scholarly journals Providing the Best Audiological Care and Creating Sustainability in Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Holst ◽  
Gabriel A. Bargen ◽  
Corrie E. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
Hearing Health

AbstractInternational humanitarian programs are one way for individuals within low-income countries to access hearing health care. Faculty and students from the Idaho State University (ISU) Audiology Program have traveled to several locations within less developed countries over the past 15 years. Most recently, the ISU Audiology Program has partnered with Idaho Condor Humanitarian to provide hearing health care services to Peruvian indigenous people. The humanitarian expedition provides medical, dental, and audiology services to rural villages surrounding Cusco, Peru. Each year the ISU Audiology team gathers data on the hearing health care needs of the Peruvian people and fits donated hearing aids. The ISU Audiology team navigates a variety of barriers associated with limited resources to provide quality hearing health care focused on best practice guidelines for the people of Peru. This article highlights the specific needs of the people served, which the team identified and prioritized, as well as initiated a plan for continuing to develop follow-up care and sustainability.

scholarly journals Using Prospective Methods to Identify Fieldwork Locations Favourable to Understanding Divergences in Health Care Accessibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Jan Ketil Rød ◽  
Arne H. Eide ◽  
Thomas Halvorsen ◽  
Alister Munthali
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Care Accessibility ◽  
Barriers To Health ◽  
Walking Time

Central to this article is the issue of choosing sites for where a fieldwork could provide a better understanding of divergences in health care accessibility. Access to health care is critical to good health, but inhabitants may experience barriers to health care limiting their ability to obtain the care they need. Most inhabitants of low-income countries need to walk long distances along meandering paths to get to health care services. Individuals in Malawi responded to a survey with a battery of questions on perceived difficulties in accessing health care services. Using both vertical and horizontal impedance, we modelled walking time between household locations for the individuals in our sample and the health care centres they were using. The digital elevation model and Tobler’s hiking function were used to represent vertical impedance, while OpenStreetMap integrated with land cover map were used to represent horizontal impedance. Combining measures of walking time and perceived accessibility in Malawi, we used spatial statistics and found spatial clusters with substantial discrepancies in health care accessibility, which represented fieldwork locations favourable for providing a better understanding of barriers to health access.

Europe's Crisis of Legitimacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan

Expectations are high regarding the potential benefits of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in poor countries. The development community, led by the G20, the United Nations, and others, expects PPPs to help with “transformational” megaprojects as well as efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But PPPs have been widely used only since the 1990s. The discussion of PPPs is still dominated by best-practice guidance, academic studies that focus on developed countries, or ideological criticism. Meanwhile, practitioners have quietly accumulated a large body of empirical evidence on PPP performance. The purpose of this book is to summarize and consolidate what this critical mass of evidence-based research says about PPPs in low-income countries (LICs) and thereby develop a more realistic perspective on the practical value of these mechanisms. The focus of the book is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), home to most of the world’s poorest countries, although insights from other regions and more affluent developing countries are also included. Case studies of many of the best-known PPPs in Africa are used to illustrate these findings. This book demonstrates that PPPs have not met expectations in poor countries, and are only sustainable if many of the original defining characteristics of PPPs are changed. PPPs do have a small but meaningful role to play, but only if expectations remain modest and projects are subject to transparent evaluation and competition. Experiments with PPP mechanisms underway in some countries suggest ways in which PPPs may be evolving to better realize benefits in poor countries.

Why Supplemental Security Income Is Important for Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Supplemental Security Income ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Care Needs

The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for children is an important part of the federal government's social benefits program for children with special needs. The SSI program is a nationwide program administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that does the following: • provides monthly cash payments based on family income, • qualifies the child for Medicaid health care services in many states, and • assures referral of SSI child beneficiaries into the state Title V Children With Special Health Care Needs program's system of care. The SSA considers a child to be disabled if: • the impairment-physical or mental, or chronic medical condition-is as severe as a condition that would keep an adult from working, • the condition is expected to last a long time or is life threatening, and • the child is unable to engage in the everyday activities that most children the same age can do. Congress implemented the children's component of the SSI program in 1974 in recognition that disabled children who live in low-income households are among the most disadvantaged of all Americans and therefore deserve special assistance. The cost of caring for a child with special needs is an especially heavy burden for families with limited resources. The intent of the SSI program is to reduce the additional deleterious environmental effects that a low family income can have on the growth and development of the disabled child and thereby help these children become self-supporting members of society. The SSI program provides cash benefits.

Scalable Obesity Solutions (S.O.S.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s3) ◽  
pp. S307-S312 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Know How ◽  
Care Costs

The know-how is available to reverse the obesity epidemic. Reversing obesity is a societal necessity because it is the predominant contributor to chronic ill health in developed countries and a growing precipitant of illness in middle and low-income countries. In the United States, for example, obesity is the chief driver of health care costs in a country that can no longer afford health care. Although some might advocate population-wide medication use to mitigate the effects of obesity on health, the more direct response is to end obesity. The goal of this paper is explain how mass-scalable obesity containment can be designed, built, and disseminated. Scalable Obesity Solutions (S.O.S.) are discussed from concept through deployment.

scholarly journals Effects of Disaster on Primary Health Care in Low Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kirti Ray ◽  
Jagadishwor Ghimire ◽  
Rajendra Kumar BC
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The People

Primary health care is considered to be a practical approach to provide basic curative, preventive and promotive health care as an accessible medium for the people particularly in low resource income countries in an affordable way. This paper reviewed that an integrated primary health care system could reduce fundamental vulnerability of disasters; thereafter protect the health facilities and services for providing health programs. Further it focused on the increased uptake on health services to build resilience among individuals of low resource countries having high exposure to disasters. It also provides an idea on the practices adapted for gaining resilience of primary health care of low resource regions like Africa, South and South East Asia which are frequently exposed to disasters. However, this study did not focus on the health governance, pre-hospital disaster management and funding policies which are limited at present in low income countries affected by frequent disasters.Keywords: Disasters; disaster management; low income countries; primary health care; resilience.

scholarly journals The multiplier role of psychiatrists in low income settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kigozi ◽  
J. Ssebunnya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range

Mental health care is receiving increased attention in low-income countries with the availability of a wide range of effective evidence-based treatments for acute and chronic mental disorders amidst scarce resources. Availability of these treatments and competent human resources enables the use of a variety of interventions at several levels of care for persons with mental illness and makes it feasible to ensure observance of quality in the treatment approaches that go beyond institutionalisation. However, unlike developed countries which are endowed with many and relatively well-paid mental health specialists, low-income countries face a dire shortage of highly trained mental health professionals in addition to several other challenges. In light of this, there is need to re-assess the role of the few available psychiatrists, with a shift to new core tasks such as designing mental health care programmes that can be delivered by non-specialists, building their health system's capacity for delivering care, including supporting front-line health workers through support supervision, raising awareness on mental health and patients’ rights in addition to promoting essential research. This requires a fundamental paradigm shift from the current training for mental health specialists to a public health oriented approach and providing incentives for community engagement.

scholarly journals Fiscal storms: public spending and revenues in the aftermath of natural disasters

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILAN NOY ◽  
AEKKANUSH NUALSRI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

ABSTRACTWe estimate and quantify the fiscal consequences of natural disasters using quarterly fiscal data for a large panel of countries. In our estimations, we employ a panel vector autoregression framework that also controls for the business cycle. In developed countries, we find fiscal behavior in the aftermath of disasters that can best be characterized as counter-cyclical. In contrast, we find pro-cyclical decreased spending and increasing revenues in developing countries following large natural catastrophes. These pro-cyclical fiscal dynamics are likely to worsen the adverse consequences of natural disasters on middle- and low-income countries. We quantify these dynamics.The canton of Unterwald in Switzerland is frequently ravaged by storms and inundations, and is thereby exposed to extraordinary expences. Upon such occasions the people assemble, and every one is said to declare with the greatest frankness what he is worth in order to be taxed accordingly.(The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, book V, chapter II, p. 359).

IoT, an Emerging Technology for Next Generation Medical Devices in Support of Cardiac Health Care – A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Pavithr K ◽  
Saravanan G
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
The People ◽  
Alternative Measures

Cardiac diseases are the major causes of death in both developed and developing nations. As per WHO, it is estimated around 17.9 million people died due to cardiovascular diseases which accounts for 31% of all global deaths every year. More than 75% deaths occur in middle and low income countries. Globally, the main reason for the fatality of cardiac patients is Stroke and Heart attack, secondly the unavailability of doctors and insufficiency of hospitals with proper infrastructure in remote areas. Around the world, only few cardiologists are available, especially in developing countries like India; around 64 million peoples are suffering from different types of cardiac diseases with just about 4000 cardiologist. The ratio between the availability of cardiologist and cardiac patients varies significantly, which leads to alternative measures to monitor the patients from their respective places to prevent the death. In recent days Internet of Things (IoT) is the most innovative technologies that revolutionize the health care sector by providing modern medical devices for diagnosing, monitoring and treating patients with several diseases. IoT help the people who are at higher risk of getting diseases and make them to live a healthy life. This review paper is aimed to explore the benefits, applications and challenges of IoT based medical devices which are designed to diagnose and monitor the cardiovascular diseases and also give an insight about the overwhelming superiority of IoT in solving the problems arising due to heart diseases by expanding the medical resources and its availability.

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