scholarly journals Prevalence of Macroprolactinemia in People Detected to Have Hyperprolactinemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Deep Dutta ◽  
Neera Sharma ◽  
Bindu Kulshreshtha ◽  
Sandhya Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Upper Reference Limit ◽  
Precipitation Test

Abstract Background Macroprolactinemia is an analytic laboma encountered as a part of prolactin assay. No data are available on the burden of macroprolactinemia in Indians. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of macroprolactinemia among people with hyperprolactinemia. Methods Consecutive patients detected to have serum prolactin > 18 ng/mL as per the upper reference limit were further screened for macroprolactin by post-polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-precipitation test. Macroprolactinemia was defined as post-PEG recovery of prolactin < 40%. Results The four most common underlying etiologies for the testing of hyperprolactinemia were polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 402; 32.71%), pituitary adenomas (n = 318; 25.87%), drug-induced hyperprolactinemia (n = 224; 18.23%), and infertility (n = 126; 10.25%). A total of 1,229 patients (male:female = 191:1038) having mean age 30.46 ± 10.14 years had hyperprolactinemia, of which 168 (13.7%) were diagnosed to have macroprolactinemia. Macroprolactinemia was significantly higher in females than males (15.03 vs. 6.28%; p < 0.001). Age quartile-based analysis revealed no difference in occurrence of macroprolactinemia. Only 34 patients (2.76%) with macroprolactinemia (< 40% recovery of prolactin post-PEG precipitation) had raised prolactin levels after recovery. These patients primarily had underlying pituitary pathology. Conclusion Macroprolactinemia is not uncommon in people being tested for hyperprolactinemia. We should not hesitate to screen for macroprolactinemia in patients who have incidentally been detected to have hyperprolactinemia.

Clinical and Hormonal Profile of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Ferdousi Begum
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Pcos Patient ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hormonal Profile

ABSTRACT Objectives The objectives of the study were to find out the clinical features, biochemical and hormonal profile of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Bangladesh. Material and Methods A case control and cross-sectional study was undertaken among 78 PCOS patients attending infertility clinic and 33 controls at BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka. Inclusion criteria for cases were oligo/amenorrhea, transvaginal sonography suggesting PCO and/ or features of hyperandrogenemia with exclusion of other causes. Controls were women with regular menstrual cycle. Results Age and height of cases and controls were similar. BMI >25 was 67% among cases and 19% among controls (P<0.001); waist hip ratio >0.8 was 64% among cases and 29% among controls (P<0.001). Mean BMI of cases was 28.2 + 4.5 and that of cases was 21.05 + 4.1; mean fasting glucose among cases was 5.93 + 1.08 and among controls was 4.4 + 1.11 mmol/L (P<0.01); mean fasting serum insulin level was 32.15+ 12.13 among cases was 11.32 +10.02 ìU/ml among controls(P<.001); insulin resistance (fasting HOMA-IR>6.8) was 42.32% in cases and 12% in control (P<.001). Patients with PCOS had following clinical and biochemical parameters: oligomenorrhea- 74%, amenorrhea- 26%, mean Ferriman-Galaway score -19.89 + 5.06. At day 3 of menstrual cycle meanserum LH was 12.79+7.1 mmol/L, serum FSH was 5.23 + 2.5 miu/ml and serum prolactin was 415.15+180.5 mmol/L; 30% had biochemical hyperandrogenemia. Conclusions PCOS patient in Bangladesh are usually overweight, hirsute (grade I and II), hyperandrogenemic, insulin resitant and have altered LH to FSH ratio.

scholarly journals Hirsutism - Evaluation and Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazma Akter ◽  
Nazmul Kabir Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Young Females

Hirsutism is a distressing clinical condition seen in adult female patients. The cause is mainly hyperandrogenism, which may be ovarian or adrenal. The most common pathological cause is usually polycystic ovary syndrome. It may be part of a rare metabolic syndrome, drug induced, or just idiopathic. It requires in depth clinical evaluation and investigation for treatment. Serum testosterone measurements are not needed in many cases. Hirsutism has a huge psychosocial impact, especially in the young females. This article reviews the current evaluation guidelines and management of hirsutism.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2016 4(1): 35-44

scholarly journals Serum prolactin, Preptin, CCL 18 and genetic polymorphisms in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
Israa F. Ascar ◽  
Areej Sh. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Private Laboratory ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Automated Immunoassay ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

The polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine condition. One of the leading causes of female infertility and the most common disorder among women. The work was being carried out on 100 Iraqi women (50 cases confirmed with PCOS and 50 controls). Between October 2019 and March 2020, blood samples were collected from the Advanced Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology at AL-Nahrain University and a private laboratory. ELISA was used to evaluate the biochemical parameters of preptin, FSH, insulin, LH, and CCL 18 in serum samples from the AFIAS-6 (AFIAS Automated Immunoassay System). The findings of the analysis indicate that, as opposed to the control group, values of prolactin (ng/ml), LH (mIU/ml), Preptin (pg/ml) and CCL 18 (ng/ml) Quite higher in PCOS sickness (p < 0.001) Compared with the patient group, the values of testosterone (ng/ml) and FSH (mIU/ml) was noticeably higher (p <0.05), and PRLR gene expression levels in PCOS patients were significantly increased by 3.6 times. I n summary, the levels of Preptin and CCL18 can be regarded as PCOS markers.

scholarly journals Drilling: medical indications and surgical technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Kallás Hueb ◽  
João Antônio Dias Júnior ◽  
Maurício Simões Abrão ◽  
Elias Kallás Filho
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling ◽  
Ovarian Drilling

SUMMARY Introduction: anovulation is a major cause of female infertility, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulation. While undergoing drug-induced ovulation, women with PCOS usually have a satisfactory response recruiting follicles, but some are unable to recruit follicles or often produce an excessive number of follicles, which can result in ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome and/or multiple pregnancy. Surgical laparoscopy with ovarian "drilling" may prevent or reduce the need for drug-induced ovulation. Objective: to identify the current indications of laparoscopic ovarian drilling and the best surgical technique. Method: a review of the medical literature based on systematic search in the Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane databases, using as keywords laparoscopy, polycystic ovary syndrome, and drilling. Results: we found 105 articles in the literature, 27 of these highly relevant, describing findings on ovarian drilling. Conclusion: laparoscopic drilling is indicated for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome with ovulatory resistance to the use of clomiphene citrate, body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 and preoperative luteinizing hormone above 10 IU/L. The preferred surgical technique should be the realization of 5 to 10 perforations on the surface of each ovary bilaterally using monopolar energy.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hyperprolactinemia in PCOS and its Association with Female Infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Anam Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Infertility is a critical health concern partially due to intricacy in its causes and striving for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Various researches have documented a close linkage between polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia. Aims & Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the frequency of hyperprolactinemia in PCOS and its association with infertility in PCOS subjects. Place and duration of study: It was a cross sectional study, conducted during April 2017 and September 2017 at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Material & Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan from April to September 2017. This study comprised of 88 female subjects of 17-35 years old who included PCOS subjects and age matched controls. Hyperprolactinemia was assessed by the measurement of serum prolactin levels which were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay technique (CLIA). SPSS version 22 was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Out of total 88 female participants, 61.4% of polycystic ovary syndrome subjects had hyperprolactinemia as compared to this 36.4% of controls had hyperprolactinemia. Pearson correlation also revealed significant positive association of hyperprolactinemia with infertility. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia was frequently seen in polycystic ovary syndrome females as well as raised BMI was also found. Raised prolactin levels are strongly associated with female infertility. Key words: Hyperprolactinemia, Infertilty, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hyperprolactinemia risk factors in infertile women referred to Yazd Infertility Center: A cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1085-1090
Author(s):  
Elahe Dehghan ◽  
Nasim Namiranian ◽  
Akram Ghadiri-Anari ◽  
Seid Kazem Razavi Ratki ◽  
Reyhaneh Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Mean

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. The prevalence of pituitary tumors is 25-30% among infertile participants with hyperprolactinemia. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the causes of hyperprolactinemia in infertile women referred to Yazd Infertility Center. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 infertile women with hyperprolactinemia who were referred to Yazd Infertility Center from February 2018 to October 2019. Serum prolactin was assessed by the human prolactin ELISA kit according to the Padtan Gostar Isar protocol. The age, duration of infertility, causes of hyperprolactinemia, and type of infertility treatment were noted. The MRI findings were added. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.9 ± 0.36 yr and the prolactin level was 76 ± 8.97 ng/ml. The etiology of hyperprolactinemia among the study participants was 35 participants (19.2%) with pituitary adenoma, 47 participants (25.8%) with polycystic ovary syndrome, 14 participants (7.7%) with pituitary adenoma and polycystic ovary syndrome, and 86 participants (47.3%) with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean prolactin levels in participants with different causes of hyperprolactinemia (p = 0.31). Conclusion: Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovary syndrome are the most common reasons for hyperprolactinemia. Key words: Hyperprolactinemia, Infertility, PCOS.

scholarly journals THE FREQUENCY OF ELEVATED PROLACTIN LEVEL IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME WOMEN (PCOS) AND ITS' EFFECT ON PREGNANCY RATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Group I

Introduction: Prolactin is a hormone secreted from anterior pituitary gland which has different functions throughout the body of the fertile females. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may exhibit a mild elevation of serum prolactin level. High prolactin level can affect the fertility potential causing ovulatory dysfunction. Even those with normal ovulation, failure of producing a sufficient amount of progesterone after ovulation may occur which resulted in a deficient endometrium; less liable for embryo implantation( luteal phase defect). Thus, this research is aimed to study the frequency of elevated prolactin in women with PCOS and to evaluate its' effect on pregnancy rate. Methods: Fifty-three infertile females were included. They divided in to two major groups: Group I: females with PCOS and Group II: females with no PCOS. Both groups sub-divided in to two subgroups: Group A with serum prolactin more than 20 ng/dl and Group B with normal serum prolactin 2-20 ng/dl. All females were included in ICSI program followed by assessment of pregnancy rate in both groups. Results: The study was showed that 69.44% of women who suffered from PCOS had an elevated serum prolactin level with a mean of 31.17±10.24. Pregnancy rate was lower in the females with high serum prolactin level in both PCOS and non-PCOS women. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia is more frequent in the females with PCOS than normal ovulatory females. Elevated serum prolactin level negatively affects implantation and decreases the chance of getting a pregnancy following ICSI.

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