Role of Interventional Radiology in Children with Biliary and Gallbladder Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Anel Yakupovich ◽  
Shankar Rajeswaran ◽  
Jared Green ◽  
James S. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Gallbladder Diseases ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

AbstractBiliary and gallbladder diseases in infants and children often present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that require a fundamental understanding of notable biliary diseases and anatomical variations. Surgical and endoscopic approaches that are often the gold standard in adult biliary treatment may be technically challenging and are associated with a high morbidity that may warrant a multidisciplinary treatment approach. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of the biliary conditions where interventional radiology can play a vital role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment. Differences in approach or technique between children and adults will be highlighted.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis of the clavicle: a pleural process?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e235764
Author(s):  
Amira Elshikh ◽  
Niraj Gowda ◽  
Lisa Glass ◽  
Robert B Maximos
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pleural Involvement

Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) is a rare infection associated with intraosseous gas. EO is an often fatal disease with an estimated 34% mortality. We present a case of a 63-year-old man with sternoclavicular EO with pleural involvement and significant subcutaneous emphysema diagnosed by CT. Extension of intraosseous gas into the pleural cavity is an extremely interesting presentation that has not been previously reported. The patient underwent a multidisciplinary treatment approach with surgical debridement and an extended antibiotic course. Intraoperative cultures of the pectoralis muscle and bone biopsy grew pan-sensitive Escherichia coli. Prompt recognition and treatment are paramount to avoid a potentially fatal outcome. A review of the literature of the previous 46 cases of EO is presented for associated risk factors, the role of surgical management and antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta Superimposed by Thumb Sucking Habit: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Raed R. Gholman ◽  
Omar A. El Meligy
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Thumb Sucking

A seven-year-old boy was presented with discontent of his teeth appearance, mild teeth sensitiveness, bad masticatory effectiveness, difficulty in speech and low self-esteem. The clinical and radiographic results indicated amelogenesis imperfecta. Because of uncooperative behavior, treatment was accomplished under general anesthesia. The use of composite resin and stainless steel crowns produced effective and satisfying improvement of the patient’s aesthetic looks, in addition to prevention of further sensitivity and wear so enhancing his functional needs. The lastingness of the thorough management of this patient needed powerful stress on careful oral hygiene. There is a major role of multidisciplinary team to the effective management of patients with hypomaturation type of amelogenesis imperfecta. Many factors have a significant part in treatment planning of amelogenesis imperfecta cases such as patient’s age, socioeconomic condition, seriousness of the defect, the patient’s collaboration and association with other medical conditions.

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Adaixo ◽  
Eva M. Steiner ◽  
Ricardo D. Righetto ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Henning Stahlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

The thyroglobulin (Tg) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, playing a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth. Its structure is conserved among vertebrates. Tg is delivered through the secretory pathway of the thyroid follicular unit to the central colloid depository, where it is iodinated at specific tyrosine sites to form mono- or diiodotyrosine, which combine to produce triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), respectively. Synthesis of these hormones depends on the precise 3D structure of Tg, which has remained unknown despite decades of research. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human thyroglobulin (hTg) to a global resolution of 3.2 Å. The structure provides detailed information on the location of the hTg hormonogenic sites and reveals the position as well as the role of many of its glycosylation sites. Our results offer structural insight into thyroid hormonogenesis and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant hTg mutations, which can improve treatment of thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Adaixo ◽  
Eva Steiner ◽  
Ricardo Righetto ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Henning Stahlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The thyroglobulin (Tg) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, playing a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth. Its structure is conserved among vertebrates. Tg is delivered through the secretory pathway of the thyroid follicular unit to the central colloid depository, where it is iodinated at specific tyrosine sites to form mono- or diiodotyrosine, which combine to produce triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), respectively. Synthesis of these hormones depends on the precise 3D structure of Tg, which has remained unknown despite decades of research. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human thyroglobulin (hTg) to a global resolution of 3.2 Å. The structure provides detailed information on the location of the hTg hormonogenic sites and reveals the position as well as the role of many of its glycosylation sites. Our results offer structural insight into thyroid hormonogenesis and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant hTg mutations, which can improve treatment of thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Interventional Radiologist in the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 062-073
Author(s):  
William Bremer ◽  
Charles E. Ray ◽  
Ketan Y. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Aspiration Thrombectomy ◽  
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Submassive Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractPulmonary embolism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality which continues to increase in overall incidence. Because it can occur with a wide range of clinical presentations, different guidelines have been developed for appropriate risk stratification of patients; interventional radiology plays a vital role in the management of both massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. Catheter-directed therapy, including mechanical and aspiration thrombectomy, standard catheter-directed thrombolysis, and ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis, has many benefits, including lower thrombolytic doses and intraclot administration of thrombolytic therapy. While the role of catheter-directed therapy is still being developed, four important prospective studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy. Additional studies comparing short- and long-term clinical outcomes in patients treated with catheter-directed therapy versus anticoagulation are the next step in understanding its role within the management of submassive pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response teams, in which interventional radiology plays a crucial role, are becoming essential to appropriately managing pulmonary embolism patients, including selection of those who may benefit from catheter-directed therapy.

scholarly journals Thoracic Trauma, Nonaortic Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 075-083
Author(s):  
Kai A. Jones ◽  
Shirin Sadri ◽  
Noor Ahmad ◽  
Joseph R. Weintraub ◽  
Stephen P. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Thoracic Trauma ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Thoracic Injuries ◽  
Small Minority

AbstractTrauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of trauma patients have thoracic injuries. Nonvascular injury to the chest is most common; however, while vascular injuries to the chest make up a small minority of injuries in thoracic trauma, these injuries are most likely to require intervention by interventional radiology (IR). IR plays a vital role, with much to offer, in the evaluation and management of patients with both vascular and nonvascular thoracic trauma; in many cases, IR treatments obviate the need for these patients to go to the operating room. This article reviews the role of IR in the treatment of vascular an nonvascular traumatic thoracic injuries.

A STUDY OF BACTERIOLOGICALASSOCIATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS OF NECK ABSCESSES.

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Arijit Chatterjee ◽  
Jayanta Saha ◽  
Bipasa Chakraborty ◽  
Debabrata Biswas ◽  
Tithi Debnath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Neck Abscess ◽  
Deep Neck Infections

INTRODUCTION: Deep neck infections which play an important role among neck abscesses have been described rstly by Galen and currently their incidence rates have ranged between 9 to 12/1,00,000. Usually the results of cultures are polymicrobial but as a whole, Streptococcus are the organisms most commonly cultured from deep neck abscesses.The incidence of deep neck infections is decreasing with the use of antibiotics.In this study we have tried to nd out association of microorganisms in neck abscess patients and their antibiotic sensitivity. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: AIM OFTHE STUDY1.Find out association of various microorganisms with neck abscesses 2.To determine antibiotic sensitivity of various microorganisms associated with neck abscess formation. OBJECTIVE OFTHE STUDY- To nd out a proper knowledge regarding role of microorganisms in neck abscess patients so that denitive treatment lines can be established. METHODOLOGY: :Aprospective study was performed in 90 cases of neck abscesses in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1.5years from February 2019 to July 2020 to nd out association between neck abscesses with bacteriological factors and antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganisms. RESULT: It was found that klebsiella pneumoniae was higher proportion in associated bacteria.The antibiotic sensitivity testings revealed proper medical treatment path by directing necessary antibiotics for specic microorganisms involved in cases of neck abscess. Thus a multidisciplinary treatment approach is always advisable.

The role of general dentists in the management of cleft lip and palate patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Madhura Vasanth ◽  
Anne-Marie Smith ◽  
Alison Murray
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
General Dentists

The management of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) presents many challenges, and effective management involves a multidisciplinary treatment approach, which is now considered the standard of care for these patients. Patients with CLP generally require extensive and prolonged orthodontic treatment and this can be at any stage from birth to young adult age.

scholarly journals Toward a Fundamental Understanding of the Role of Lignin in the Biorefinery Process

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Yao ◽  
Haitao Yang ◽  
Xianzhi Meng ◽  
Arthur J. Ragauskas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Structural Feature ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Enzyme Binding ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Unique Structural Feature ◽  
Main Components

As one of the main components in biomass, lignin plays a vital role in the biorefinery industry. Its unique structural feature increases the dose of cellulases during enzymatic deconstruction and is an attractive resource for many high valued products. The inhibition of lignin on cellulases is proposed to occur in several ways, with the most studied being nonproductive enzyme binding, which is attributed to hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions. This review provides a comprehensive review of how lignin is transformed during various pretreatment methods as well as how these changes impact the cellulases inhibition. Future pretreatment directions for decreased cellulases inhibition are also proposed.

Interactions between cardiology and oncology drugs in precision cardio-oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1351
Author(s):  
Sailaja Kamaraju ◽  
Meera Mohan ◽  
Svetlana Zaharova ◽  
Brianna Wallace ◽  
Joseph McGraw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Glycoprotein P ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects

Abstract Recent advances in treatment have transformed the management of cancer. Despite these advances, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in cancer survivors. Cardio-oncology has recently evolved as a subspecialty to prevent, diagnose, and manage cardiovascular side effects of antineoplastic therapy. An emphasis on optimal management of comorbidities and close attention to drug interactions are important in cardio-oncologic care. With interdisciplinary collaboration among oncologists, cardiologists, and pharmacists, there is potential to prevent and reduce drug-related toxicities of treatments. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-g) transporter play a crucial role in drug metabolism and drug resistance. Here we discuss the role of CYP450 and P-g in drug interactions in the field of cardio-oncology, provide an overview of the cardiotoxicity of a spectrum of cancer agents, highlight the role of precision medicine, and encourage a multidisciplinary treatment approach for patients with cancer.

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