scholarly journals Initiating a New Era of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy in Acute Aortic Syndromes: The Mainz–Essen Experience (Part I)—Imaging and Biomarkers

Aorta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bossone ◽  
Riccardo Gorla ◽  
Brigida Ranieri ◽  
Valentina Russo ◽  
Heinz Jakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Intramural Hematoma ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
New Era ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Acute Aortic Syndromes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cardiovascular Diagnosis ◽  
Array Imaging

AbstractAcute aortic syndromes (AAS) encompass a group of life-threatening medical conditions (acute aortic dissection [AAD], intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer) with a common pathophysiological pathway. Due to overlapping symptoms and signs with other cardiovascular emergencies, the diagnosis remains challenging resulting in time delays and related increased in-hospital and long-term morbidity and mortality. The Cardiovascular Department of Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz at West-German Heart Centre in Essen (Germany) first described (in 1984) AAD by transesophageal echocardiography, AAD diagnostic features, and furtherly explored the implementation of “invasive” imaging techniques, namely, intravascular ultrasound and intraluminal phased-array imaging. Furthermore, pioneer studies were undertaken on the biomarker and imaging interplay, namely, D-dimer and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. We discuss the unique 35-year-long Mainz–Essen experience on the diagnostic and prognostic role of serological and imaging biomarkers in AAS.

scholarly journals News about the Role of Fluid and Imaging Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Jacopo Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Point

Biomarkers are molecules that are variable in their origin, nature, and mechanism of action; they are of great relevance in biology and also in medicine because of their specific connection with a single or several diseases. Biomarkers are of two types, which in some cases are operative with each other. Fluid biomarkers, started around 2000, are generated in fluid from specific proteins/peptides and miRNAs accumulated within two extracellular fluids, either the central spinal fluid or blood plasma. The switch of these proteins/peptides and miRNAs, from free to segregated within extracellular vesicles, has induced certain advantages including higher levels within fluids and lower operative expenses. Imaging biomarkers, started around 2004, are identified in vivo upon their binding by radiolabeled molecules subsequently revealed in the brain by positron emission tomography and/or other imaging techniques. A positive point for the latter approach is the quantitation of results, but expenses are much higher. At present, both types of biomarker are being extensively employed to study Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, investigated from the presymptomatic to mature stages. In conclusion, biomarkers have revolutionized scientific and medical research and practice. Diagnosis, which is often inadequate when based on medical criteria only, has been recently improved by the multiplicity and specificity of biomarkers. Analogous results have been obtained for prognosis. In contrast, improvement of therapy has been limited or fully absent, especially for Alzheimer’s in which progress has been inadequate. An urgent need at hand is therefore the progress of a new drug trial design together with patient management in clinical practice.

Distinct Imaging Modalities in Head and Neck Cancer: Benefits and Drawbacks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2777-2784
Author(s):  
Dana Merin ◽  
Roshni P R
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oncological Imaging

This review mainly focuses on the distinct imaging techniques in for head and neck cancer (HNC), its altered techniques used in diagnosis and its applications. It also depicts the upcoming imaging methods present in the field of HNC causing areas. It explains precise determination regarding the degree and extends of neoplasm. We mainly look on to the MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging), PET(Positron emission tomography), CT (computed tomography)imaging biomarkers for the management of HNC. It plays an important role in the therapy selection strategies and also enhances the therapeutic ratio in the management of HNC. The role of imaging techniques become increasingly more crucial in the management process in locally progressed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). In this structure, PET allows non-invasive assessment of a range of tumour biomarkers such as metabolism, hypoxia and proliferation. MRI techniques such as can characterize different tissues by probing into their microstructure, providing a novel methodology in oncological imaging. CT, MRI, and PET/CT are widely used to determine the presence and extent of the tumours before and after treatment. This review depicts a synopsis of the most recent imaging strategies and imaging recommendations for every one of the different strides along the clinical way of patients with head and neck malignant growth.

scholarly journals Bacterial infection imaging with [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. 8372-8377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sellmyer ◽  
Iljung Lee ◽  
Catherine Hou ◽  
Chi-Chang Weng ◽  
Shihong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Pathologic Processes

There is often overlap in the diagnostic features of common pathologic processes such as infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer both clinically and using conventional imaging techniques. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography probe for live bacterial infection based on the small-molecule antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim, or [18F]FPTMP, shows a greater than 100-fold increased uptake in vitro in live bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) relative to controls. In a rodent myositis model, [18F]FPTMP identified live bacterial infection without demonstrating confounding increased signal in the same animal from other etiologies including chemical inflammation (turpentine) and cancer (breast carcinoma). Additionally, the biodistribution of [18F]FPTMP in a nonhuman primate shows low background in many important tissues that may be sites of infection such as the lungs and soft tissues. These results suggest that [18F]FPTMP could be a broadly useful agent for the sensitive and specific imaging of bacterial infection with strong translational potential.

scholarly journals Penetrating Atheromatous Ulcer as a Precursor of Aortic Dissection: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Shah ◽  
Erik Polan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Ulcer Patient ◽  
Intramural Hematoma ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Penetrating Aortic Ulcer ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Acute Aortic Syndromes ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Background: Acute aortic syndromes include a range of life-threatening conditions with the most familiar entity being aortic dissection. However, variants of aortic dissection also include intimal tear without hematoma, aortic intramural hematoma, and lastly penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), which will be the focus of this case report. Most PAUs are located in the descending thoracic aorta (85-95%), but they can also occur in the ascending aorta or arch as in the current case.Case Presentation: We report a case of a 77 year old male who presented with chief complaint of intermittent right-handed weakness associated with no numbness or mental status changes. Patient was admitted for stroke workup with unrevealing findings on CT (computed tomography) for acute abnormalities or any hemodynamically significant stenosis on carotid ultrasound. CT angiogram of head/neck revealed a penetrating aortic ulcer of the lateral aspect of the mid to distal ascending aorta. Patient was then transferred for further evaluation to a center of higher level care for further management.Conclusions: Patient was evaluated for surgical repair of penetrating ascending aortic ulcer. Patient underwent serial imaging throughout hospital course which showed grossly similar findings to prior examination and thus no surgical intervention was needed at that time. Patient was recommended to have follow up CT scan in one month to monitor progression of aortic ulcer. Penetrating aortic ulcers are rarely located in the ascending aorta and are considered precursors of life-threatening aortic dissections.

scholarly journals Advances in Diagnostic Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5808
Author(s):  
Osamu Manabe ◽  
Noriko Oyama-Manabe ◽  
Tadao Aikawa ◽  
Satonori Tsuneta ◽  
Nagara Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, and its clinical presentation depends on the affected organ. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is one of the leading causes of death among patients with sarcoidosis. The clinical manifestations of CS are heterogeneous, and range from asymptomatic to life-threatening arrhythmias and progressive heart failure due to the extent and location of granulomatous inflammation in the myocardium. Advances in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in the evaluation of CS because histological diagnoses obtained by myocardial biopsy tend to have lower sensitivity. The diagnosis of CS is challenging, and several approaches, notably those using positron emission tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been reported. Delayed-enhanced computed tomography (CT) may also be used for diagnosing CS in patients with MRI-incompatible devices and allows acceptable evaluation of myocardial hyperenhancement in such patients. This article reviews the advances in imaging techniques for the evaluation of CS.

scholarly journals Preclinical Imaging Biomarkers for Postischaemic Neurovascular Remodelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Richa Gandhi ◽  
Charalampos Tsoumpas
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Restorative Therapy ◽  
Small Animal Models ◽  
Published Research

In the pursuit of understanding the pathological alterations that underlie ischaemic injuries, such as vascular remodelling and reorganisation, there is a need for recognising the capabilities and limitations of in vivo imaging techniques. Thus, this review presents contemporary published research of imaging modalities that have been implemented to study postischaemic neurovascular changes in small animals. A comparison of the technical aspects of the various imaging tools is included to set the framework for identifying the most appropriate methods to observe postischaemic neurovascular remodelling. A systematic search of the PubMed® and Elsevier’s Scopus databases identified studies that were conducted between 2008 and 2018 to explore postischaemic neurovascular remodelling in small animal models. Thirty-five relevant in vivo imaging studies are included, of which most made use of magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, whilst various optical modalities were also utilised. Notably, there is an increasing trend of using multimodal imaging to exploit the most beneficial properties of each imaging technique to elucidate different aspects of neurovascular remodelling. Nevertheless, there is still scope for further utilising noninvasive imaging tools such as contrast agents or radiotracers, which will have the ability to monitor neurovascular changes particularly during restorative therapy. This will facilitate more successful utility of the clinical imaging techniques in the interpretation of neurovascular reorganisation over time.

scholarly journals Penetrating Atheromatous Ulcer As A Precursor Of Aortic Dissection: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Shah ◽  
Erik Polan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Ulcer Patient ◽  
Intramural Hematoma ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Penetrating Aortic Ulcer ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Acute Aortic Syndromes ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Background: Acute aortic syndromes include a range of life-threatening conditions with the most familiar entity being aortic dissection. However, variants of aortic dissection also include intimal tear without hematoma, aortic intramural hematoma, and lastly penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), which will be the focus of this case report. Most PAUs are located in the descending thoracic aorta (85-95%), but they can also occur in the ascending aorta or arch as in the current case. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 77 year old male who presented with chief complaint of intermittent right-handed weakness associated with no numbness or mental status changes. Patient was admitted for stroke workup with unrevealing findings on CT (computed tomography) for acute abnormalities or any hemodynamically significant stenosis on carotid ultrasound. CT angiogram of head/neck revealed a penetrating aortic ulcer of the lateral aspect of the mid to distal ascending aorta. Patient was then transferred for further evaluation to a center of higher level care for further management. Conclusions: Patient was evaluated for surgical repair of penetrating ascending aortic ulcer. Patient underwent serial imaging throughout hospital course which showed grossly similar findings to prior examination and thus no surgical intervention was needed at that time. Patient was recommended to have follow up CT scan in one month to monitor progression of aortic ulcer, however patient lost to follow-up thereafter. Penetrating aortic ulcers are rarely located in the ascending aorta and are considered precursors of life-threatening aortic dissections.

scholarly journals Noninvasive imaging diagnosis of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: a pictorial review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Yuling Yan ◽  
Bin Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

AbstractSinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a rare liver disorder due to hepatic vascular injury. Its rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient survival. SOS is often established clinically, based on Baltimore, modified Seattle, or European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. Unfortunately, such criteria are not highly specificity and fail to provide a timely, reliable differential diagnosis. The use of noninvasive imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), has recently grown in this setting, some key imaging features offering diagnostic improvement. This review provides a synopsis of current noninvasive imaging techniques used for this purpose, summarizing accurate and reliable diagnostic features of SOS.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Angiography Assessment of Acute Aortic Syndromes: Classification, Differentiating Imaging Features, and Imaging Interpretation Pitfalls

2021 ◽  
pp. 084653712110015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mana Modares ◽  
Kate Hanneman ◽  
Maral Ouzounian ◽  
Jennifer Chung ◽  
Elsie T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Intramural Hematoma ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Acute Aortic Syndromes ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

An acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is an important life-threatening condition that requires early detection and management. Acute intramural hematoma (IMH), aortic dissection (AD) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) are included in AAS. ADs can be classified using the well-known Stanford or DeBakey classification systems. However, these classification systems omit description of arch dissections, anatomic variants, and morphologic features that impact outcome. The Society for Vascular Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (SVS-STS) have recently introduced a classification system that classifies ADs according to the location of the entry tear (primary intimomedial tear, PIT) and the proximal and distal extent of involvement, but does not include description of all morphologic features that may have diagnostic and prognostic significance. This review describes these classification systems for ADs and other AAS entities as well as their limitations. Typical computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging appearance and differentiating features of ADs, limited intimal tears (LITs), IMHs, intramural blood pools (IBPs), ulcer-like projections (ULPs), and PAUs will be discussed. Furthermore, this review highlights common imaging interpretation pitfalls, what should be included in a comprehensive CTA report, and provides a brief overview of current management options.

A Novel Secure and Robust encryption scheme for medical images

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyamol Chirakkarottu ◽  
Sheena Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Medical Images ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Health Care Applications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Medical imaging encloses different imaging techniques and processes to image the human body for medical diagnostic and treatment purposes. Hence it plays an important role to improve public health. The technological development in biomedical imaging specifically in X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), nuclear ultrasound including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide valuable information unique to a person. Objective: In health care applications, the images are needed to be exchanged mostly over wireless medium. The diagnostic images with confidential information of a patient need to be protected from unauthorized access during transmission. In this paper, a novel encryption method is proposed to improve the security and integrity of medical images. Methods: Chaotic map along with DNA cryptography is used for encryption. The proposed method describes a two phase encryption of medical images. Results: Performance of the proposed method is also tested by various analysis metrics. Robustness of the method against different noises and attacks is analyzed. Conclusion: The results show that the method is efficient and well suitable to medical images.

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