scholarly journals SLEEP DURATION AND SLEEP HYGIENE PRACTICES IN ADOLESCENTS: AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 065-068
Author(s):  
Bindu John
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Aim: The study aims at assessing the sleep hygiene practices among Indian adolescents and to identify the age and gender influence on sleep duration and sleep hygiene practices. Methods: The data was drawn from a part of pilot study conducted among adolescents from sixth to 12 grade in India as a part of doctoral research. A stratified random sampling method was used. A total of 58 adolescents, 29 males and 29 females participated in the study. Data was collected using two questionnaires, one for the general demographic data with a part on sleep duration and the second for estimating the sleep hygiene practices. Results: The adolescents slept on an average of 7.68±.99 h during school days, and 8.70±1.63 h on weekends. Middle adolescents slept less than early adolescents. Gender showed no significance with sleep duration, since p-values were >.05 level of significance. The mean sleep hygiene index scores were 28.59 ±6.71. Even though the sleep hygiene scores of males were slightly better than females, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Adolescents in the study obtained less than recommended hours of sleep for their age on school days. Sleep hygiene practices were moderately poor among adolescents. Emphasizing good sleep hygiene practices, and integrating sleep promotion programs into daily routines should be considered to improve the sleep problems in adolescents.

Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in young child psychiatric outpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Huhdanpää ◽  
Liisa Klenberg ◽  
Hannu Westerinen ◽  
Tuija Fontell ◽  
Eeva T Aronen
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Problem ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Daytime Somnolence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
And Gender

Background: Sleep may underlie psychiatric symptoms in young children. However, not many studies have reported on sleep and its associations with symptoms in young child psychiatric patients. Objectives: To assess the amount and quality of sleep and how sleep associates with psychiatric symptoms in young child psychiatric patients. Furthermore, we evaluated how sleep and daytime somnolence differed in patients and their age- and gender-matched controls. Method: The sample consisted of 139 3- to 7-year-old child psychiatric outpatients and 139 age- and gender-matched controls from community. We evaluated sleep and daytime somnolence with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children in all children and psychiatric symptoms with Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) in the patient group. Family background information was collected from the patients. Results: Of the patients, 31.6% had a significant sleep problem and 14.4% slept too little. The most typical sleep problems were restless sleep (31.7%), morning tiredness (21.6%) and difficulties getting to sleep at night (18.7%). All types of sleep problems were associated with CBCL total, internalising and externalising problems (all p-values < .01). We observed a strong association between all types of sleep problems and emotionally reactive subscale ( p-value < .001). Furthermore, parent-reported sleep problems increased significantly the risk of having high scores on total (odds ratio (OR) = 5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [2.2, 12.6], p < .001), external (OR = 3.7, 95%, CI = [1.6, 8.5], p < .01) and internal (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = [1.1, 5.5], p < .05) scores after controlling for age, gender, family structure and parent’s educational level. Even mild sleep disturbance increased the intensity of psychiatric symptoms. Compared to controls, patients slept less ( p < .001) and had significantly more frequent restless sleep, nightmares and morning and daytime somnolence. Conclusion: Sleep problems and too little sleep are prevalent in young child psychiatric patients, and they relate strongly to the intensity of psychiatric symptoms. Identification and treatment of sleep problems should be a routine part of the treatment plan for young child psychiatric patients. The results emphasise the need for assessing sleep in young child psychiatric patients, as treating the sleep problem may reduce psychiatric symptoms.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of breast cancer incidence in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (05) ◽  
pp. 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ◽  
Kamyar Mansori ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Shiva Mansouri Hanis ◽  
Somayeh Khazaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Geographic Disparity ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Preventive Policy

Background: A geographic disparity for breast cancer (BC) incidence by provinces is introduced in Iran. Present study aimed to clarify the geographic disparity of BC incidence after considering the age and gender. Methods: In this ecological study data about BC incidence extracted from reports of national registry of cancer (NCR), and Disease Control and Prevention in 2008. BC incidence mapping was conducted in geographic information system (GIS). Results: The results were consistent with previous reports but extend the previous knowledge with regarding the age and gender. Highest age specific rates (ASRs) of BC occurred in the provinces located in Central and Northern of Iran. Tehran and Sistan & Balochestan had highest and lowest ASR for male BC and female BC respectively. Conclusion: given that BC occurs more in Central and Northern provinces that are mainly with high socioeconomic status (SES) levels, so it is suggested that disparity in BC incidence can be reduced through planning special programs such as education, screening, and preventive policy in provinces with high priorities. 

scholarly journals Development of the Canadian Substance Use Exposure Database (CanSUED): Modeling the prevalence of substance use in Canadian Jurisdictions, 2006 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zhao ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Justin Sorge ◽  
Adam Sherk ◽  
John Dorocicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Small area and regional estimates of substance use (SU) exposures are increasingly needed to support estimation of the burden of SU-attributable morbidity and mortality. There is also a need to assess SU prevalence for subgroups by place, time and sociodemographic characteristics to plan the efficient delivery of treatment and harm reduction services. However, the data available from national surveys are often insufficient to produce reliable estimates for subgroups because of small sample sizes. There are also often missing estimates for some jurisdictions and some years when no surveys were conducted. We describe new methods which utilize Canadian national survey data of SU, sales, SU attributable hospitalisations and demographic data to develop the Canadian Substance Use Exposure Database (CanSUED). Estimates from this database have been used in the study of Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harm (CSUCH). Methods Exposures were estimated for eight substance categories: alcohol, tobacco, opioids, cannabis, cocaine, other central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, other CNS depressants and other psychoactive substances. The design-based direct estimates of SU were based on the Canadian Alcohol and Drug Monitoring Survey (CADUMS) in 2008-2012, the Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Survey (CTADS) in 2013, 2015 and 2017, per capita alcohol and tobacco sales, and rates of wholly SU-attributable hospitalisations for all Canadian jurisdictions by age and gender. Multilevel models were used to model the design-based estimates of SU to produce reliable estimates for subgroups when the coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimates were > 33.3% and to predict SU exposure in ten provinces in 2006, 2007, 2014 and 2016 and in the three territories for 2006-2017 by using empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP). Results Direct design-based estimates were based on the surveys from a total of 107,750 Canadians aged 15+. The analyses produced reliable estimates of SU prevalence by year-province-gender-age using mixed models with the EBLUP method. Correlational analyses show that the model-based estimates were significantly related to the design-based estimates produced from both the CADUMS/CTADS and Canadian Community Health Survey. The new model estimates indicate increases in binge drinking, cannabis use, other CNS depressant substance use and cocaine use between 2006 and 2017. Rates of use of opioids and tobacco showed declines. Rates of use of other substances were relatively stable or did not show overall change across the whole time period. Conclusion The mixed model-adjusted approaches produced reliable estimates for small areas and age-gender groups and help fill gaps caused by data suppression in local and national surveys. We suggest that these methods provide the most comprehensive and reliable estimates available of Canadian substance use by substance category, year, jurisdiction, age and gender. The methods could also be applied in other countries where similar data are available.

scholarly journals Difficulties in Getting to Sleep and their Association with Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents: Does the Sleeping Duration Influence this Association?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kosticova ◽  
Daniela Husarova ◽  
Zuzana Dankulincova
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
And Gender

Sleep problems are common in adolescence with a negative impact on the mental health and functioning of adolescents. However, the roles of different sleep problems in relation to emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs), classified according to the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and social functioning disorders, are not clear. The first aim of the study was to investigate the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs in adolescents. The second aim was to explore the role of sleep duration in this association. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia. Presented are results for specific age groups of 13-year-old (N = 1909) and 15-year-old (N = 1293) adolescents. Subjective measures of sleep variables were used. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to assess associations between difficulties in getting to sleep, sleep duration and EBPs measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Modification of the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs by sleep duration was also explored. We found that difficulties in getting to sleep at least once a week as well as insufficient sleep (less than 8 h) increased the probability of EBPs. Interactions of sleep duration with difficulties in getting to sleep on EBPs were found to be non-significant. The results suggest that caregivers and clinicians should screen and intervene for both sleep quality and quantity problems in adolescents as they might indicate and promote EBPs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children of Udaipur, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S045-S053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Tak ◽  
Ramesh Nagarajappa ◽  
Archana J Sharda ◽  
Kailash Asawa ◽  
Aniruddh Tak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
School Children ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children of Udaipur, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 887 subjects aged 12-15 years. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs was assessed using dental aesthetic index (World Health Organization, 1997). General information on demographic data was also recorded. Chi-square test, analysis of variance and Scheffe′s test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was reported among 33.3% of the study subjects. A significant age and gender difference depicting preponderance among younger age group and a male proclivity was experiential. A significant improvement in anterior crowding and largest anterior maxillary irregularity with age was documented. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of anterior crowding, midline diastema and largest anterior maxillary irregularity than females. Conclusions: The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among school children of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India was found to be 33.3%.A significant age and gender difference was observed in prevalence of malocclusion, crowding and largest anterior maxillary irregularity. Midline diastema showed a significant gender difference. The baseline information outlined in the present study can be appropriately utilized for the future planning to meet the orthodontic treatment need among the population.

scholarly journals Sleeping Duration, Napping and Snoring in Association with Diabetes Control among Patients with Diabetes in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4017
Author(s):  
Hiba Bawadi ◽  
Asma Al Sada ◽  
Noof Al Mansoori ◽  
Sharifa Al Mannai ◽  
Aya Hamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
And Gender

Background: Poor glycemic control is associated with chronic life-threatening complications. Several studies have revealed that sleep status is associated with glycemic control. Aim: to examine the association between sleep duration, quality and glycemic control among adults with diabetes. Methods: Data on 2500 participants aged 18–60 years were collected from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). Sleep duration and quality were assessed by a self-completed health and lifestyle questionnaire, and glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep duration, napping, snoring and poor glycemic control. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, sleep duration was not associated with poor glycemic control. Lack of association persisted after controlling for smoking, physical activity, education, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake, insulin and medication use. However, sleeping for long hours at night (≥8 h) had a trend in increasing the risk of poor glycemic control (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.94–1.74). Napping was positively associated with poor glycemic control. After adjusting for age and gender, patients who reported “sometimes, frequently, or always” napping had more than 30% increased risk of poor control as compared to patients who reported “never/rarely” napping. Snoring was not associated with poor glycemic control among the study sample when adjusted for age and gender (p = 0.61). Other factors were found to be associated with a better glycemic control such as female, high educational and high physical activity level. Conclusions: our results suggest that napping may be an independent risk factor for a poor glycemic control in diabetes; further investigations are required.

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