Quantification of Water Uptake by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Hyphae and its Significance for Leaf Growth, Water Relations, and Gas Exchange of Barley Subjected to Drought Stress

Plant Biology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalvati ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
A. Mozafar ◽  
U. Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Hyphae

Salinity and drought stress effects on foliar ion concentration, water relations, and photosynthetic characteristics of orchard citrus

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Syvertsen ◽  
J Lloyd ◽  
PE Kriedemann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Mature Leaves

Effects of salinity and drought stress on foliar ion concentration, water relations and net gas exchange were evaluated in mature Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) on Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. (Tri) or sweet orange (C. sinensis, Swt) rootstocks at Dareton on the Murray River in New South Wales. Trees had been irrigated with river water which averaged 4 mol m-3 chloride (Cl-) or with river water plus NaCl to produce 10, 14 or 20 mol m-3 Cl- during the previous 3 years. Chloride concentrations in leaves of trees on Tri were significantly higher than those on Swt rootstock. Foliar sodium (Na+) and Cl- concentrations increased and potassium (K+) concentrations decreased as leaves aged, especially under irrigation with 20 mol m-3 Cl-. Leaf osmotic potential was reduced as leaves matured and also by high salinity so that reductions in leaf water potential were offset. Mature leaves had a lower stomatal conductances and higher water use efficiency than young leaves. After 2 months of withholding irrigation water, leaves of low salinity trees on Tri rootstock had higher rates of net gas exchange than those on Swt rootstock, indicating rootstock-affected drought tolerance. Previous treatment with 20 mol m-3 Cl- lowered leaf area index of all trees by more than 50%, and resulted in greater reserves of soil moisture under partially defoliated trees after the drought treatment. This was reflected in more rapid evening recovery of leaf water potential and less severe reductions in net gas exchange after drought treatment in high salinity trees on Swt rootstock. High salinity plus drought stress increased Na+ content of leaves on Swt, but not on Tri rootstocks. Drought stress had no additive effect, with high salinity on osmotic potential of mature leaves. Thus, the salinity-induced reduction in leaf area appeared to be independent of the Cl- exclusion capability of the rootstock and decreased the effects of subsequent drought stress on leaf water relations and net gas exchange.

scholarly journals Drought Response of Young Apple Trees on Three Rootstocks. II. Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Water Relations, and Leaf Abscisic Acid

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thomas Fernandez ◽  
Ronald L. Perry ◽  
James A. Flore
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

`Imperial Gala' apple trees (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) on M.9 EMLA, MM.111, and Mark rootstocks were subjected to two drought-stress and recovery periods in a rainshelter. Water relations, gas-exchange parameters per unit leaf area and per tree, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf abscisic acid content were determined during each stress and recovery period. Whole-plant calculated gas exchange best indicated plant response to drought stress, with consistent reductions in CO2 assimilation, transpiration, and leaf conductance. Variable and maximal chlorophyll fluorescence and fluorescence quenching were not as sensitive to stress. Other fluorescence parameters showed little difference. The most consistent decreases due to stress for gas exchange per square meter were in transpiration and leaf conductance, with few differences in CO2 assimilation and fewer for mesophyll conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and water-use efficiency. Leaf water potential was consistently lower during drought stress and returned to control values upon irrigation. Leaf abscisic acid content was higher for drought-stressed trees on M.9 EMLA than control trees during the stress periods but inconsistently different for the other rootstock treatments. Trees on M.9 EMLA were least affected by drought stress, MM.111 was intermediate, and Mark was the most sensitive; these results are consistent with the growth data.

Improving Water Relations and Gas Exchange with Brassinosteroids in Rice under Drought Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farooq ◽  
A. Wahid ◽  
S. M. A. Basra ◽  
Islam-ud-Din
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations

scholarly journals Genotypic Variation in Abscisic Acid Accumulation, Water Relations, and Gas Exchange for Kentucky Bluegrass Exposed to Drought Stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolong Wang ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Aba Content

Drought is a major limiting factor for turfgrass growth. Understanding genetic variations in physiological responses of turfgrass to drought stress would facilitate breeding and management programs to improve drought resistance. This study was designed to evaluate responses of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, water relations, and gas exchange to drought stress in four Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars differing in drought resistance. Plants of `Midnight' and `A82-204' (drought resistant) and `Brilliant' and `RSP' (drought susceptible) were grown under well-watered (control) or drought stress conditions for 25 days in growth chambers. Turf quality, leaf water potential (Ψleaf), relative water content (RWC), leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (gs) declined, while electrolyte leakage (EL) increased during drought progression in all cultivars. The magnitudes of the change in these parameters were greater for `RSP' and `Brilliant' than for `Midnight' and `A82-204'. Leaf ABA content in `RSP' and `Brilliant' increased sharply after 2 days of stress to as much as 34 times the control level at 10 days of drought. Leaf ABA content in `Midnight' and `A82-204' also increased with drought, but to a lesser extent than in the other two cultivars. Leaf ABA level was negatively correlated with Ψleaf and gs. `A82-204' had a significantly lower ABA accumulation rate with changes in Ψleaf during drought compared to `Midnight', `RSP' and `Brilliant'; however, no differences in ABA accumulation rate were detected among the latter three cultivars. In addition, leaf gs was more sensitive to changes in ABA accumulation in `Midnight' and `A82-204' than in `RSP' and `Brilliant'. These results demonstrated that drought tolerant cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass were characterized by lower ABA accumulation and less severe decline in Ψleaf, Pn, gs, and turf quality during drought stress than drought sensitive cultivars. Drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass could be related to sensitivity of stomata to endogenous accumulation of ABA under drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on gas exchange characteristics of four soybean genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chowdhury ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
AU Ahmed ◽  
MSA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

An experiment was conducted in a venylhouse at the environmental stress site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during September to December 2012 to determine the changes of photosynthesis and some related traits under drought stress in soybean genotypes. Four studied genotypes viz. Shohag, BARI Soybean 6 and BD2331 (relatively stress tolerant) and BGM2026 (susceptible) were tested against two water regimes such as water stress and non-stress. Results indicated that gas exchange characteristics were positively correlated with plant growth. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance showed more reduction in susceptible genotypes than the tolerant ones. Transpiration rate was found minimal in tolerant genotypes. Changes in leaf growth attributes of the four selected genotypes were compared under drought (water) stress conditions which is one of the major plant parts related to gas exchange. Generally, drought stress decreased the leaf area more in susceptible genotype than tolerant genotype. From the result, genotype BGM2026 which recorded the lowest photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf area but highest transpiration rate was considered as drought susceptible whereas BARI Soybean-6, Shohag and BD2331 were more drought stress tolerant which have better mechanisms of drought tolerance.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 195-205, June 2016

scholarly journals Leaf Water Relations and Net Gas Exchange Responses of Salinized Carrizo Citrange Seedlings during Drought Stress and Recovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Pérez-Pérez ◽  
J. P. Syvertsen ◽  
P. Botía ◽  
F. García-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Carrizo Citrange
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