Patellotrochlea Index in Normal Healthy Knees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Middleton ◽  
Stefan Bajada ◽  
Roy Powell ◽  
Adam Nelson ◽  
Vipul Mandalia
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Patella Height ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Healthy Knee ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractPatella alta is a common and significant abnormality responsible for many patellofemoral joint-related conditions. Many methods of patella height measurements are described; however, patellotrochear index (PTI) is the most logical method as it measures the direct relation between patella and trochlea. The aim of this study is to investigate PTI in normal healthy asymptomatic volunteers to understand the patellofemoral relation in normal knees. Twenty-five healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of both knees. Two observers independently measured PTI on two different occasions at 6-week interval. Statistical analysis was performed to identify intra- and interobserver correlation between two observers and the mean value of PTI. Agreement analysis was performed according to Bland and Altman. Comparisons of means were made using paired t-tests. The mean age of 25 healthy volunteers was 21.28 years (19–23) with a male:female ratio of 14:11. The overall mean PTI value of all observations was 36.8% and pooled standard deviation (SD) 11.5%. Intraclass correlation (ICC) testing showed “good” interobserver ICC between two observers for PTI for both first (0.80) and second (0.84) set of measurements. There was “excellent” intraobserver correlation for two sets of measurements of PTI made by each first (0.96) and second (0.91) observer. Intraobserver repeatability for PTI was ± 0.07 and ± 0.1, respectively, for the first and second observer. Interobserver repeatability for PTI was ± 0.159 and ± 0.133, respectively, for the first and second set of measurements. Analysis of individual measurements of patella and trochlear articular cartilage revealed that the largest repeatability values were for trochlea measurements. The study reports that the average PTI in asymptomatic healthy knee utilizing current clinical MRI scanning conditions is 36.8%. This provides surgeons with a gold standard normal PTI value, which can serve as a target value in clinical diagnosis as well as surgical correction of patella height. There is good to excellent intra- and interobserver correlation with limited variability in assessing patella height using PTI on MRI scan.

Progress of leukoaraiosis is inhibited by correction of platelet hyper-aggregability

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigekiyo Fujita ◽  
Tetsuro Kawaguchi ◽  
Toshiyuki Uehara ◽  
Kazuhito Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Observation Period

Background: Platelet hyper-aggregability is an important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. In this study we investigated whether aggravation of leukoaraiosis can be controlled by means of long-term correction of platelet hyper-aggregability.Methods:Twenty-one patients with leukoaraiosis and uncorrected platelet hyper-aggregability were compared with 21 controls matched for age, grade of leukoaraiosis and observation period whose platelet hyper-aggregability was corrected. Platelet aggregability was estimated by an optical analytical method with a nine-stage display using two different concentrations each of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen (the double ADP method).Results:The mean observation period between two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for both groups was 4.1 years. In the non-corrected group, moderate to severe aggravation of leukoaraiosis was observed in a large number of patients. In the corrected group, only a small number of patients showed generally mild aggravation of leukoaraiosis. The number of patients showing aggravation of periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) was 7 in 21 in the non-corrected group versus 1 in 21 (p=0.022) in the corrected group, and for aggravation of deep white-matter hyperintensity, these values were 9 in 21 versus 4 in 21, respectively. Thus, the difference was more significant if the degree of aggravation was taken into account.Conclusion:The progress of leukoaraiosis is greatly inhibited by long-term correction of platelet hyper-aggregability.

Validation of the Hexoskin wearable vest during lying, sitting, standing, and walking activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Villar ◽  
Thomas Beltrame ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
The Mean

We tested the validity of the Hexoskin wearable vest to monitor heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, and hip motion intensity (HMI) in comparison with laboratory standard devices during lying, sitting, standing, and walking. Twenty healthy young volunteers participated in this study. First, participants walked 6 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1, 3, and 4.5 km/h followed by increasing treadmill grades until 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Second, lying, sitting, and standing tasks were performed (5 min each) followed by 6 min of treadmill walking at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. Analysis of each individual’s mean values under each resting or exercise condition by the 2 measurement systems revealed low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation values for HR, BR, and HMI. The Bland–Altman results from HR, BR, and HMI indicated no deviation of the mean value from zero and relatively small variability about the mean. VT and minute ventilation were provided in arbitrary units by the Hexoskin device; however, relative magnitude of change from Hexoskin closely tracked the laboratory standard method. Hexoskin presented low variability, good agreement, and consistency. The Hexoskin wearable vest was a valid and consistent tool to monitor activities typical of daily living such as different body positions (lying, sitting, and standing) and various walking speeds.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Cerebral Perfusion Measured with pCASL before and Repeatedly after CSF Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Virhammar ◽  
Katarina Laurell ◽  
André Ahlgren ◽  
Kristina Giuliana Cesarini ◽  
Elna-Marie Larsson
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Gait Function

Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) measurements were performed in 20 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) to investigate whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases during the first 24 hours after a cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSF TT). Five pCASL magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed. Two scans were performed before removal of 40 mL CSF, and the other three at 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours, respectively after the CSF TT. Thirteen different regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn on coregistered MR images. In patients with increased CBF in lateral and frontal white matter after the CSF TT, gait function improved more than it did in patients with decreased CBF in these regions. However, in the whole sample, there was no significant increase in CBF after CSF removal compared with baseline investigations. The repeatability of CBF measurements at baseline was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.60 to 0.90 for different ROIs, but the median regional variability was in the range of 5% to 17%. Our results indicate that CBF in white matter close to the lateral ventricles plays a role in the reversibility of symptoms after CSF removal in patients with iNPH.

scholarly journals Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ziming Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Eric Pazo ◽  
Hong Ye ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. Design. Single centre, cross-sectional study. Methods. Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Results. The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. Conclusion. The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.

scholarly journals Early MRI outcomes in participants with a first clinical demyelinating event at risk of multiple sclerosis in the ORACLE-MS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205521732199085
Author(s):  
Mark S Freedman ◽  
Patricia K Coyle ◽  
Giancarlo Comi ◽  
Susan L Scarberry ◽  
Doris Damian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Post Hoc

Background In the Phase 3, 96-week ORACLE-MS study, cladribine tablets 10 mg (3.5 or 5.25 mg/kg cumulative dosage over two years) significantly reduced lesions associated with multiple sclerosis versus placebo in participants following a first clinical demyelinating event (FCDE). Objective To determine the timing of effects of cladribine tablets on lesion activity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This post hoc analysis assessed the effect of cladribine tablets versus placebo in ORACLE-MS on secondary MRI endpoints including T1 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+), new or enlarging T2 lesions, and combined unique active lesions assessed on MRI scans performed at screening and every 3 months thereafter. Results Compared to placebo, cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg treatment appeared to lead to a trend of reductions in the mean number of T1 Gd+ lesions by Week 13 (first post-baseline scan: 0.37 vs. 1.00), new or enlarging T2 (0.20 vs. 1.01) and combined unique active (0.29 vs. 1.91) lesions by Week 24. Low lesion counts were maintained with cladribine tablets throughout 96 weeks. Similar results were observed with the 5.25 mg/kg dosage. Conclusion In participants with an FCDE, cladribine tablets appeared to reduce lesion numbers within 13 weeks (time of first evaluation).

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Dynamic MRI in diagnosis of complex adnexal masses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1646-1649
Author(s):  
Anum Awais ◽  
Saulat Sarfraz ◽  
Fatima Saleem ◽  
Sidra Sajjad ◽  
Tuba Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Dynamic Mri ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: When ultrasonographic data are restricted, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can assist identify adnexal mass features. Two European centers have done pioneering work on Dynamic MRI with varied accuracy in diagnosis of complex adnexal lesions. Aim: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of Dynamic MRI in diagnosing complex adnexal masses, Methods: The Department of Radiology conducted a cross-sectional study. Sheikh Zayed hospital, Lahore for 6 months (September 2017-March 2018). Procedure was done for MRI and histopathology for detecting the adnexal masses. Results of MRI were compared with histopathology results, which are taken as gold standard. Reporting was done by researcher herself under supervision of consultant radiologist. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and evaluate the data. Results: The mean age of patients was 41.57±11.69 years. Dynamic MRI has a 95% sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. 94.37% and 94.7% respectively. Conclusion: Dynamic MRI is reliable and useful tool with high values of responsiveness, for detecting complicated indeterminate adnexal masseson Doppler considering histopathology as gold standard.Specificity and diagnostic accuracy are important. Keywords: Dynamic MRI, Histopathology, Complex Adnexal Mass

scholarly journals Switching from branded to generic glatiramer acetate: 15-month GATE trial extension results

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1909-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Selmaj ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
Anna N Belova ◽  
Christian Wolf ◽  
Evelyn RW van den Tweel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Open-label 15-month follow-up of the double-blind, placebo-controlled Glatiramer Acetate clinical Trial to assess Equivalence with Copaxone® (GATE) trial. Objective: To evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of prolonged generic glatiramer acetate (GTR) treatment and to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching from brand glatiramer acetate (GA) to GTR treatment. Methods: A total of 729 patients received GTR 20 mg/mL daily. Safety was assessed at months 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 and Expanded Disability Status Scale and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at months 12, 18, and 24. The presence of glatiramer anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) was tested at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24. Results: The mean number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions in the GTR/GTR and GA/GTR groups was similar at months 12, 18, and 24. The change in other MRI parameters was also similar in the GTR/GTR and GA/GTR groups. The annualized relapse rate (ARR) did not differ between the GTR/GTR and GA/GTR groups, 0.21 and 0.24, respectively. The incidence, spectrum, and severity of reported adverse events did not differ between the GTR/GTR and GA/GTR groups. Glatiramer ADA titers were similar in the GTR/GTR and GA/GTR groups. Conclusion: Efficacy and safety of GTR is maintained over 2 years. Additionally, switching from GA to GTR is safe and well tolerated.

scholarly journals Iterative Development and Reliability of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis MRI Scoring System

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida K. Haugen ◽  
Mikkel Østergaard ◽  
Iris Eshed ◽  
Fiona M. McQueen ◽  
Paul Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective.To develop and test the interreader reliability of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis Magnetic Resonance Scoring System (HOAMRIS) for assessment of structural and inflammatory hand OA features in the interphalangeal joints.Methods.The HOAMRIS was developed through an iterative process. Selection of features and their scaling was agreed upon through consensus by members of the OMERACT Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Task Force, using the Oslo Hand Osteoarthritis (OA) MRI Score system as a template. Two reliability exercises were performed, in which 6 and 4 readers participated, respectively. After the first exercise, an atlas was developed and used in the second exercise to facilitate reading. In each exercise, readers independently scored 8 MRI scans from the Oslo Hand OA cohort (coronal/axial short-tau inversion recovery and coronal/axial/sagittal T1-weighted fat-suppressed pre-/post-Gadolinium images). Interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), percentage exact and close agreement (PEA/PCA).Results.The preliminary OMERACT HOAMRIS included assessment of synovitis, erosive damage, cysts, osteophytes, cartilage space loss, malalignment, and bone marrow lesions (BML), of which all were scored on a 0–3 scale for normal, mild, moderate, and severe (increments of 0.5 for synovitis, erosive damage, and BML). In the first exercise, most features showed good to very good ICC values (0.64–0.94), except synovitis (0.34). In the second exercise using the atlas, the ICC values were > 0.74 for all MRI features, and the PEA/PCA values were higher than in the first exercise.Conclusion.A preliminary HOAMRIS with good to very good interreader reliability was developed. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess its sensitivity to change.

Maximum one-handed pull force and its relation to shoulder geometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Krystyna Gielo-Perczak
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shoulder Geometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The current study proposes a method of geometrical description of the shoulder articulating surfaces in order to deduce an unrecognized relationship between shoulder geometry and strength during a one-handed pulling task. The paper reports the results of a study of the strength of 12 participants during one-handed pulling correlated with the geometries of their shoulder joints derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The measurements of a mean force during pulling were recorded when an upper arm was adducted in the frontal plane from 5 to 30 degrees during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). It was observed in the study that an area determined by the height and width of the glenoid fossa closely relates to the mean force during pulling.

The influence of slice orientation on brain MRI lesion load measurement in multiple sclerosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-384
Author(s):  
M. Rovaris ◽  
MP Sormanis ◽  
MA Rocca ◽  
G. Comi ◽  
M. Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Slice Orientation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of a different slice orientation on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion load in multiple sclerosis (MS). Fifteen MS patients were scanned obtaining both axial and sagittal conventional spin echo (24 slices; TR 2400, TE 30/80) brain MRI. The total lesion load (TLL) was assessed twice for each scan, using a semi-automated local thresholding technique and the same marked hardcopies. The mean TLL was 22734 mm3 for axial and 22003 mm3 for sagittal scans. The mean intra-observer coefficient of variation (COV) was 4.65% for the axial acquisitions and 4.52% for the sagittal acquisitions. This difference was not statistically significant (one-way ANOVA, P> 0.1). The lesion load was significantly higher from axial MRI as compared to the intra-observer variability (two-way ANOVA, P =0.01), but the fluctuations around this average difference between axial and sagittal scan TLL were significantly large (test for interaction, P < 0.00I). Our data indicate that the use of sagittal conventional MRI scans does not seem to be worthwhile for the quantitative assessment of lesion load in MS patients.

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