN POPULATION. Análisis morfométrico del foramen mandibular e incidencia de la foramina mandibular accesoria en mandíbulas adult

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajna Paramita Samanta ◽  
Poonam Kharb
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedures ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Mandibular Notch

El foramen mandibular es un importante hito anatómico. Para procedimientos como el bloqueo alveolar inferior del nervio, el tratamiento con implantes y osteotomías mandibulares, un profundo conocimiento de la ubicación del foramen mandibular (MF) y el foramen mandibular accesorio (AMF) es un requisito previo. Hay pocas referencias en la literatura con respecto a la localización anatómica exacta del foramen mandibular. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la ubicación exacta de la MF y la incidencia de la AMF alrededor MF en una población india. Sesenta (60) mandíbulas humanas adultas fueron estudiadas para determinar la distancia del LV de la los anteriores, bordes posteriores de la rama mandibular, maxilar inferior categoría y el ángulo de la mandíbula. AMF todo el MF también fueron estudiados por su presencia y números. La distancia media de MF del borde anterior de rama mandibular fue 15,72 ±2,92 mm(lado derecho), 16,23 ±2,88 mm(lado izquierdo), de borde posterior fue 13,29 ±1,74 mm(lado derecho) y 12,73 ±2,04 mm(a la izquierda lado). La MF se encuentra 22,70 ±3 mm(lado derecho) y 22, 27 ± 2,62 mm(lado izquierdo) de la muesca mandibular. La distancia de MF de ángulo de la mandíbula fue 21,54 ±2,92 mm(lado derecho) y 21,13 ±3.43 mm(lado izquierdo). AMF estuvieron presentes en el 16, 66% de las mandíbulas. En 10% de las mandíbulas una sola AMF estaba presente y en el 6,66% hubo dos agujeros presentes. La ubicación del MF y AMF es importante para evitar compli-caciones como hemorragia y parestesia durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos orales y también para los radioterapeutas en la planificación de la radioterapia.  The mandibular foramen is an important anatomical land mark. For procedures like inferior alveolar nerve block, implant treatment and mandibular osteotomies, a thorough knowledge of the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) and accessory mandibular foramina (AMFs) is a prerequisite. There are few references in the literature regarding the exact anatomical location of the mandibular foramen. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the precise location of the MF and the incidence of AMFs around MF in an Indian population. Sixty (60) adult human mandibles were studied to determine the distance of the MF from the anterior, posterior borders of the mandibular ramus, mandibular notch and angle of the mandible. AMFs around the MF were also studied for their presence and numbers. The average distance of MF from the anterior border of mandibular ramus was 15.72 ±2.92 mm(right side), 16.23 ±2.88 mm(left side), from posterior border was 13.29  ±1.74 mm(right side) and 12.73 ±2.04 mm(left side).The MF was located 22.70 ±3 mm(right side) and  22.27 ±2.62 mm(left side) from mandibular notch. The distance of MF from angle of mandible was 21.54 ±2.92 mm(right side) and 21.13 ±3.43 mm(left side). AMFs were present in 16.66% of mandibles. In 10% mandibles a single AMF was present and in 6.66 % double foramina were present. Location of MF and AMF is important to avoid complications like hemorrhage and paresthesia during oral surgical procedures and also for radiotherapists in planning radiation therapy. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the size and location of the mental foramen and anterior loop of the lower alveolar nerve in the Brazilian population using cone beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e36410817216
Author(s):  
Caroline Chepernate Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Izabella Sol ◽  
Karen Rawen Tonini ◽  
Leda Maria Pescinini Salzedas ◽  
Fernanda Costa Yogui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Size

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the size, shape and location of the mental foramen (MF) and anterior loop (AL) in the Brazilian population through the analysis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography (PR). Method: We analyzed the location, shape and size of the MF, the distance between the upper wall of the MF and the alveolar crest (AC), the size of the AL and the presence of lingual anastomosis. Results: Fifty PR and CBCT exams were analyzed. In relation to the MF, the most common location was between premolars (56%), the most common shape was the oval shape (83%) and the average size in the PR was 3.63 mm and in the CBCT was3.66 mm. The average distance from the MF to the AC in the PR was 17.29 mm and in the CBCT was 11.48 mm. The average AL size was 3 mm, the smallest being 1 mm and the largest being 5 mm. Static analysis was performed to verify the relationship between the distance from the foramen to the AC with the values ​​that were found in the PR and CBCT, which showed a statistically significant difference (p=<0.001) between them. Lingual anastomosis could be seen in 22% of the analyzed hemimandibles. Conclusion: CBCT is a reliable diagnostic test for planning rehabilitation near the MF. The distance between the implant and the foramen must be analyzed individually.

scholarly journals Study of Position, Shape, and Size of Mental Foramen Utilizing Various Parameters in Dry Adult Human Mandibles from North India

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Budhiraja ◽  
Rakhi Rastogi ◽  
Rekha Lalwani ◽  
Prabhat Goel ◽  
Subhash Chandra Bose
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
North India ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background. As the mental foramen (MF) is an important landmark to facilitate surgical, local anesthetic, and other invasive procedures, the present study was aimed to elucidate its morphological features and morphometric parameters with reference to surrounding landmarks. Material and Method. 105 dry adult human mandibles of unknown sex were observed for position, shape, and number of mental foramina. Their size was measured using a digital vernier caliper and statistically analyzed by mean and standard deviations (SD). Results. In most cases (74.3%), the MF was oval in shape and situated on the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar tooth (61% on right side and 59.1% on left side). The mean distance for the right and left sides was measured from various landmarks. Conclusion. Prior knowledge of mental foramen variations helps surgeons in planning surgery in that region to avoid nerve damage and also enable effective mental nerve block anesthesia.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human dry mandibles of nepalese population

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Kadel ◽  
Bishwo P Sedhain ◽  
Prakash MS Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Age And Sex

Background:  Mental foramina are located bilaterally in the antero-lateral aspect of the body of mandible. It transmits mental nerve, and vessels. The location, shape, size, direction and number of mental foramen in human mandibles are subject of variation. Aims and Objective: To establish the location, shape, size, direction and incidence of mental foramen (MF) in dry human mandibles of Nepalese population.Materials and Methods: One hundred dry human mandibles of unknown age and sex were selected randomly.  Shape, size, position of MF with respect to tooth and other anatomical landmark were determined. Student paired t-test was used for specific statistical analysis.Results: In most cases (61%), the MF was oval in shape & situated below the apex of second premolar (58% on right side and 69% on left side). Various parameters investigated were, the horizontal distance between (1) base of mandible and MF was 12.24 mm on right and 12.26mm on the left, (2) alveolar margin and MF was 13.95 mm on right &13.75 mm on left (3) symphysis menti of mandible and MF was 26.71 mm on right and 26.49 mm on left, (4) posterior border of mandible and MF was 65.34 mm on right and 65.68mm on left.Conclusion: By the knowledge of position, shape, size, direction and distance of the mental foramen from various landmarks and the presence of the accessory foramen may be of much use to dental surgeons.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 82-86

scholarly journals Radiographic Localization of Mental Foramen in Northeast and South Indian Ethnic Groups of Indian Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-769
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Prahalad Hunsigi ◽  
Balakasi Reddy Kaipa ◽  
Rajini Reddy ◽  
Chakki B Arun Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Common Location ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Background and objectives The position of mental foramen varies in different ethnic groups. The position of mental foramen is mainly important for achieving effective mental nerve block to carry out dental surgical procedures in mandible. Deviation in its position can be a cause of complication during local anesthesia or surgical procedures. The position of the mental foramen in South Indian and Northeast Indian population has not been reported. The purpose of the current study was to determine the most common location of the mental foramen (MF) and its bilateral symmetry in selected Indian population. Materials and methods 380 digital panoramic radiographs (DPR) of a randomly selected 2 Ethnic groups of Indian population were studied. Results The common position (59.2%) of the mental foramen was located between the 1st and 2nd premolars (P3) in Northeast Indians and in South Indians the common location (62.8%) was in line with the long axis of the 2nd premolar (P4), which was statistically significant in both Populations. Conclusion A bilateral symmetry was observed in the location of mental foramina, either mesial to or in line with the long axis of the 2nd premolar, which is consistent with the observations of similar studies in various ethnic or racial groups. In our study a statistically significant association between the 2 ethnic groups and the position of mental foramen exists. Therefore the position of mental foramen may be specific to racial groups facilitating accurate landmark for mental nerve block depending on the ethnic group. Further, studies are required with larger sample for better understanding of mental foramen location in different ethnic groups. How to cite this article Kumar V, Hunsigi P, Kaipa BR, Reddy R, Ealla KKR, Kumar CBA, Prasanna MD. Radiographic Localization of Mental Foramen in Northeast and South Indian Ethnic Groups of Indian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):766-769.

Morphology and Morphometry of Mental Foramen in the Region of Maharashtra

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kishwor Bhandari ◽  
◽  
Haritha K Nimmagadda ◽  
Aruna Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

Temporal Changes in Habitat Selection and Nest Spacing in a Colony of Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Robert McLandress
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Snow Goose ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Lesser Snow Geese ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Island Habitats

Abstract I studied the nesting colony of Ross' Geese (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens) at Karrak Lake in the central Arctic of Canada in the summer of 1976. Related studies indicated that this colony had grown from 18,000 birds in 1966-1968 to 54,500 birds in 1976. In 1976, geese nested on islands that were used in the late 1960's and on an island and mainland sites that were previously unoccupied. Average nest density in 1976 was three-fold greater than in the late 1960's. Consequently, the average distance to nearest neighbors of Ross' Geese in 1976 was half the average distance determined 10 yr earlier. The mean clutch size of Ross' Geese was greater in island habitats where nest densities were high than in less populated island or mainland habitats. The average size of Snow Goose clutches did not differ significantly among island habitats but was larger at island than at mainland sites. Large clutches were most likely attributable to older and/or earlier nesting females. Habitat preferences apparently differed between species. Small clutches presumably indicated that young geese nested in areas where nest densities were low. The establishment of mainland nesting at Karrak Lake probably began with young Snow Geese using peripheral areas of the colony. Young Ross' Geese nested in sparsely populated habitats on islands to a greater extent than did Snow Geese. Ross' Geese also nested on the mainland but in lower densities than Ross' Geese nesting in similar island habitats. Successful nests with the larger clutches had closer conspecific neighbors than did successful nests with smaller clutches. The species composition of nearest neighbors changed significantly with distance from Snow Goose nests but not Ross' Goose nests. Nesting success was not affected by the species of nearest neighbor, however. Because they have complementary antipredator adaptations, Ross' and Snow geese may benefit by nesting together.

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