Additive Manufacturing: The Next Generation of Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew N. Rush ◽  
Christina Salas ◽  
Lorraine Mottishaw ◽  
Damian Fountain ◽  
Deana Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract Background Ligament reconstruction, as a surgical method used to stabilize joints, requires significant strength and tissue anchoring to restore function. Historically, reconstructive materials have been fraught with problems from an inability to withstand normal physiological loads to difficulties in fabricating the complex organization structure of native tissue at the ligament-to-bone interface. In combination, these factors have prevented the successful realization of nonautograft reconstruction. Methods A review of recent improvements in additive manufacturing techniques and biomaterials highlight possible options for ligament replacement. Description of Technique In combination, three dimensional-printing and electrospinning have begun to provide for nonautograft options that can meet the physiological load and architectures of native tissues; however, a combination of manufacturing methods is needed to allow for bone-ligament enthesis. Hybrid biofabrication of bone-ligament tissue scaffolds, through the simultaneous deposition of disparate materials, offer significant advantages over fused manufacturing methods which lack efficient integration between bone and ligament materials. Results In this review, we discuss the important chemical and biological properties of ligament enthesis and describe recent advancements in additive manufacturing to meet mechanical and biological requirements for a successful bone–ligament–bone interface. Conclusions With continued advancement of additive manufacturing technologies and improved biomaterial properties, tissue engineered bone-ligament scaffolds may soon enter the clinical realm.

A Review of Bone Graft Substitutes Made From HA-Polymer Composite Scaffolds and Fabrication Potential With Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hera Wu ◽  
Shuting Lei
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
High Level

Hydroxyapatite, a bioactive ceramic, has been combined with biodegradable polymers to create composite three-dimensional interconnected porous scaffolds for bone graft substitutes. The materials and fabrication methods of these composite scaffolds are reviewed. The resulting mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds produced from the combination of certain materials and fabrication methods are analyzed. Requirements for a bone graft substitute and third generation scaffolds with the addition of osteoinductive and osteogenic features to composite scaffolds including biomolecule delivery and cell seeding are also introduced. Finally, the benefits of using additive manufacturing technologies to enable high level of control over the design of interconnected pore structure are discussed.

A review of biomaterials scaffold fabrication in additive manufacturing for tissue engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Mei Shick ◽  
Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir ◽  
Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman ◽  
Azanizawati Ma’aram
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The current developments in three-dimensional printing also referred as “additive manufacturing” have transformed the scenarios for modern manufacturing and engineering design processes which show greatest advantages for the fabrication of complex structures such as scaffold for tissue engineering. This review aims to introduce additive manufacturing techniques in tissue engineering, types of biomaterials used in scaffold fabrication, as well as in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Biomaterials and fabrication methods could critically affect the outcomes of scaffold mechanical properties, design architectures, and cell proliferations. In addition, an ideal scaffold aids the efficiency of cell proliferation and allows the movements of cell nutrient inside the human body with their specific material properties. This article provides comprehensive review that covers broad range of all the biomaterial types using various additive manufacturing technologies. The data were extracted from 2008 to 2018 mostly from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using keywords such as “Additive Manufacturing,” “3D Printing,” “Tissue Engineering,” “Biomaterial” and “Scaffold.” A 10 years research in this area was found to be mostly focused toward obtaining an ideal scaffold by investigating the fabrication strategies, biomaterials compatibility, scaffold design effectiveness through computer-aided design modeling, and optimum printing machine parameters identification. As a conclusion, this ideal scaffold fabrication can be obtained with the combination of different materials that could enhance the material properties which performed well in optimum additive manufacturing condition. Yet, there are still many challenges from the printing methods, bioprinting and cell culturing that needs to be discovered and investigated in the future.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Advances in 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3149
Author(s):  
Angelika Zaszczyńska ◽  
Maryla Moczulska-Heljak ◽  
Arkadiusz Gradys ◽  
Paweł Sajkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Printing Techniques ◽  
State Of Art

Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds have enormous significance for the possibility of regeneration of complex tissue structures or even whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow fabricating TE scaffolds, having an extremely complex structure, in a repeatable and precise manner. Moreover, they enable the easy application of computer-assisted methods to TE scaffold design. The latest additive manufacturing techniques open up opportunities not otherwise available. This study aimed to summarize the state-of-art field of 3D printing techniques in applications for tissue engineering with a focus on the latest advancements. The following topics are discussed: systematics of the available 3D printing techniques applied for TE scaffold fabrication; overview of 3D printable biomaterials and advancements in 3D-printing-assisted tissue engineering.

scholarly journals 3D Digitization and Additive Manufacturing Technologies in Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Ivan Molnár ◽  
Ladislav Morovič
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Medical Aids ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
3D Digitization ◽  
The Given

Abstract The paper discusses the use of 3D digitization and additive manufacturing technologies in the field of medicine. In addition, applications of the use of 3D digitization and additive manufacturing methods are described, focusing on the design and manufacture of individual medical aids. Subsequently, the process of designing and manufacturing of orthopedic aids using these technologies is described and the advantages of introducing the given technologies into the design and manufacturing processes in the medicine sector are presented.

Laser Additive Manufacturing

3D Printing ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.

Micromachined Ultrasonic Print-Head for Deposition of High-Viscosity Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Meacham ◽  
Amanda O’Rourke ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Andrei G. Fedorov ◽  
F. Levent Degertekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Print Head ◽  
Cavity Resonances ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The recent application of inkjet printing to fabrication of three-dimensional, multilayer and multimaterial parts has tested the limits of conventional printing-based additive manufacturing techniques. The novel method presented here, termed as additive manufacturing via microarray deposition (AMMD), expands the allowable range of physical properties of printed fluids to include important, high-viscosity production materials (e.g., polyurethane resins). AMMD relies on a piezoelectrically driven ultrasonic print-head that generates continuous streams of droplets from 45 μm orifices while operating in the 0.5–3.0 MHz frequency range. The device is composed of a bulk ceramic piezoelectric transducer for ultrasound generation, a reservoir for the material to be printed, and a silicon micromachined array of liquid horn structures, which make up the ejection nozzles. Unique to this new printing technique are the high frequency of operation, use of fluid cavity resonances to assist ejection, and acoustic wave focusing to generate the pressure gradient required to form and eject droplets. We present the initial characterization of a micromachined print-head for deposition of fluids that cannot be used with conventional printing-based rapid prototyping techniques. Glycerol-water mixtures with a range of properties (surface tensions of ∼58–73 mN/m and viscosities of 0.7–380 mN s/m2) were used as representative printing fluids for most investigations. Sustained ejection was observed in all cases. In addition, successful ejection of a urethane-based photopolymer resin (surface tension of ∼25–30 mN/m and viscosity of 900–3000 mN s/m2) was achieved in short duration bursts. Peaks in the ejection quality were found to correspond to predicted device resonances. Based on these results, we have demonstrated the printing of fluids that fall well outside of the accepted range for the previously introduced printing indicator. The micromachined ultrasonic print-head achieves sustained printing of fluids up to 380 mN s/m2, far above the typical printable range.

Three-Dimensional Object Realization via Direct Volumetric Activation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Birnbaum ◽  
Athanasios P. Iliopoulos ◽  
John C. Steuben ◽  
John G. Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scaling Behavior ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Geometric Deviation ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Current Systems

Despite increasing levels of acceptance, traditional additive manufacturing techniques continue to suffer from a number of fundamental drawbacks that act to limit broad adoption. These drawbacks include limits on processable materials, part properties/performance, geometric deviation and repeatability. The vast majority of existing processes also rely on a point-by-point approach to generate parts, resulting in exceedingly long build times and extremely poor scaling behavior. Furthermore, in general, current systems require significant levels of complexity for operation, resulting in the need for considerable upfront capital investment as well as continuing maintenance costs. A new manufacturing approach is presented here, based upon the generation of objects from the direct creation of constituent volumetric sub-regions. This process addresses many of the limitations described above, and has the potential to significantly alter the manner with which three-dimensional objects are realized.

Additive Manufacturing of Pressure Vessels (With Plating)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan P. McNelly ◽  
Richard L. Hooks ◽  
William R. Setzler ◽  
Craig S. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Metal Plating ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Uniform Wall ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for product development with light weight, fewer machining constraints, and reduced costs depending on the application. While AM is an emerging field, there is limited research on the use of AM for pressure vessels or implementation in high stress environments. Depending on the design approach and limitations of traditional material-removal fabrication techniques, AM parts can achieve high strength-to-weight ratios with reduced manufacturing efforts. Coupling AM with alternative metal and composite materials allows for unique designs that have high strength-to-weight ratios for pressure-based applications. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) has conducted research on a number of these composite designs, focusing on the use of carbon fiber or metal plating with the AM materials. Before implementing AM in field tested prototypes, JHU/APL performed strength limitation tests on AM pressure vessels (PVs) in the laboratory to prove their effectiveness. PVs constructed with varying thicknesses and coating techniques were divided into three groups, each with a uniform wall thickness that provided a congruent surface area to withstand higher pressures. These PVs were then paired with one of three coating/plating technologies, forming a trade matrix of varying AM thicknesses and plating techniques. Once fabricated and plated, these test PVs were hydro-statically tested at increasing pressure levels. This pressure testing demonstrates that the use of AM to create PVs, when paired with specific plating techniques, can result in structures with significant strength capabilities at lighter than normal PV weights. Furthermore, JHU/APL has begun to test the AM PVs in a number of research projects. Such testing is desired because these unique parts can be easily manufactured in shapes and volumes that were previously unattainable through common manufacturing techniques. AM parts are now commonly used in air-frames; however, in higher pressure underwater scenarios AM’s capabilities are unproven. JHU/APL has begun to apply this new and emergent field to the effective design of AM PVs, which can play a significant role in the field of underwater vehicles and similar projects.

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