scholarly journals Anthropometric Analysis of Infraorbital Foramen in Adult Indian Dry Skull

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 027-030
Author(s):  
Johncy Itty Panicker ◽  
Vishal Kumar ◽  
Vinay Kumar Veerannasetty
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Superior Part ◽  
Orbital Margin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pyriform Aperture ◽  
Orbital Area ◽  
Surgical Operations

Abstract Introduction: Normally infra orbital foramen (IOF) is situated on the anterior surface of maxilla about 1cm below the infra orbital margin (IOM) bilaterally. Infra orbital vessels and nerves emerge out through this foramen. Infra orbital nerve (ION) terminates by supplying skin over the lower eyelid, conjunctiva, lateral aspect of external surface of nose, upper lip, ala of the nose and the premolar teeth. Infra orbital vessels supply the area surrounding the IOF. Objective: To measure distance between superior part of the rim of the IOF to IOM (DIM) and the distance between the medial part of the rim of the IOF to lateral margin of the pyriform aperture (DIP). Compare the measurements of both sides. Compare our studies with other authors. Materials and methods: Sixty adult dry skulls of unknown sex were studied. Those skulls with damaged foramen were excluded. Measurements were done in millimetres. Result: The mean DIM on right side is 5.96 mm and on left side it is 6.07. Mean DIP on right side is 16.70 mm and on left side it is 16.63mm. We have observed that there is no much significant variations in respect to sides. Our values were within the range of many others value. Conclusion: Knowing exact location of IOF using different land mark is important for providing local anaesthesia in maxillofacial, plastic surgical operations and radio ablative neurotomy procedures. Thus information obtained is very useful IOF to avoid iatrogenic injury in the infra orbital area.

Assessment of the anterior superior alveolar nerve and its impact on surgery of the lateral nasal wall

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
A. Machado ◽  
H.R. Briner ◽  
B. Schuknecht ◽  
D. Simmen
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Pyriform Aperture ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: The anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN) plays a major role in innervation of the lateral nasal wall. Its damage during nasal surgery can cause dental paraesthesia and numbness around the upper lip. Methodology: Retrospective evaluation of the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 50 consecutive patients analysing 100 sides. We measured the mean distance from the shoulder of the inferior turbinate to the descending portion of the anterior superior alveolar nerve, to the anterior superior alveolar canal and the anterior-posterior distance between the “shoulder” of the inferior turbinate and the pyriform aperture. Results: The mean distance from the shoulder of the inferior turbinate to the descending portion of the anterior superior alveolar nerve was 6.4 ± 2.33 mm, with no difference between sides The mean relative height of the shoulder in relation to the anterior superior alveolar nerve canal was 4.78± 2.31mm with no significant difference between the two sides. The anterior-posterior distance between the “shoulder” of inferior turbinate and the pyriform aperture was 6.96± 2.28mm, with no significant difference between the two sides. Conclusions: We found the anterior superior alveolar nerve to be a constant landmark in the lateral nasal wall. Therefore, the course of the ASAN should be assessed on a CT scan when a surgical approach through the pyriform aperture or anterior medial wall of the maxillary sinus is planned.

RESULTS OF INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR CHALAZION TREATMENT

2011 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Viet Hien Vo ◽  
Thi Em Do
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Interventional Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

The study use intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection proceduce for chalazion treatment.1. Objectives: To evaluate results of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazion treatment. 2. Method: This noncomparative prospective interventional trial included 72 chalazions of 61 patients. 3. Results: 61 patients (72 chalazions) with 19 males (31.1%) và 42 females (68.9%), the mean age was 24 ± 9,78 years. 31.1% patients was the first time chalazion and 68.9% patients was more than one times chalazion including 78.6% patients was recurrent at the first position and 21.4% patients occur at new position. 72 chalazions with 16 (22.2%) chalazions was treated before and 56 (77.8%) chalazions wasn’t done that. 72 chalazions with 49 chalazions (68.1%) are local in upper eyelid and 23 chalazions (31.9%) are local in lower eyelid. The mean of chalazion diameter is 6.99 ± 3.03mm. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is injected to treat 72 chalazions with 16 (22.2%) chalazions are injected through the route of skin and 56 (77.8%) chalazions are injected through the route of conjunctiva. After 2 weeks follow-up, the success rate was 93.1% and 6.9% failed. 4. Conclusion: intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazion treatment is really effective. Key words: chalazion, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide.

Changes to Eye Whiteness and Eyelid/Brow Position With Topical Oxymetazoline in Aesthetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ugradar ◽  
Jane S Kim ◽  
Noelle Trost ◽  
Emanuil Parunakian ◽  
Erin Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of ptosis. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the upper and lower eyelid position as well as the brow position and the color of the sclera following the ophthalmic administration of oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1%. Methods In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients presenting with ptosis received topical oxymetazoline 0.1%. The primary outcome was measurement of the upper eyelid height (margin-to-reflex distance 1 [MRD1]) and lower eyelid height (MRD2) relative to the center of pupil, along with assessment of brow height, measured on photographs at baseline and 2 hours after instillation of oxymetazoline. The secondary outcome was the assessment of the color of the sclera (eye whiteness) before and after treatment with a novel color space algorithm. Results Twenty-nine patients participated in the study. The mean [SD] MRD1 at baseline was 2.3 [0.6] mm. At 2 hours following oxymetazoline treatment, the mean MRD1 significantly increased to 4.2 [0.9] mm (P < 0.01). The mean MRD2 also significantly increased from 5.3 [0.9] mm to 5.7 [1.0] mm (P < 0.01). Brow position did not change with treatment (P = 0.4). Following treatment, the eye sclera became significantly whiter, with a mean ΔEab (color change) of 9.7 [3.9], with 57 out of 58 eyes experiencing a significant change in color. A change of ΔEab ≥2 is considered visually perceptible to the human eye. Conclusions Within 2 hours of use, oxymetazoline significantly improves the size of the palpebral aperture (MRD1 + MRD2) and also makes the eye appear significantly whiter. Level of Evidence: 4

A Study of the Metabolism of Fibrinogen after Surgical Operations

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Plasma Loss ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
Contrast Group ◽  
Surgical Operations

1. The turnover of fibrinogen was studied in twenty-eight patients after moderate and major surgical operations and in a contrast group of thirteen patients suffering from miscellaneous chronic disorders. 2. After operation the mean biological half-life of fibrinogen was 60.1 h (SD 16.4) and the mean plasma loss of fibrinogen was 40.1% (SD 12.6) of the intravascular fibrinogen pool each 24 h. In the contrast group, respective values of 96.2 h (SD 13.1) and 22.5% (SD 2.0) were obtained, which are in agreement with published values for the normal catabolism of fibrinogen. 3. When the post-operative increase in the plasma fibrinogen pool was taken into account, a massive increase in the absolute plasma loss of fibrinogen was observed with values approaching those reported for albumin turnover. 4. Possible sites of loss and the relevance of this investigation to the detection of disseminated intravascular coagulation and venous thrombosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Distal major pedicle of sartorius muscle flap: Anatomical study and its clinical implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 040-045
Author(s):  
K. N. Manjunath ◽  
M. S. Venkatesh ◽  
Ashwini Shivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Muscle Flaps ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Myocutaneous Flaps ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Cases

ABSTRACT Background: Reconstruction of the popliteal region has limited option in terms of muscle flaps or myocutaneous flaps. Gastrocnemius muscle or the myocutaneous flaps are the option for majority of cases. However, reach of Gastrocnemius is limited if the wound is on the distal one-third thigh or the lateral aspect of knee region. Similarly, if the wound injures the muscle, then coverage becomes all the more difficult. Although inferiorly based fasciocutaneous flaps can cover the wound in case of bony injuries, muscle flaps are beneficial as they help in fracture healing. However, in cases with direct gastrocnemius muscle injury or if the wound on the distal one-third thigh or the lateral aspect then the options of muscle flaps is limited. An inferiorly based sartorius muscle can be one suitable alternative to cover this region. Aims and Objective: The aim is to devise an inferiorly based sartorius muscle flap for coverage of lower thigh, popliteal and upper one-third leg region. Objectives: (1) To identify the location of distal major (largest diameter) pedicle in cadavers and its clinical application. (2) To determine the arc of rotation with distal major pedicle as pivot point. Methods: Ten Cadavers and 20 sartorius muscle dissected out. Prior silicone injection onto the femoral vessels was done to identify the location of the perforators for the sartorius muscle. The distance of perforators from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) measured and the diameter of each perforator by transverse cut measured using callipers. In clinical cases, the arc of rotation was measured by keeping the distal perforator intact as pedicle (detaching the muscle from the ASIS without detaching from the insertion and then rotating it). Results: Out of the 10 cadavers analysed, 6 were male and 4 were female. The mean location of the distal major pedicle was at 35.25 cm from ASIS and range was between 30.4 cm to 38.3 cm. There was no significant variation between right and left limbs in individual cadaver (range 0.2 cm–1.6 cm). The mean diameter of the arterial component of distal major pedicle was 1.54 mm. In three clinical cases where this flap was harvested the arc of rotation were 95°, 110°, 125°. In one of the cases where flap was used to cover the tibial plateau (arc of rotation 155°), distal end of the muscle necrosed. Conclusion: This cadaver study supported by various other studies show that it has sizeable distal pedicle based on which whole muscle can be harvested as flap. In our study, the usual location of this pedicle is at 35 cm from ASIS. The mean diameter of the widest pedicle in distal one-third was 1.54 mm which along with other small diameter pedicle can support the entire muscle. This flap reached up to the infrapatellar region without any vascular compromise.

scholarly journals The correlation between the three-dimensional radiolucency area around the crown of impacted maxillary canines and dentigerous cysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190402
Author(s):  
Junliang Chen ◽  
Dongmei Lv ◽  
MingXia Li ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yun He
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dentigerous Cysts ◽  
Impacted Canine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgical Operations

This study aimed to reveal the correlation between the radiolucency area around the crown of impacted maxillary canines and dentigerous cysts using cone beam CT (CBCT). CBCT data were obtained from patients with impacted maxillary canines. Three points of five areas (tooth cusp area and buccal, lingual, mesial and distal areas of the crown) were randomly selected, and the distance between the point and the surrounding hard tissue was measured respectively. The mean values were recorded as the radiolucency area. These results were compared with the occurrence of dentigerous cysts during surgery. 58 patients with 76 impacted maxillary canines were included. 14 of the 76 impacted canines were accompanied by cysts (18.42%). With the increase in the thickness of the radiolucency area, the incidence of cysts was significantly increased (p < 0.05). No cysts were found in the compacted canines with 0–1 mm thickness of the radiolucency area. The highest incidence (71.43%) was observed in canines with 3–4 mm thickness of the radiolucency area. This study found that the thickness of the radiolucency area around the crown of the maxillary impacted canine was closely related to the occurrence of dentigerous cysts. CBCT can be used to estimate the occurrence possibility of dentigerous cyst and guide surgical operations.

scholarly journals Relevant Insertion Site Anatomy of the Conventus Distal Radius System

Hand ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Jacob Duncan ◽  
Marc Trzeciak
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Minimally Invasive Approach ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Application Methods

Background: The Conventus Distal Radius System (DRS) is an intramedullary fixation scaffold inserted into the lateral aspect of the distal radius. The purpose of this study was to identify insertion site anatomy to illustrate risks associated with the minimally invasive nature of radial-sided implant application. Methods: Ten cadavers were utilized. Using fluoroscopy, the 1.1-mm Kirschner wire and template was introduced per manufacturer’s guidelines, access guide assembled, and dissection carried out to the superficial radial nerve (SRN) with preservation of the native location. The access guide marked the insertion location for the side-cut drill. This point was measured in relationship to structures nearby, including the SRN, brachioradialis (BR), lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN), and radial styloid (RS). Results: The large guide contacted the SRN in 4 of 10 cadavers and was volar to it in 6 of 10. When volar, the mean distance was 1.7 mm. The tip of the RS to the large access guide averaged 44.5 mm. The small guide contacted the SRN in 2 of 10, was volar to it in 4 of 10, and between the bifurcation in 4 of 10. When volar, the distance averaged 3.25 mm. When bifurcated, the distance from the small guide to both the dorsal and volar branches was 3.5 mm. The distance from the RS to the small guide averaged 37.8 mm. The LABCN was found in the field of dissection in 4 of 10 cadavers. Conclusions: Several structures are at risk during insertion of the Conventus DRS; thus, knowledge of the relevant anatomy of this minimally invasive approach is crucial to optimize outcomes and patient satisfaction, and to avoid nerve injury.

scholarly journals Ilizarov technique combined with limited adjunctive surgical procedures for correction of relapsed talipes equinovarus in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jian Wang ◽  
Feng Chang ◽  
Yun-Xing Su ◽  
Xiao-Chun Wei ◽  
Lei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Study Group ◽  
Ilizarov Technique ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Limited Surgery ◽  
Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lateral Plane ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgical Operations

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using the Ilizarov invasive distraction technique combined with limited surgical operations in the treatment of relapsed talipes equinovarus in children. Methods This retrospective study analysed the outcomes of paediatric patients with relapsed talipes equinovarus who were treated with the Ilizarov technique with moderate open limited soft tissue or bony operations. The International Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) classification system score was used to evaluate the deformities before and after surgery. Results The study evaluated 16 feet in 14 patients (nine boys). The correction time ranged from 6 to 12 weeks. The mean duration of frame application was 5.9 months. The gait was improved significantly in all patients. At final follow-up, the mean ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ranges were 8.3° and 34.6°, respectively. The talocalcaneal angle improved from 10.0° preoperatively to 28.3° postoperatively in the anteroposterior plane; and from 4.1° preoperatively to 42.1° postoperatively in the lateral plane. The differences in the angle of plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, range of motion of the ankle joint and talocalcaneal angles pre- and postoperation were significant. Conclusions These current findings suggest that the Ilizarov technique combined with limited surgery effectively corrects relapsed talipes equinovarus in children.

scholarly journals Measuring herring densities with one real and several phantom research vessels

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1264-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Patel ◽  
Egil Ona
Keyword(s):  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Multibeam Sonar ◽  
The Real ◽  
Backscattering Strength ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Patel, R., and Ona, E. 2009. Measuring herring densities with one real and several phantom research vessels. – ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1264–1269. Vessel-induced avoidance can potentially cause a large bias in acoustic estimates of schooling, pelagic-fish biomass. This paper presents a method for quantifying this uncertainty. Volume-backscattering strength (Sv) from a horizontally projecting, multibeam sonar (Simrad MS70) is resampled to form synthetic, vertical, echosounder beams to the side of the survey vessel. These data are analysed as if they were collected from phantom vessels surveying parallel transects at fixed ranges from the real vessel. The nautical-area-backscattering coefficients (sA) from the synthetic echograms are compared with those measured by conventional 70 and 120 kHz echosounders (Simrad EK60) on the real vessel. Data collected in 2006 from schools of Norwegian spring-spawning herring are used to illustrate the method and explore its limitations. Potential effects of vessel-induced avoidance are evaluated by comparing the mean sA values observed from the phantom vessels with those observed from the real vessel. The technique also allows direct estimates of the mean lateral-aspect target strength of in situ herring.

MEASUREMENT OF TRACE METALS IN THYROID NODULES IN IRAN BY PIXE

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
K. MOOSAVI ◽  
S. VATANKHAH ◽  
J. SALIMI
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Trace Metal Elements ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Surgical Operations

A PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) analysis is applied for measuring the concentration of 21 major and minor trace metal elements (in the range of Z =13-53) for normal, adenoma and carcinoma human thyroid tissues. A 2.0 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. The thyroid samples were obtained from 14 patients during surgical operations, with which normal and damaged parts are concerned as an aid to understand the mechanisms of formation of thyroid cancer and as a complementary diagnostic tool. Thirty samples were measured in total. Fourteen samples of them were in pairs, i.e.14 tumor samples with 14 corresponding healthy tissue specimens taken at a distance from the tumor. The statistical analysis of the results shows the lower levels of the mean value of iron and iodine in the carcinoma tissues than those in the normal tissues; especially iodine is about one tenth of the normal value. On the contrary, the elevation of the mean value for calcium and zinc in the carcinoma tissues in comparison with the normal ones is observed, while in the adenoma tissues copper is very lower than those in the normal thyroid. The concentration of iron in the adenoma is two times of normal tissues.

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