Creating Healthy Workplaces in Challenging Times

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 171-173
Author(s):  
W. Kirsten ◽  
A. Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Healthy Workplace ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryRising exposure to chronic diseases and related risk factors have led to a notable increase in attributable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the last 25 years. This concerning trend has highlighted the need for additional efforts to address behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases. The workplace has proven to be an effective setting to mitigate and improve these risk factors and a growing number of employers worldwide are recognizing their role in advancing employee health and well-being. The question remains what constitutes a healthy workplace and successful programming, which produce positive outcomes for business and employees. The World Health Organization (WHO) Healthy Workplace Model for Action provides globally relevant guidance on how to create a healthy workplace via a continual improvement process.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: The Complexity of Host’s Effective Immune Response against a Polymorphic Parasitic Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áurea Gabriel ◽  
Ana Valério-Bolas ◽  
Joana Palma-Marques ◽  
Patrícia Mourata-Gonçalves ◽  
Pedro Ruas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Organization

This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive outline of the immune response displayed against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the more common zoonotic infection caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although of polymorphic clinical presentation, classically CL is characterized by leishmaniotic lesions on the face and extremities of the patients, which can be ulcerative, and even after healing can lead to permanent injuries and disfigurement, affecting significantly their psychological, social, and economic well-being. According a report released by the World Health Organization, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to leishmaniasis are close to 2.4 million, annually there are 1.0–1.5 million new cases of CL, and a numerous population is at risk in the endemic areas. Despite its increasing worldwide incidence, it is one of the so-called neglected tropical diseases. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the existing knowledge of the host innate and acquired immune response to cutaneous species of Leishmania. The use of animal models and of in vitro studies has improved the understanding of parasite-host interplay and the complexity of immune mechanisms involved. The importance of diagnosis accuracy associated with effective patient management in CL reduction is highlighted. However, the multiple factors involved in CL epizoology associated with the unavailability of vaccines or drugs to prevent infection make difficult to formulate an effective strategy for CL control.

scholarly journals 29.E. Workshop: Data analysis, advocacy activities, and actions to counteract the double burden of malnutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) represents a public health issue of gigantic proportion at global level. Among others, diet has been demonstrated to be a key element to maintain health and prevent NCDs. Today's world is facing the so-called “double burden of malnutrition”, characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition along with overweight, obesity or diet-related NCDs due to a substantial shift toward unhealthy diet high in sugars and ultra-processed foods and concomitant inadequate accessibility of nutritious foods. While interventions to improve diet quality and nutrition knowledge are of paramount importance in order to decrease the burden of NCDs over the next decades, the international policy framework should aim to develop evidence-based policy approaches to reduce such burden globally. In this context, the EUPHA Food and nutrition section, the EUPHA Chronic diseases section, the EUPHA Health promotion section, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), aim to propose a joint workshop to provide the latest updates from leading scientists and experts involved in global health research, with a special focus on NCDs, obesity and nutrition-related risk factors as well as ongoing interventions aimed to reduce the double burden of malnutrition. The objectives of the present workshop are the following: To quantify the global burden and temporal trends of NCDs risk factors; To assess the impact of nutrition-related risk factors on NCDs; To provide examples of advocacy activities and actions at global level to improve nutrition education and dietary behaviors; To promote translatable information at global level and drive implementation of knowledge into policy and practice. Organizing the present workshop would provide an important occasion for gathering experts in the field and sharing opinions with the audience in light of the presented results. Given the many actors involved, the workshop will provide a unique occasion to discuss about potential policy approaches in the context of the conference. Key messages There is science-based evidence demonstrating that healthy nutrition is a key factor to maintain global health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. Governmental and non-governmental efforts are currently working to counteract malnutrition worldwide.

Risk Factors for Development of Biliary Complications after Surgery for Solitary Liver Hydatid Cyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Surmelioglu ◽  
Ilter Ozer ◽  
Enver Reyhan ◽  
Tahsin Dalgic ◽  
Yilmaz Ozdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biliary Leakage ◽  
Liver Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Solitary Liver ◽  
Health Organization

Biliary leakage (BL) is the most common cause of postoperative morbidity after conservative liver hydatid cyst surgery. The objective of this study was to determine incidence of BL and related risk factors in patients with solitary liver hydatid cyst who underwent conservative surgery. A total of 186 patients were included in this study. Age, gender, cyst recurrence, diameter, and localization, World Health Organization Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) classification, cavity management techniques, cyst content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. Of these patients 104 were female and 82 were male. The mean age was 43.5 ± 14.7 years. Postoperative BL was detected in 36 (19.4%) patients. Cyst diameter (P = 0.019), cyst localization (P = 0.007), WHO-IWGE classification (P = 0.017), and ALP level (P = 0.001) were the most significant risk factors for BL. Independent risk factors for BL were perihilar localization, large cyst diameter, high ALP level, and advanced age according to WHO-IWGE classification.

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of Wireless Multigas Concentration Cloud System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chung Tien ◽  
Robert Lin ◽  
Tsung-Yu Lee ◽  
Ren-Guey Lee ◽  
Shu-Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Indoor Pollutants ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Installation Cost

According to the report “Global Health Risks of 2004” issued by WHO (World Health Organization) in Geneva 2009 (WHO, 2012), the mortality rate of the diseases and cause of death which results from the smoke produced by burning solid fuel is ranked tenth, occupying 3.3% of the global amounts, and the DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) is ranked the ninth, occupying 2.7% of the world. Once the pollution occurred in an insufficient ventilation location, the womankind and children will be the most directly affected; therefore, we hoped to focus the measurement environment on indoor surroundings in this paper. This paper proposes a pointing at several kinds of indoor pollutants and integrating multigas sensors, which includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide total volatile organic compounds, and so forth. Our paper combines gas sensors with WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) nodes; we provide users with optional monitoring subjects for constructing and also adapt ZigBee and Wi-Fi modules to get united with uploading real-time sensor messages. Moreover, for the reason of decreasing installation cost of sensors and setting up easily, this paper builds a cloud data-viewing platform additionally, enabling users to observe air quality through the cloud server everywhere.

scholarly journals The impact of immigration on tuberculosis and HIV burden between Colombia and Venezuela and across frontier regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Enrique Arenas-Suarez ◽  
Laura I. Cuervo ◽  
Edier F. Avila ◽  
Alejandro Duitama-Leal ◽  
Andrea Clemencia Pineda-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Historically, human migrations have determined the spread of many infectious diseases by promoting the emergence of temporal outbreaks between populations. We aimed to analyze health indicators, expenditure, and disability caused by tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS burden under the Colombian-Venezuelan migration flow focusing on the Northeastern border. A retrospective study was conducted using TB and HIV/AIDS data since 2009. We consolidated a database using official reports from the Colombian Surveillance System, World Health Organization, Indexmundi, the Global Health Observatory, IHME HIV atlas, and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Disability metrics regarding DALYs (disability adjusted life years) and YLDs (years lived with disability), were compared between countries. Mapping was performed on ArcGIS using official migration data of Venezuelan citizens. Our results indicate that TB profiles from Colombia and Venezuela are identical in terms of disease burden, except for an increase in TB incidence in the Colombian-Venezuelan border departments in recent years, concomitantly with the massive Venezuelan immigration since 2005. We identified a four-fold underfunding for the TB program in Venezuela, which might explain the low-testing rates for cases of multidrug-resistant TB (67%) and HIV/AIDS (60%), as well as extended hospital stays (150 days). We found a significant increase in DALYs of HIV/AIDS patients in Venezuela, specifically, 362.35 compared to 265.37 observed in Colombia during 2017. This study suggests that the Venezuelan massive migration and program underfunding might exacerbate the dual burden of TB and HIV in Colombia, especially towards the Colombian‐Venezuelan border.

Global evidence generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Adesola Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Evidence Generation

Disparities in the distribution of neurological and mental health disorders (NMHD) in different regions of the world can provide clues on the putative risk factors while providing basis for intervention strategies. This chapter utilizes the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) data and the disability adjusted life years (DALY) calculations in the different World Health Organization (WHO) regions to adduce reasons for the peculiarities observed. The focus is on the most common NMHD, particularly those for which preventive strategies are likely to result in improved health outcomes for the majority of those affected. In this regard, stroke, epilepsy, and depressive disorders have been given special attention because of their high societal impact and the extensive studies from different regions. Dementia deserves special mention in view of its looming epidemic in low and middle income countries (LMICs), while its burden is lessening in high income countries (HICs) due to appropriate interventions and higher education.

Viral alcoholic and fatty liver diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
Ehud Zigmond ◽  
Daniel Shouval
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, alcohol, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are major risk factors in the development of chronic liver disease (CLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Various estimates have been proposed regarding the global prevalence of HBV and HCV carriers. According to a recent Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators and the World Health Organization (WHO) burden estimates that 257 and 71 million people are living in the world with HBV and HCV infection, respectively, leading to an annual death from cirrhosis/liver failure and HCC of ~900,000 and ~400,000, respectively. Alcohol consumption, which is a major risk factor for CLD and HCC, is responsible for about 3.3 million deaths annually worldwide and for 5.1% of the global burden of disease as measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In recent years NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with the metabolic syndrome, have captured the attention of hepatologists, public health experts, and the pharma industry alike. Indeed, the incidence of NAFLD and NASH and its complications including cirrhosis and HCC, is rising to epidemic proportions in the Western population, and constitute a major health problem worldwide.

scholarly journals Therapeutic vaccines for chronic diseases: successes and technical challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1579) ◽  
pp. 2815-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Bachmann ◽  
Gary T. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Chronic, non-communicable diseases are the major cause of death and disability worldwide and have replaced infectious diseases as the major burden of society in large parts of the world. Despite the complexity of chronic diseases, relatively few predisposing risk factors have been identified by the World Health Organization. Those include smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure as the cause of many of these chronic conditions. Here, we discuss several examples of vaccines that target these risk factors with the aim of preventing the associated diseases and some of the challenges they face.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document