scholarly journals Role of Imaging in a Case of Toxoplasmosis Presenting as Generalized Lymphadenopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thara Pratap ◽  
Muhammed Jasim Abdul Jalal ◽  
Vishnu A. K. ◽  
Senthil Raja
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasm ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
The Brain

AbstractToxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii an obligate protozoan intracellular parasite. The disease has variable prevalence globally and is usually asymptomatic. Pregnant and immunocompromised people are at risk of getting infected. Enlarged lymph nodes are the most frequently observed clinical form of Toxoplasma in humans, mostly affecting posterior cervical nodes. Other organs usually affected are the brain and eyes. We present a case of toxoplasmosis with generalized lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in a lady with a previous history of operated pancreatic neoplasm.

CAT SCRATCH DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-379
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Number Of Publications

SINCE the first report by Debré in 1950 of a syndrome of regional lymphadenopathy after a cat scratch, a number of publications reporting several hundred cases have firmly established cat scratch disease as a clinical entity. The role of the cat in the natural history of the disease is not clearly understood, but the available evidence suggests the cat acts as a vehicle of transmission of an infectious agent although its role as a reservoir of infection has not been completely ruled out. The usual method of transmission appears to be inoculation of the agent at the site of a cat scratch, but other possible methods of transmission such as inhalation of the agent are substantiated by the several reported cases with a history of contact with cats but with no definite history of a scratch. Daniels and MacMurray in 1954 reported an analysis of 160 cases, and in 1955 Kalter and associates summarized 250 cases which had come under their observation. Both of these reports gave excellent descriptions of the clinical features of the illness and this paper has drawn heavily upon their observations. The primary feature of the clinical syndrome of cat scratch disease is lymphadenopathy which is usually regional and restricted to the drainage area of the site of the inoculation. Involvement of the lymph nodes of the upper extremity after inoculation on the hand or arm is most frequently observed. Cervical or inguinal involvement is not uncommon and occasionally generalized lymphadenopathy has been reported. The nodes are usually quite large, ranging up to several centimeters in diameter.

Monocytic Leukemia in a Horse

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Burkhardt ◽  
F. v. Saldern ◽  
B. Huskamp
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

On clinical examination, a six-year-old Hassian gray gelding with a history of impaired performance, slight cough, colic, and edema of the ventral abdomen, prepuce and the legs had reduced skin turgor, pale mucous membranes, forced costoabdominal breathing, reduced venous return, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis and a high percentage of monocytoid leukemic cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, hydrothorax, and a diffusely thickened gut wall were found at necropsy. Massive infiltration with monocytoid leukemic cells was detected in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, gut wall, kidneys, and choroid plexus. Incubation of living cells obtained from a leukocyte concentrate with latex particles revealed phagocytosis in the leukemic cells on light and electron microscopy. The leukemic cells also had a marked α-naphthyl-acetate and naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity, but were only weakly positive to naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase. A very weak alkaline phosphatase activity only was demonstrated in a few leukemic cells. On scanning electron microscopy, the leukemic cells had prominent ruffles and ridge-like profiles. These features of the leukemic cells excluded lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, and monocytic leukemia was diagnosed.

scholarly journals Superior Oblique Myokymia Presumed Due to Large Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Laura Donaldson ◽  
Brian van Adel ◽  
Amadeo R. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Primary Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Superior Oblique

A 26-year-old female presented with a complaint of intermittent oscillopsia and binocular vertical diplopia for the past 5 years. Over the past several months, she had noticed intermittent pulsatile tinnitus. She was otherwise healthy with no previous history of trauma and had no other visual or neurologic complaints. In Neuro-ophthalmology clinic, she was found to have 20/15 vision in both eyes with full ocular motility. There was a small exophoria in primary position and small esophoria in downgaze. Her slit lamp and fundus examinations were normal. During the assessment, the left eye was noted to undergo high-frequency, small amplitude incyclotorsional oscillations for a few seconds at a time (Video 1 in the supplementary material), which she was able to provoke by looking down. The diagnosis of superior oblique myokymia was made, and an MRI/MRA of the brain was requested.

Ocular non-teratoid medulloepithelioma with teratoid metastases in ipsilateral intraparotid lymph nodes

2019 ◽  
pp. 112067211987007
Author(s):  
Jayati Sarangi ◽  
Aanchal Kakkar ◽  
Diya Roy ◽  
Rishikesh Thakur ◽  
Chirom Amit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Extranodal Extension ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Parotid Neoplasm ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To describe a rare presentation of a case of intraocular non-teratoid medulloepithelioma with teratoid metastases in ipsilateral intraparotid lymph nodes. Case description: A 9-year-old male child with previous history of ciliary body non-teratoid medulloepithelioma presented with a swelling in the right pre-auricular region for 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed a right intraparotid mass with enlarged ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. A core biopsy was taken from the lesion, which on microscopy showed a tumor composed of small round cells arranged in cords, tubules lined by multilayered cells, and in cribriform pattern. These cells were embedded in a hypocellular, loose myxoid matrix. Based on the histopathological characteristics and previous history, a diagnosis of medulloepithelioma metastastic to ipsilateral parotid gland was made. The patient underwent right total conservative parotidectomy and bilateral neck dissection. Histopathological examination revealed metastatic medulloepithelioma in five out of eight intraparotid lymph nodes, with extranodal extension into the adjacent parotid parenchyma. Foci of hyaline cartilage were identified within the tumor, leading to a diagnosis of metastatic teratoid medulloepithelioma. Conclusion: Intraparotid lymph node metastases from intraocular medulloepithelioma is a rare possibility and we recommend that the parotid should be evaluated in cases of intraocular medulloepithelioma at initial presentation as well as during the follow-up period. Also, metastasis should be considered in all pediatric patients with solitary mass lesions showing unconventional histology for a primary parotid neoplasm.

scholarly journals Rett Syndrome in Males: The Different Clinical Course in Two Brothers with the Same Microduplication MECP2 Xq28

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
Maria Bernarda Pitzianti ◽  
Angelo Santamaria Palombo ◽  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Augusto Pasini
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Dominant Inheritance ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Inactivation Pattern ◽  
History Of

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a genetic basis that is associated with the mutation of the X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene in approximately 90% of patients. RTT is characterized by a brief period of normal development followed by loss of acquired skills and evolution towards impairment of brain and motor functions and multi-organ dysfunction. Originally, RTT was considered lethal in males as it has an X-linked dominant inheritance. However, although this syndrome has a higher incidence in females, rare cases are also documented in males. Here, we describe the case of an 11-year-old male patient with a microduplication MECP2 Xq28. Our patient is currently living, while his older brother with the same mutation died at the age of 9 years. We showed that the role of MECP2 as an epigenetic modulator and the X-chromosome inactivation pattern can explain the lethal clinical form of the older brother with the same microduplication MECP2 Xq28 presented by our patient who is still alive. Given the limited case history of RTT in males, further studies are needed to better characterize this syndrome in males and consequently improve the currently available therapeutic strategies.

Advances in Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain

Neurosurgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S50-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Rubin ◽  
Andrew Brunswick ◽  
Howard Riina ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Management Algorithms

Abstract Arteriovenous malformations of the brain are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality for patients who harbor them. Although our understanding of this disease has improved, it remains in evolution. Advances in our ability to treat these malformations and the modes by which we address them have also improved substantially. However, the variety of patient clinical and disease scenarios often leads us into challenging and complex management algorithms as we balance the risks of treatment against the natural history of the disease. The goal of this article is to provide a focused review of the natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, to examine the role of stereotactic radiosurgery, to discuss the role of endovascular therapy as it relates to stereotactic radiosurgery, and to look toward future advances.

The Brain Damage Hypothesis of the Seasonality of Births in Schizophrenia and Major Affective Disorders: Evidence from Computerised Tomography

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Sacchetti ◽  
Alessandro Calzeroni ◽  
Antonio Vita ◽  
Andrea Terzi ◽  
Franco Pollastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Although the excess of schizophrenic births in the winter and early spring has been replicated and some non-conclusive work supports the same seasonal birth trend in patients with major affective disorders, the aetiopathogenetic foundations of this phenomenon remain uncertain. The primary role of perinatal seasonal factors that predispose to the development of schizophrenia via induction of brain damage has been invoked, as has a tendency for patients to conceive during the spring and early summer. In order to test these two hypotheses, cerebral ventricular size and cortical atrophy in 206 schizophrenics and 107 patients with major affective disorders were assessed by CT and analysed in relation to month of birth. Compared with schizophrenics born during the remainder of the year, those born between December and April, particularly in cases lacking a family history of schizophrenia, showed increased chances for ventricular enlargement, but not for cortical atrophy. No association between season of birth and central or cortical atrophy was found for patients with major affective disorders. This suggests that the brain-damaging effect played by perinatal seasonal factors has both a disease and an anatomical specificity.

scholarly journals Neurons are the Primary Target Cell for the Brain-Tropic Intracellular Parasite Toxoplasma gondii

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e1005447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. Cabral ◽  
Shraddha Tuladhar ◽  
Hans K. Dietrich ◽  
Elizabeth Nguyen ◽  
Wes R. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
The Brain

Difference in Ratio of Evertor to Invertor Activity Between the Dominant and Nondominant Legs During Simulated Lateral Ankle Sprain

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Knight ◽  
Wendi H. Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Laboratory

Context:The dominant and nondominant legs respond asymmetrically during landing tasks, and this difference may occur during an inversion perturbation and provide insight into the role of ankle-evertor and -invertor muscle activity.Objective:To determine if there is a difference in the ratio of evertor to invertor activity between the dominant and nondominant legs and outer-sole conditions when the ankle is forced into inversion.Design:Repeated-measures single-group design.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:15 physically active healthy volunteers with no previous history of an ankle sprain or lower extremity surgery or fracture.Interventions:An outer sole with fulcrum was used to cause 25° of inversion at the subtalar joint after landing from a 27-cm step-down task. Participants performed 10 fulcrum trials on both the dominant and nondominant leg.Main Outcome Measures:The ratio of evertor to invertor muscle activity 200 ms before and 200 ms after the inversion perturbation was measured using electromyography. This ratio was the dependent variable. Independent variables included outer-sole condition (fulcrum, flat), leg (dominant, nondominant), and time (prelanding, postlanding). The data were analyzed with separate 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA, 1 for the prelanding ratios and 1 for the postlanding ratios.Results:For the postlanding ratios, the fulcrum outer sole had a significantly greater (P < .05) ratio than the flat outer sole, and the nondominant leg had a significantly greater (P < .05) ratio than the dominant leg.Conclusions:These results indicate that a greater evertor response is produced when the ankle is forced into inversion, and a greater response is produced for the nondominant leg, which may function better during a postural-stabilizing task than the dominant leg.

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