Pediatric Facial Fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel B. Lim ◽  
Richard A. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stable Reduction

AbstractFacial trauma is common in the pediatric population with most cases involving the soft tissue or dentoalveolar structures. Although facial fractures are relatively rare in children compared with adults, they are often associated with severe injury and can cause significant morbidity and disability. Fractures of the pediatric craniomaxillofacial skeleton must be managed with consideration for psychosocial, anatomical, growth and functional differences compared with the adult population. Although conservative management is more common in children, displaced fractures that will not self-correct with compensatory growth require accurate and stable reduction to prevent fixed abnormalities in form and function.

scholarly journals Surgery of the Palatomaxillary Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 071-076
Author(s):  
Ameya A. Jategaonkar ◽  
Vivian F. Kaul ◽  
Eric Lee ◽  
Eric M. Genden
Keyword(s):  
Free Tissue Transfer ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Defect Classification ◽  
Local Flaps ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Complex Defect ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe palatomaxillary structure plays critical roles in both form and function of the midface. Surgical defects of the palate and maxilla can be associated with significant morbidity and deformity. Various defect classification systems have been used to assist in reconstruction and rehabilitation. Reconstructive options include prosthetic rehabilitation, local flaps, and free tissue transfer. Here, we review the functional and surgical anatomy of the palatomaxillary complex, defect classification systems, and provide an overview of reconstructive options.

scholarly journals Sports-Related Pediatric Facial Trauma: Analysis of Facial Fracture Pattern and Concomitant Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. e146-e149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Dobitsch ◽  
Nicholas C. Oleck ◽  
Farrah C. Liu ◽  
Jordan N. Halsey ◽  
Ian C. Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Concomitant Injuries

Abstract Objective Sports-related injuries, such as facial fractures, are potentially debilitating and may lead to long-term functional and aesthetic deficits in a pediatric patient. In this study, we analyze sports-related facial fractures in the urban pediatric population in an effort to characterize patterns of injury and improve management strategies and outcomes. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed for all facial fractures resulting from sports injuries in the pediatric population at a level-1 trauma center (University Hospital, Newark, NJ). Results Seventeen pediatric patients were identified as having sustained a fracture of the facial skeleton due to sports injury. Mean age was 13.9 years old. A total of 29 fractures were identified. Most common fracture sites included the orbit (n = 12), mandible (n = 5), nasal bone (n = 5), and zygomaticomaxillary complex (n = 3). The most common concomitant injuries included skull fracture (n = 3), intracranial hemorrhage (n = 4), and traumatic brain injury (n = 4). One patient was intubated upon arrival to the emergency department. Hospital admission was required in 13 patients, 4 of which were admitted to an intensive care setting. Nine patients required operative intervention. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.4 days. No patients were expired. Conclusions Sports-related facial fractures are potentially debilitating injuries in the pediatric population. Analysis of fracture pattern and concomitant injuries is imperative to develop effective management strategies and prevention techniques.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Injuries in the Pediatric Patient: An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit B Singh ◽  
Jeevan V Prakash ◽  
SN Chaitan ◽  
Prakash S Tandur ◽  
Shilpa Kokate
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Maxillofacial Injury ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Craniofacial Trauma

ABSTRACT Children are uniquely susceptible to craniofacial trauma because of their greater cranial mass-to-body ratio. The pediatric population sustains 1 to 14.7% of all facial fractures. The majority of these injuries are encountered by boys (53.7-80%) who are involved in motor vehicle accidents (up to 80.2%). The incidence of other systemic injury concomitant to facial trauma is significant (10.4-88%). The management of the pediatric patient with maxillofacial injury should take into consideration, the differences in anatomy and physiology between children and adults, the presence of concomitant injury, the particular stage in growth and development (anatomic, physiologic and psychological), and the specific injuries and anatomic sites that the injuries affect. The greatest concern when treating the pediatric patient is the effect of the injury or treatment on growth and development. This is both anatomically and psychologically important and may have various effects on management for the different stages of psychological development.

The Reaction of a Civil - Religious Hierarchy to a Factory in Guatemala

1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manning Nash
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Endogamous Population ◽  
And Function ◽  
Textile Factory

In the Western Highlands of Guatemala is a series of local Indian communities, each with its own typical costume, its particular economic specialty, its nearly endogamous population, and its position in the rotating market system. The distinctive feature of these Indian social systems is a hierarchy of interrelated civil and religious offices that regulate the public and religious life of the community. The Quichespeaking village of Cantel in the Southwest Highlands, about six miles from Quezaltenango, has a 97 percent Indian population. The villagers still wear distinctive costumes and have a civil-religious hierarchy similar in form and function to that described by Wagley in Chimaltenango and by Tax for Panajachel. For more than 50 years, they have lived in peaceful coexistence with a modern textile factory that has continuously employed about one-fourth of the adult population. But in the last decade the hierarchy has undergone major changes as a result of the local factory workers' union acting as funnel to the community for the national political program of the 1944 revolution. In this article, the writer intends to describe how the factory adjusted to the civil-religious hierarchy for more than half a century, and how, over a period of 10 years, the political revolution as focused in Cantel through the union undermined the hierarchy.

Role of Free Tissue Transfer in Facial Trauma

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 584-589
Author(s):  
Roderick Y. Kim ◽  
Momofiyin Sokoya ◽  
Fayette C. Williams ◽  
Tom Shokri ◽  
Yadranko Ducic
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Free Tissue Transfer ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Head And Neck Reconstruction ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Tissue Transfer ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Dental Rehabilitation ◽  
And Function

AbstractFor large composite traumatic defects of the head and neck, free tissue transfer presents a reconstructive allowing for the reconstitution of both form and function. Furthermore, the ability to provide bulk, soft, and hard tissue, as well as immediate dental rehabilitation, makes free tissue transfer an efficient and attractive option for head and neck reconstruction. Herein, we discuss the utility of free tissue transfer in facial trauma, its problems, complications, and controversies.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Re-examining the form and function of superstition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Fluke ◽  
Russell J. Webster ◽  
Donald A. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function
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