Peristaltic Contractions Help Snaring During Underwater EMR of Colonic Non-Granular Pseudodepressed LST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Uchima ◽  
J Colán-Hernández ◽  
I Marín ◽  
R Temiño ◽  
A Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peristaltic Contractions

scholarly journals WATER INGESTION DYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH ACHALASIA: INFLUENCE OF SEX AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Oliveira DANTAS ◽  
Rachel Aguiar CASSIANI ◽  
Carla Manfredi SANTOS ◽  
Leda Maria Tavares ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Drinking Test ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a disease that affects esophageal bolus transit due to the absence of esophageal peristaltic contractions and impaired or absent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this investigation was: a) to evaluate the dynamics of water ingestion in patients with achalasia, idiopathic or caused by Chagas’ disease; b) to evaluate the influence of sex and age on water ingestion dynamics. METHODS: The investigation was conducted with 79 patients with achalasia (27 idiopathic and 52 Chagas’ disease) and 91 healthy volunteers, all evaluated by the water-drinking test. The individuals drank, in triplicate, 50 mL of water without interruption. The time and the number of swallows for this task were counted. We also measured: (a) inter-swallow interval - the time to complete the task, divided by the number of swallows during the task; (b) swallowing rate - volume drunk divided by the time; (c) volume per swallow - volume drunk divided by the number of swallows. RESULTS: Patients with achalasia took longer to ingest all the volume (mean 12.2 seconds) than healthy controls (mean 5.4 seconds), had greater number of swallows, longer interval between swallows, lower swallowing rate (5.2 mL/s vs 10.9 mL/s in controls) and lower volume per swallow (9.1 mL vs 14.4 mL in controls, P<0.01). Among healthy volunteers, women had a shorter interval between swallows and lower volume per swallow compared with men, and in the achalasia group, women had a longer interval between swallows and lower ingestion rate. No difference in the drinking test results was found between younger and older subjects in achalasia or control group. Also, no differences were observed between patients with Chagas’ disease and those with idiopathic achalasia, or between patients with increased and normal esophageal diameter. CONCLUSION: Patients with achalasia have difficulty in ingesting water, taking a longer time to complete the task, which is influenced by sex but not by age or severity of the disease.

In vivo and in vitro influence of human recombinant hemoglobin on esophageal function

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chakder ◽  
G. J. Rosenthal ◽  
S. Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Esophageal Function ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of a nitric oxide scavenger, hemoglobin (Hb), on esophageal function. Intraluminal pressures of anesthetized opossums were recorded from lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and 1, 5, and 9 cm above the LES. The influence of a representative Hb-based oxygen carrier was examined on swallowing-induced esophageal peristalsis and LES relaxation. In in vitro studies, LES relaxation and esophageal peristaltic contractions were induced by the activation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurons by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Hb caused significant impairment in swallowing- and EFS-induced LES relaxation and a significant increase in the speed of esophageal peristalsis. In some experiments, swallowing caused simultaneous contractions in the esophagus following Hb administration. Although Hb completely blocked LES relaxation by NO and significantly attenuated that by NANC nerve stimulation, it had no significant effect on isoproterenol-induced LES relaxations. The data support the role of NO in LES relaxation and esophageal peristalsis. This esophageal model may be important in understanding the influence of NO inhibitors and scavengers in gastrointestinal motility.

Bioelectric Activity During the Startle Response of a Hemichordate Worm

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
PETER E. PICKENS
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Strong Stimulus ◽  
Ventral Cord ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Repetitive Discharge ◽  
Large Compound ◽  
Muscle Potential

1. When the proboscis of a hemichordate worm is prodded, two or more nerve pulses travel along the ventral cord to trigger the large, compound muscle potential that precedes the startle response. 2. Nerve pulses also may be compound or they may be all-or-none spikes. Compound pulses decay in size as they travel from their point of origin, but spikes are generally through-conducted to the posterior end and are seen most often during the repetitive discharge evoked by a strong stimulus. 3. Repetitive discharge produces facilitation of conduction velocity so that a burst of closely spaced spikes is generated. 4. The same pulses that trigger the startle response initiate waves of retreat peristaltic contractions, but in the latter activity there is less summation of the spike-like muscle potentials. 5. Although conduction of the waves toward the anterior end depends on the presence of the ventral cord, waves that follow the initial contraction are not preceded by nerve spikes.

scholarly journals The Distribution and Possible Roles of Small Cardioactive Peptide in the Nudibranch Melibe leonina

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Watson ◽  
A Nash ◽  
C Lee ◽  
M D Patz ◽  
J M Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Large Neuron ◽  
Buccal Ganglia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Program Application ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions ◽  
The Impact

Synopsis The neuropeptide small cardioactive peptide (SCP) plays an integrative role in exciting various motor programs involved in feeding and locomotion in a number of gastropod species. In this study, immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies against SCPB, was used to localize SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system, and map their connections to various tissues, in the nudibranch, Melibe leonina. Approximately 28–36 SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the M. leonina brain, as well as one large neuron in each of the buccal ganglia. The neuropil of the pedal ganglia contained the most SCPB-like-immunoreactive varicosities, although only a small portion of these were due to SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the same ganglion. This suggests that much of the SCPB-like immunoreactivity in the neuropil of the pedal ganglia was from neurons in other ganglia that projected through the pedal–pedal connectives or the connectives from the cerebral and pleural ganglia. We also observed extensive SCPB innervation along the length of the esophagus. Therefore, we investigated the impact of SCPB on locomotion in intact animals, as well as peristaltic contractions of the isolated esophagus. Injection of intact animals with SCPB at night led to a significant increase in crawling and swimming, compared to control animals injected with saline. Furthermore, perfusion of isolated brains with SCPB initiated expression of the swim motor program. Application of SCPB to the isolated quiescent esophagus initiated rhythmic peristaltic contractions, and this occurred in preparations both with and without the buccal ganglia being attached. All these data, taken together, suggest that SCPB could be released at night to arouse animals and enhance the expression of both feeding and swimming motor programs in M. leonina.

Fatty acid bioaccessibility and structural breakdown from in vitro digestion of almond particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 5174-5187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Swackhamer ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Ameer Y. Taha ◽  
Gail M. Bornhorst
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Gastric Digestion ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Structural Breakdown ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

In vitro gastric digestion of almond particles using a model with simulated peristaltic contractions resulted in particle size reduction and higher fatty acid bioaccessibility than in vitro digestion using a model that lacked peristaltic contractions.

Nicotine stimulates esophageal peristaltic contractions in cats by a central mechanism

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. G567-G571 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Greenwood ◽  
E. Blank ◽  
W. J. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
Central Brain ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

The aim of the present study was to 1) characterize nicotine-induced peristalsis in the feline esophagus and 2) determine the site of action of nicotine. Experiments were done on ketamine-sedated cats. Esophageal contractions were measured using a multilumen catheter assembly system. After recording 1 degree and 2 degrees peristaltic sequences nicotine (50-100 micrograms/kg iv) was administered. Nicotine induced a peristaltic contraction through the esophageal striated and smooth muscle part of the esophagus, which was not associated with any mylohyoid electromyogram activity or pharyngeal response, although the upper esophageal sphincter did relax. Addition of either atropine (20-50 micrograms/kg iv) or hexamethonium (10-20 mg/kg iv), a peripherally acting nicotinic antagonist, did not affect the striated muscle portion of the nicotine-induced esophageal contractile response but antagonized the smooth muscle response. However, mecamylamine (0.5-1 mg/kg iv), a ganglionic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier, abolished the esophageal response to nicotine. Succinylcholine (0.5-1 mg/kg iv) abolished the striated muscle response without affecting the nicotine-induced smooth muscle contractility. Finally, the nicotine-induced peristaltic sequence was abolished after bilateral cervical vagotomy. In conclusion, nicotine, administered peripherally, activates central brain stem mechanisms that mediate a peristaltic sequence through the feline esophagus.

Neomycin prevents indomethacin-induced gastric peristalsis and mucosal injury in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Mersereau ◽  
E. John Hinchey
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Gastric Peristalsis ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis together with vagally mediated peristaltic contractions are essential if mucosal injury is to occur in the stomach of indomethacin-treated rats. The neomycin group of antibiotics has been shown to interfere with acetylcholine release. Agents blocking peristalsis have been demonstrated to prevent mucosal injury. We postulated that neomycin might inhibit peristalsis and prevent lesion formation. The effect of oral neomycin and bacitracin on gastric wall tone and peristaltic response to indomethacin were assessed and related to the lesion score. Bacitracin had no effect on either response and severe injury occurred. Neomycin did not block the tonal response to indomethacin but abolished peristalsis and no injury occurred. Induction of peristalsis with insulin in neomycin–indomethacin treated rats restored mucosal injury. It is concluded that neuromuscular blockade by neomycin prevented mucosal lesions by preventing peristalsis and not by impairing the ability of indomethacin to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.Key words: stomach, ulcer, etiology, indomethacin, peristalsis.

On the nervous system of Saccoglossus cambrensis (Enteropneusta)

1952 ◽  
Vol 236 (634) ◽  
pp. 315-354 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Giant Axons ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions ◽  
Nerve Cords

A layer of nerve fibres is present almost everywhere at the base of the epidermis. It consists of a very thin basal layer of irregularly arranged fibres, and generally a thicker, more superficial layer of orientated fibres, which forms the main nerve cords and subsidiary systems of smaller through-conducting bundles. In the proboscis there are numerous longitudinal bundles, an anterior nerve ring round the basal periphery and a nerve loop under the pre-oral ciliary organ. The neurocord appears to be a simple conducting tract. In the collar epidermis numerous bundles are formed posteriorly, connecting with the prebranchial nerve ring. In the trunk the size of the longitudinal cords and the distribution of the general plexus is related to the degree of development of the muscles and cilia. The gut is well equipped with nerve fibres anteriorly, where it is particularly muscular. Practically all the nerve-cell nuclei lie outside the plexus of nerve fibres. They are very numerous and widely distributed. A concentration of bipolar neurones (Hess’s cells) occurs at the proboscis tip. Cells regarded as sensory on histological grounds are abundant round the base of the proboscis and in the groove of the ciliary organ. Large unipolar neurones are concentrated in the neurocord, some possessing ‘giant’ axons, which run posteriorly or anteriorly. The cilia of the epidermis are the chief agents of locomotion, those of the trunk being capable of synchronized reversal. They are aided by peristaltic contractions of the longitudinal muscles, which are controlled by the main longitudinal nerve cords. Burrowing peristalsis is controlled by the dorsal nerve cord of the proboscis. Some reactions to light, to the presence of fine particles and to adrenaline are described. The proboscis is necessary for spontaneous and varied activity, but the considerable degree of co-ordination shown is not due to any localized centre but to a longitudinal reflex path involving the main nerve cords. Rapid contractions of the anterior end are probably due to the giant axons. The peculiarities of the neurocord are difficult to interpret, except as a result of degeneration and paedomorphosis. The greater part of the richly nervous epidermis may be compared with the vertebrate neural plate.

Manometric investigation of the entire esophagus in healthy subjects and patients with high-amplitude peristaltic contractions

Dysphagia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrio Bassotti ◽  
Giuseppe Bacci ◽  
Dino Biagini ◽  
Piero David ◽  
Gianfranco Alunni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions
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