scholarly journals Artifacts in MRI: Villain or Hero? Using Artifacts for Diagnosing Central Nervous System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lopes de Morais ◽  
Gilmar Filho Peruzini ◽  
Marcos Rosa-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Final Interpretation ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractAn artifact is a feature present in an image which is not part of the original structure. It can occur as a consequence of several factors. It may be mistaken for pathologic conditions, leading to adverse consequences for the patients. The aim of the present study is to present a selection of the main artifacts described in brain and spinal magnetic resonance images to improve the ability of the physicians to recognize them and to reduce their interference on the final interpretation of a scan. The authors searched the scientific community for artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which were selected to focus on central nervous system (CNS) findings. With the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) database from the center where this study was conducted, the authors designated brain and spine MRI scans with conspicuous artifacts to compose the present study. The artifacts were then classified as those that contribute to the diagnosis and those that must be distinguished from pathologic lesions. Considering the novel classification proposed by the present study, physicians might be stimulated to reevaluate their opinions regarding artifacts, perhaps considering them helpful to evaluate certain conditions even if they cannot be fully corrected, as shown by this distinct approach to artifacts with specific findings concerning differential diagnosis of CNS conditions.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Current Perspectives

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Renata Barbosa Paolilo ◽  
Kumaran Deiva ◽  
Rinze Neuteboom ◽  
Kevin Rostásy ◽  
Ming Lim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder, characterized by polyfocal symptoms, encephalopathy and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, that especially affects young children. Advances in understanding CNS neuroimmune disorders as well as the association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) with both monophasic and recurrent forms of ADEM have led to new insights into its definition, management and outcome. In this review, we aim to provide an update based on current epidemiologic, clinical, radiological and immunopathological aspects and clinical outcome of ADEM.

Imaging-based stereotaxic serial biopsies in untreated intracranial glial neoplasms

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Kelly ◽  
Catherine Daumas-Duport ◽  
David B. Kispert ◽  
Bruce A. Kall ◽  
Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Isolated Tumor Cell ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

✓ Forty patients with previously untreated intracranial glial neoplasms underwent stereotaxic serial biopsies assisted by computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tumor volumes defined by computer reconstruction of contrast enhancement and low-attenuation boundaries on CT and T1 and T2 prolongation on MRI revealed that tumor volumes defined by T2-weighted MRI scans were larger than those defined by low-attenuation or contrast enhancement on CT scans. Histological analysis of 195 biopsy specimens obtained from various locations within the volumes defined by CT and MRI revealed that: 1) contrast enhancement most often corresponded to tumor tissue without intervening parenchyma; 2) hypodensity corresponded to parenchyma infiltrated by isolated tumor cells or in some instances to tumor tissue in low-grade gliomas or to simple edema; and 3) isolated tumor cell infiltration extended at least as far as T2 prolongation on magnetic resonance images. This information may be useful in planning surgical procedures and radiation therapy in patients with intracranial glial neoplasms.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance and its diagnostic accuracy of glioblastoma: narrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro da Cunha Dantas ◽  
Lucas Pablo Almendro ◽  
Ana Caroline Fonseca Silva ◽  
André Douglas Marinho da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Key Words Glioblastoma ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal Central Nervous System (CNS) malignant cancer, and the exclusion of differential diagnoses - eg primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) - often occurs via various Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methodologies. Objective: To describe which best image sequences are critical for greater accuracy in the diagnosis of GBM and for their distinction from other CNS tumors. Methods: This is a literature narrative review, initiated by research in Pubmed database, using associated Key words: “Glioblastoma” and “Magnetic Resonance”; and filters: systematic reviews + last 5 years publications. Productions that didn’t meet the objective were discarded. Results: MRI has accuracy for diagnosing GBM using the combination T2 + FLAIR + T1 with pre and post-gadolinic contrast. Diffusion and perfusion-weighted MRI association show an improvement in specificity. Computed tomography is used when MRI is unviable, identifying calcifications or hemorrhages and determining the lesion location and surgical potential. Also, spectroscopic MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and PET 18F-FDG, and 11C-MET were reported as important additional diagnostic criteria. Diffusion MRI (DWI) is a non-invasive, convenient, economical, and quick procedure when compared to GBM biopsy. Therefore, adding reliable evidence for moderate differentiation between GBM and PCNSL through DWI. Conclusion: Reliable methods are needed for GBM accurate diagnosis and its differential diagnoses, using at least T2 + FLAIR + T1, and physiological exams to enhance specificity.

Imaging of CNS Fungal Infections: Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-885
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are usually identified in immunocompromised patients but rare in immunocompetent hosts. The clinical and imaging manifestations are mainly influenced by types of fungal pathogen and immune status of the patients. The CNS fungal infections can develop through hematogenous dissemination from primary site of infection, cerebrospinal fluid seeding, or direct extension from adjacent sources of infection. Fungal infections can result in meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cerebritis, granuloma, or abscess formation, which imaging findings are often non-specific and difficult to distinguish from bacterial or tuberculous infection, non-infectious inflammatory disease, or even intracranial neoplasm. Vascular complications including vasculitis, cerebral infarction, or mycotic aneurysm are commonly present due to angioinvasion of fungal hyphae. In addition, some characteristic imaging features of fungal infections can be identified by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as intracavitary projections in fungal abscesses and gelatinous pseudocysts in cryptococcosis that could help suggest the diagnosis. Recognizing the imaging findings of common intracranial fungal infections combined with appropriate clinical setting is crucial for allowing early diagnosis and leading to early specific treatment. The present article reviewed common imaging findings of CNS fungal infections and distinct imaging features of specific pathogens. Keywords: Fungal infection, Brain abscess, Cryptococcosis, Central nervous system (CNS), Computed tomography (CT), Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Diagnostic Tests

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The diagnostic tests used most often to evaluate patients who have disease of the central nervous system (CNS) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests should be used to supplement or to extend the clinical examination.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in the Central Nervous System of a Dog with Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Linda G. Lang ◽  
John F. Griffin ◽  
Jonathan M. Levine ◽  
Edward B. Breitschwerdt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

A ten-year-old neutered male dog was examined for tetraparesis, vestibular dysfunction, ataxia, and vertebral column hyperesthesia of 10 days duration. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there were multifocal, punctate, T2-hyperintense lesions in the brain and cervical spinal cord and intracranial leptomeningeal contrast enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis and mildly elevated protein.Ehrlichia caniswas diagnosed by serum immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) testing. The dog improved with administration of doxycycline. This report describes MRI central nervous system findings in a dog with ehrlichiosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document