Cleft Nucleus Lymphocytosis in Young Infants with Pertussis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Zhu ◽  
Hongqun Liao ◽  
Xiaoming Zhong ◽  
Xingyu Rao ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Young Infants

AbstractThis study aims to assess whether the cleft nucleus lymphocytosis could be an early promising clue for the diagnosis of pertussis in young infants. Pertussis (whooping cough) is a severe respiratory disease mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis infection and is characterized by a significant rise in the number of leukocyte and lymphocyte in infants and young children. In this study, the Bordetella pertussis DNA was detected from samples of pharyngeal swab by PCR assay. Levels of serum specific IgM against other respiratory pathogens were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The routine blood test including numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets etc. were tested by automatic hemocyte analyzer (Sysemx XN1000). Besides, the morphology of leucocytes was observed in peripheral blood smear with microscope by Wright-Giemsa stain. Three cases of pertussis with cleft nucleus lymphocytes in young infants were discussed in in the neonatal/pediatric intensive care unit in our hospital. Leukocytosis characterized by lymphocytes, as well as thrombocytosis were observed in all patients. Our results demonstrated that cleft nucleus lymphocytosis accompanied with leukocytosis and lymphocytes would be potent assistant indicators for the early diagnosis of pertussis in young children.

scholarly journals Immunization status of Iranian military recruits against Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough)

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Izadi ◽  
Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽  
Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari ◽  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Gooya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Military Recruits

Introduction: Military recruits are susceptible to respiratory pathogens because of increased antibiotic resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine. The goal of the current study was to determine the immunological status of the Bordetella pertussis among conscripts in Iranian military garrisons. Methodology: The study population consisted of 424 conscripts aged 18 to 21 years who enrolled for military service. They were selected using cluster stratified sampling from all military garrisons in Tehra, Iran. To determine the seroprevalence of infection, blood specimens from all recruits were collected and stored at - 20°C until assayed. All serum samples were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) and by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence of B. pertussis seropositivity in military recruits was 60.6. Only 55.0% of the recruits had low awareness about the record of vaccination against B. pertussis during childhood. Among 424 studied individuals, 48 recruits (11.3%) had a positive history of whooping cough; prevalence of seropositivity in these recruits was 70.0%. Among these subjects, 61.7% were referred to a physician for treatment and only 39.6% of them were administered anti-pertussis therapy. Conclusions: Our study showed that military conscripts in Tehran garrisons were not serologically immune to pertussis and also confirmed the low awareness about vaccination and medical history related to pertussis infection in this high-risk subgroup of the Iranian population. Routine acellular booster vaccination, particularly before 18 years of age, is recommended.

scholarly journals A Bordetella pertussis-antitestek szeroprevalenciája magyarországi felnőttekben

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (13) ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
Péter Torzsa ◽  
Devadiga Raghavendra ◽  
Monica Tafalla
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
One Year ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract: Introduction: Pertussis (whooping cough) is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis that is characterized by a chronic, severe cough. The optimum immunization schedule for pertussis is unclear, so these vary by countries. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of pertussis in adults in Hungary. Method: Serum anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (anti-PT IgG) antibody levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in adults in general practitioners’ practices during one year. Sera were classified following manufacturer’s instructions as: strongly indicative of current/recent infection (≥1.5 optical density [OD] units); indicative of current/recent infection (≥1.0 OD units); seropositive (>0.3 OD units); or seronegative (≤0.3 OD units). Results: 1999 adults (60.6% female; mean age 47.4 ± 17.7 years) were included. 14.8% were seropositive, 1.1% were indicative of current/recent infection, and 0.1% were strongly indicative of current/recent infection. Conclusions: 85.2% of the subjects were seronegative and therefore susceptible to pertussis infection. Approximately 1% was suspicious of current/recent pertussis infection, potentially transmissible to susceptible young infants. Vaccination of adults is a key way to indirectly protect infants. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13): 503–510.

Could this be whooping cough?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nee ◽  
Elaine Weir ◽  
Madhur Vardhan ◽  
Ankita Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Serious Disease

Whooping cough is a notifiable bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It may produce serious disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals and very young children. The number of reported cases increases in the winter months and the incidence peaks every 4–5 years. However, this periodicity is variable and is inconsistent between different geographical regions. Bordetella pertussis infection (BPI) may be underdiagnosed because of its seasonality and the fact that clinical features may be indistinguishable from other respiratory disorders in the paediatric ED setting. Treatment with antibiotics reduces the period of infectivity but may not shorten the illness. This review discusses the epidemiology of the disease, its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and the disposition of patients with BPI.

scholarly journals Opsonophagocytic Activity and Other Serological Indications of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Military Recruits in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audun Aase ◽  
Tove Karin Herstad ◽  
Samuel Merino ◽  
Kari Torkildsen Brandsdal ◽  
Bjørn Peter Berdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Paired Serum

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough). Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis remains a significant disease in many countries. Besides vaccination, transient carriage of Bordetella spp. or other cross-reacting organisms adds to the immunity against pertussis. However, the various immunological mechanisms conferring protection remain largely unknown. In this study, paired serum samples from 464 healthy Norwegian military recruits were collected, the first at enrolment and the second about 8 months later. The prevalence of pertussis during military service was examined by comparing the paired serum samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy-eight percent of the recruits had low levels of IgG antibodies against PT in both samples. Conversely, 8.4% of the recruits demonstrated high anti-PT IgG levels in the first sample, indicative of recent pertussis prior to enrolment. One recruit experienced seroconversion, indicating pertussis during service. A subset of 248 serum samples with low, medium, and high anti-PT IgG titers were analyzed by a different ELISA kit for IgG and IgA antibodies against PT and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and for opsonophagocytic activity (OPA), for induction of C3b deposition products, and for IgG binding with live B. pertussis as the antigen. We observed high correlations between OPA and IgG against live bacteria (r = 0.83), between OPA and IgG anti-FHA (r = 0.79), between OPA and anti-PT IgG (r = 0.68), and between OPA and C3b binding (r = 0.70) (P < 0.0001 for all). Anti-PT IgA did not correlate closely with the other assays.

Respiratory Pathogens Identified in Patients with a Clinically Suspected Bordetella Pertussis Infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassib Narchi ◽  
Afaf Alblooshi ◽  
Korstiaan Pater ◽  
Junu Vazhappully George ◽  
Nael Sahhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Pertussis Infection

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) contributes to Bordetella pertussis inflammatory pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danisha Gallop ◽  
Karen Scanlon ◽  
Jeremy Ardanuy ◽  
Alexander B. Sigalov ◽  
Nicholas H. Carbonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Bacterial Control

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a severe pulmonary infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . Pertussis infects an estimated 24 million people annually, resulting in >150,000 deaths. The NIH placed pertussis on the list of emerging pathogens in 2015. Antibiotics are ineffective unless administered before the onset of the disease characteristic cough. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel pertussis therapeutics. We have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonists reduce pertussis inflammation, without increasing bacterial burden. Transcriptomic studies were performed to identify this mechanism and allow for the development of pertussis therapeutics which specifically target problematic inflammation without sacrificing bacterial control. These data suggested a role for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). TREM-1 cell surface receptor functions as an amplifier of inflammatory responses. Expression of TREM-1 is increased in response to bacterial infection of mucosal surfaces. In mice, B. pertussis infection results in TLR9-dependent increased expression of TREM-1 and its associated cytokines. Interestingly, S1PR agonists dampen pulmonary inflammation and TREM-1 expression. Mice challenged intranasally with B. pertussis and treated with ligand-dependent (LP17) and ligand-independent (GF9) TREM-1 inhibitors showed no differences in bacterial burden and significantly reduced TNF-α and CCL-2 expression compared to controls. Mice receiving TREM-1 inhibitors showed reduced pulmonary inflammation compared to controls indicating that TREM-1 promotes inflammatory pathology, but not bacterial control, during pertussis infection. This implicates TREM-1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pertussis.

scholarly journals Pertussis in a child of the first month of life from family contact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
O. V. Iozefovich ◽  
S. M. Kharit ◽  
E. I. Bobova ◽  
E. A. Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Family Contact

A case of whooping cough in a moderate form in a child of the first month of life is described in the presented clinical observation. The moderate form was manifested by the duration of the preconvulsive period up to 5 days, the appearance of cyanosis of the face when coughing in the early stages of the disease (1 week), an increase in the number of coughing attacks. The difficulties of treating pertussis in young children are demonstrated by our observation of the course of the disease. There is no vaccination against pertussis in children in the family due to the refusal of parents and children with prolonged coughing were not examined at the outpatient stage. As a result, chemoprophylaxis was not performed on time and the newborn was discharged from the hospital to the center of pertussis infection. The solution to the problem of reducing the incidence in children in the first months of life should be vaccination of pregnant women in the last stages, and vaccination of the environment, including agerelated revaccinations. 

The immunology of Bordetella pertussis infection and vaccination

Pertussis ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 42-65
Author(s):  
Mieszko M. Wilk ◽  
Aideen C. Allen ◽  
Alicja Misiak ◽  
Lisa Borkner ◽  
Kingston H.G. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough (pertussis), a severe and sometimes fatal respiratory infectious disease, especially in young infants. Pertussis can be prevented in infants and children by immunization with either whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines; however, its incidence is increasing in many countries despite high vaccine coverage. This resurgence in populations immunized with aP vaccines has been attributed to (1) genetic changes in circulating strains of B. pertussis resulting from vaccine-driven immune selection, (2) waning protective immunity due to poor induction of immunological memory, or (3) a failure of aP vaccines to induce the appropriate arm(s) of the cellular immune responses required to prevent infection. Studies in a baboon model have suggested that previous infection prevents reinfection as well as disease, whereas aP vaccines fail to prevent nasal colonization and transmission of B. pertussis. Studies in the mouse model have demonstrated that immunization with wP vaccines induces Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas aP vaccines promote Th2-skewed responses and high antibody titres. Thus, while aP vaccine-induced antibodies may prevent pertussis, they may not prevent nasal colonization or transmission. Emerging data have suggested that replacing alum with novel adjuvants based on pathogen-associated molecular patterns has the capacity to switch the responses induced with aP vaccines to the more protective Th1/Th17 responses and may also enhance immunological memory. It is likely that third-generation pertussis vaccines will be based on live attenuated bacteria or aP formulations with novel adjuvants, which prevent nasal and lung infection and induce sustained immunity through induction of memory T cells.

Bordetella infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1073-1076
Author(s):  
Cameron C. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Acellular Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Organism

Bordetella are small Gram-negative coccobacilli, of which Bordetella pertussis is the most important human pathogen. Bordetella pertussis is the cause of whooping cough, which remains one of the 10 leading causes of death among children less than five years old. Transmission of this highly infectious organism is primarily by aerosolized droplets. The preferred diagnostic methods are polymerase chain reaction detection from nasopharyngeal samples and serology (IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin). Macrolide antibiotics are recommended if started within four weeks of illness onset. Preventing severe disease in young children remains the primary goal, hence schedules consist of a three-dose infant series and subsequent booster doses. Acellular vaccines enable immunization schedules to include adolescents and adults. Acellular pertussis vaccine given to pregnant women reduces the risk of pertussis in young infants. Antibiotic prophylaxis is given when there is an infant at risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A-Mediated Protection against Bordetella pertussis Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4846-4850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. M. Hellwig ◽  
Annemiek B. van Spriel ◽  
Joop F. P. Schellekens ◽  
Frits R. Mooi ◽  
Jan G. J. van de Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

ABSTRACT Infection with Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough) in humans, is followed by the production of antibodies of several isotypes, including immunoglobulin A (IgA). Little is known, however, about the role of IgA in immunity against pertussis. Therefore, we studied targeting ofB. pertussis to the myeloid receptor for IgA, FcαRI (CD89), using either IgA purified from immune sera of pertussis patients or bispecific antibodies directed against B. pertussis and FcαRI (CD89 BsAb). Both IgA and CD89 BsAb facilitated FcαRI-mediated binding, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and PMNL originating from human FcαRI-transgenic mice. Importantly, FcαRI targeting resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance in lungs of transgenic mice. These data support the capacity of IgA to induce anti-B. pertussis effector functions via the myeloid IgA receptor, FcαRI. Increasing the amount of IgA antibodies induced by pertussis vaccines may result in higher vaccine efficacy.

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