scholarly journals Advances in Diagnostic Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5808
Author(s):  
Osamu Manabe ◽  
Noriko Oyama-Manabe ◽  
Tadao Aikawa ◽  
Satonori Tsuneta ◽  
Nagara Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, and its clinical presentation depends on the affected organ. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is one of the leading causes of death among patients with sarcoidosis. The clinical manifestations of CS are heterogeneous, and range from asymptomatic to life-threatening arrhythmias and progressive heart failure due to the extent and location of granulomatous inflammation in the myocardium. Advances in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in the evaluation of CS because histological diagnoses obtained by myocardial biopsy tend to have lower sensitivity. The diagnosis of CS is challenging, and several approaches, notably those using positron emission tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been reported. Delayed-enhanced computed tomography (CT) may also be used for diagnosing CS in patients with MRI-incompatible devices and allows acceptable evaluation of myocardial hyperenhancement in such patients. This article reviews the advances in imaging techniques for the evaluation of CS.

The Multi-modality Cardiac Imaging Approach to Cardiac Sarcoidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ricci ◽  
Cesare Mantini ◽  
Chrysanthos Grigoratos ◽  
Francesco Bianco ◽  
Valentina Bucciarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with a neglected but high prevalence of life-threatening cardiac involvement. </P><P> Discussion: The clinical presentation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) depends upon the location and extent of the granulomatous inflammation, with left ventricular free wall the most common location followed by interventricular septum. The lack of a diagnostic gold standard and the unpredictable risk of sudden cardiac death pose serious challenges for the validation of accurate and effective screening test and the management of the disease. In the last few years advanced cardiac imaging modalities such as Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have significantly improved our knowledge and understanding of CS, and have also contributed in risk stratification, assessment of inflammatory activity and therapeutic monitoring of the disease. Conclusion: In this review, we will discuss the state of the art in the diagnosis of CS focusing on the role and importance of multi-modality cardiac imaging.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiac Sarcoidosis with Advanced Imaging Modalities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Orii ◽  
Toshio Imanishi ◽  
Takashi Akasaka
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the presence of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas, usually in multiple organs. Several studies have shown that sarcoidosis might be the result of an exaggerated granulomatous reaction after exposure to unidentified antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Cardiac involvement may occur and lead to an adverse outcome: the heart mechanics will be affected and that causes ventricular failure, and the cardiac electrical system will be disrupted and lead to third degree atrioventricular block, malignant ventricular tachycardia, and sudden cardiac death. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of this potentially devastating disease is critically important. However, sensitive and accurate imaging modalities have not been established. Recent studies have demonstrated the promising potential of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) in the diagnosis and assessment of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, etiology, histological findings, and clinical features of sarcoidosis. We also introduce advanced imaging including18F-FDG PET and cardiac MRI as more reliable diagnostic modalities for CS.

scholarly journals Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Characteristics, and Therapeutic Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 8s1 ◽  
pp. CMC.S15713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Houston ◽  
Monica Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Nuclear Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Difficult Challenge

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease pathologically characterized by the accumulation of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes into the sine qua non pathologic structure of the noncaseating granuloma. Cardiac involvement remains a key source of morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Definitive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, particularly early enough in the disease course to provide maximal therapeutic impact, has proven a particularly difficult challenge. However, major advancements in imaging techniques have been made in the last decade. Advancements in imaging modalities including echocardiography, nuclear spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging all have improved our ability to diagnose cardiac sarcoidosis, and in many cases to provide a more accurate prognosis and thus targeted therapy. Likewise, therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis is beginning to advance past a “steroids-only” approach, as novel immunosuppressant agents provide effective steroid-sparing options. The following focused review will provide a brief discussion of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis followed by a discussion of up-to-date imaging modalities employed in its assessment and therapeutic approaches.

A Novel Secure and Robust encryption scheme for medical images

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyamol Chirakkarottu ◽  
Sheena Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Medical Images ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Health Care Applications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Medical imaging encloses different imaging techniques and processes to image the human body for medical diagnostic and treatment purposes. Hence it plays an important role to improve public health. The technological development in biomedical imaging specifically in X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), nuclear ultrasound including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide valuable information unique to a person. Objective: In health care applications, the images are needed to be exchanged mostly over wireless medium. The diagnostic images with confidential information of a patient need to be protected from unauthorized access during transmission. In this paper, a novel encryption method is proposed to improve the security and integrity of medical images. Methods: Chaotic map along with DNA cryptography is used for encryption. The proposed method describes a two phase encryption of medical images. Results: Performance of the proposed method is also tested by various analysis metrics. Robustness of the method against different noises and attacks is analyzed. Conclusion: The results show that the method is efficient and well suitable to medical images.

scholarly journals Complete heart block in cardiac sarcoidosis reversed by corticosteroid therapy: time course of resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e240834
Author(s):  
Anna Tomdio ◽  
Huzaefah Syed ◽  
Kenneth Ellenbogen ◽  
Jordana Kron
Keyword(s):  
Heart Block ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Complete Heart Block ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Av Conduction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
High Level ◽  
Active Inflammation ◽  
Lateral Walls

A 53-year-old man was admitted for recurrent syncope and found to have complete heart block (CHB). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging MRI) showed extensive patchy late gadolinium enhancement in the apical and lateral walls, consistent with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) but no scar in the septum. A fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography showed FDG uptake in the septum and basal lateral walls. Imaging suggested active inflammation in the septum affecting atrioventricular (AV) conduction but no irreversible fibrosis. Diagnosis of isolated CS requires a high level of suspicion and multidisciplinary teamwork involving heart failure specialists, electrophysiologists and rheumatologists. After specialist and patient discussion, treatment of the disease was initiated with prednisone 40 mg daily, 11 months after presenting with CHB. Three weeks later, ECG with pacing inhibited showed second-degree AV block Mobitz type II and 4 weeks later, AV conduction recovery. This highlights the importance of immediate therapy in reversing AV conduction abnormalities in CS.

EEG Based Detection of Alcoholics

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
T. K. Padma Shri ◽  
N. Sriraam
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuro Imaging

The short term and long term effects of alcohol on various organs of the body, especially on the human brain is well established by numerous studies. Invasive methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and non invasive imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and functional MRI activated electro-encephalogram (EEG) have been used to study the changes in EEG activity due to alcoholism. Even with the advent of neuro imaging techniques, EEG happens to be an important tool for brain study providing a non- invasive and cost effective method to detect the effects of alcohol on the human brain. This paper discusses the harmful effects of alcohol on different organs of the body. The advances in the development of EEG signal processing algorithms over the past decade for alcoholic detection are reviewed and their limitations are reported. Further the use of EEG for mass screening of alcoholics and biometric application is discussed in detail.

Radiology of the head and neck

2021 ◽  
pp. 973-976
Author(s):  
Ivan Zammit-Maempel
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Video Fluoroscopy

Various imaging techniques are used in the staging and follow-up of head and neck cancer and evaluating patients presenting with a neck mass. The workhorses in imaging the neck are ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) increasingly being requested. Plain radiographs, contrast studies, video fluoroscopy, angiography, and cone beam CT have limited but important roles. This chapter discusses the role of some of these modalities.

Imaging of feeding and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1075-1086
Author(s):  
Natalie Kurniadi ◽  
Christina E. Wierenga ◽  
Laura A. Berner ◽  
Walter H. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Diffusion

The conceptual framework regarding the aetiology of eating disorders (EDs) has changed dramatically in recent decades. Cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques have led to advancements in understanding the underlying neurobiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allow the opportunity to examine not only structural, but also functional, abnormalities that contribute to extreme eating behaviours characteristic of these life-threatening disorders. Furthermore, research using imaging paradigms suggests that variations in neurobiology are associated with traits that persist after recovery. This chapter will provide insights regarding neural pathways involved in the processing of appetite, reward, mood, body perception, and cognitive inhibition as they pertain to EDs. Findings relevant to feeding disorders will also be discussed. Conclusions will include considerations of treatment applications and directions for future research.

EEG Based Detection of Alcoholics

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Padma Shri ◽  
N. Sriraam
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuro Imaging

The short term and long term effects of alcohol on various organs of the body, especially on the human brain is well established by numerous studies. Invasive methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and non invasive imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and functional MRI activated electro-encephalogram (EEG) have been used to study the changes in EEG activity due to alcoholism. Even with the advent of neuro imaging techniques, EEG happens to be an important tool for brain study providing a non- invasive and cost effective method to detect the effects of alcohol on the human brain. This paper discusses the harmful effects of alcohol on different organs of the body. The advances in the development of EEG signal processing algorithms over the past decade for alcoholic detection are reviewed and their limitations are reported. Further the use of EEG for mass screening of alcoholics and biometric application is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Sarcoidosis: Causes, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashi Jain ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Nidhi Puranik ◽  
Randeep Guleria ◽  
Jun-O Jin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly affects the pulmonary system and other organs including the eyes, skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis usually presents with persistent dry cough, eye and skin manifestations, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and erythema nodosum. Sarcoidosis is not influenced by sex or age, although it is more common in adults (< 50 years) of African-American or Scandinavians decent. Diagnosis can be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and can only be verified following histopathological examination. Various factors, including infection, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors, are involved in the pathology of sarcoidosis. Exposures to insecticides, herbicides, bioaerosols, and agricultural employment are also associated with an increased risk for sarcoidosis. Due to its unknown etiology, early diagnosis and detection are difficult; however, the advent of advanced technologies, such as endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy, high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has improved our ability to reliably diagnose this condition and accurately forecast its prognosis. This review discusses the causes and clinical features of sarcoidosis, and the improvements made in its prognosis, therapeutic management, and the recent discovery of potential biomarkers associated with the diagnostic assay used for sarcoidosis confirmation.

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