scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on gas exchange characteristics of four soybean genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chowdhury ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
AU Ahmed ◽  
MSA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

An experiment was conducted in a venylhouse at the environmental stress site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during September to December 2012 to determine the changes of photosynthesis and some related traits under drought stress in soybean genotypes. Four studied genotypes viz. Shohag, BARI Soybean 6 and BD2331 (relatively stress tolerant) and BGM2026 (susceptible) were tested against two water regimes such as water stress and non-stress. Results indicated that gas exchange characteristics were positively correlated with plant growth. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance showed more reduction in susceptible genotypes than the tolerant ones. Transpiration rate was found minimal in tolerant genotypes. Changes in leaf growth attributes of the four selected genotypes were compared under drought (water) stress conditions which is one of the major plant parts related to gas exchange. Generally, drought stress decreased the leaf area more in susceptible genotype than tolerant genotype. From the result, genotype BGM2026 which recorded the lowest photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf area but highest transpiration rate was considered as drought susceptible whereas BARI Soybean-6, Shohag and BD2331 were more drought stress tolerant which have better mechanisms of drought tolerance.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 195-205, June 2016

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and putrescine content as drought stress indicators in corn cultivars fertilized with silicon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1252-1258
Author(s):  
Hudson Carvalho Bianchini ◽  
Douglas Jose Marques
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Negative Impacts

The effects of drought stress on maize have been extensively reported in tropical and subtropical areas, including morphological changes in plants and reductions in the grain yield. The development of sustainable alternatives that help mitigate the negative impacts of water stress is indispensable for the development of agricultural crops. This study evaluates the effect of silicon fertilization in two irrigation blades, on gas exchange, putrescine content, quantification of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe by neutron activation and grain yield in two maize cultivars, tolerant and sensitive to drought stress. Two experiments were conducted, the first using BR-1010 (sensitive to drought stress) and the second using DKB-390 (tolerant to drought stress), in 19 dm-3 pots with one plant in each pot. The experiment was organized in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, combining two irrigation blades (30 percent and 100 percent of necessary water replacement) and two silicon conditions per pots: control (-Si), and 27g Si (+Si) using calcium silicate (10.5 percent Si) with four replicates. The contents of putrescine, Ca, K, Zn, and Fe, as well as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic contents were quantified. Maize yield was measured at the end of the study. It was concluded that supplementation with Si contributes to a 12 percent increase in yield for BR-1010 (drought sensitive) and 14 percent for DKB-390 (drought tolerant). Si increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance in DKB-390. The content of putrescine increased in plants submitted to drought stress and can be considered as an indicator of drought stress. The leaf contents of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe varied according to the cultivars and water blade studied.

Effects of water stress on the physiological growth indices on performance of soybean genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Mustapha Yunusa ◽  
Alhassan Ibraheem ◽  
Manu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Factorial Trial ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
The University

Pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy Crop Pavilion of the University of Ilorin, Ilorinto assess the effects of water stress at different growth stages on the physiological parameters of soybean genotypes. Six soybean genotypes (TGX 536-02D, TGX 1830-2DE, TGX 1019-2EN, TGX 1740-2F, TGX 1485-1D and TGX 1817-12E) were subjected to water stress at three growth stages (vegetative, flowering and post-flowering stages) with a well-watered control. The experiment was designed as a factorial trial and laid out in split- plot arrangements. Morphological growth characters such as number of leaves, leaf area, branching and dry matter production were measured during growth which were used to determine physiological growth indices.Results show that crop growth rate (CGR), relative leaf growth rate (RLGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio measured at vegetative growth were significantly reduced by water stress occurring at the vegetative stage.Amongst the investigated genotypes TGX 536-02D was the most tolerant while 1485-1D was the least tolerant genotypes.

Stomatal conductance and growth of five Alnusglutinosa clones in response to controlled water stress

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Hennessey ◽  
E. M. Lorenzi ◽  
R. W. McNew
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Progressive Water Stress

An experiment to quantify the response of unnodulated, fertilized European black alder (Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) seedlings to progressive water stress showed contrasting drought tolerance among five clones, using stomatal conductance, leaf area, and height as indices of drought sensitivity. In particular, one rapidly growing clone (AG 8022-14) showed the ability to moderate changes in water stress more efficiently than the more slowly growing clones. After 30 days of moderate levels of water stress, clones that had higher stomatal conductance also had greater leaf area and height growth. Leaf area and height were both sensitive to plant water status, although no threshold of stress associated with a cessation of leaf area or height expansion was found even though stomatal conductance decreased to 0.05 cm s−1 under severe water stress.

scholarly journals Exploration of physiological and biochemical processes of canola with exogenously applied fertilizers and plant growth regulators under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260960
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahran Aslam ◽  
Fozia Farhat ◽  
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui ◽  
Shafquat Yasmeen ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Contents

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regimes (60, 100, 120, 150 mm evaporations). Water stress enhanced peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents as well as leaf temperature while substantially reduced leaf water contents (21%), stomatal conductance (50%), chlorophyll contents (10–67%), membrane stability index (24%) and grain yield (30%) of canola. However, the combined application of NPK and PGR further increased the enzymatic antioxidant pool, soluble sugars, along with recovery of leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and membrane stability index but decreased the proline contents and leaf temperature at different rate of evaporation. There is positive interaction of applied elicitors to the water stress in canola except leaf area. The outcomes depicted that the combination of NPK with PGRs improved the various morpho-physiological as well as biochemical parameters and reduced the pressure of chemical fertilizers cost about 60%. It had also reduced the deleterious effect of water limitation on the physiology and grain yield and oil contents of canola in field experiments.

scholarly journals Growth and gas exchange of corn under salt stress and nitrogen doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Henderson C. Sousa ◽  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Carla I. N. Lessa ◽  
Antonio F. da S. Lima ◽  
Rute M. R. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT The excess of salts can affect several processes in the crops, and nitrogen (N) can attenuate the depressive effect of salinity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on the growth and gas exchange of corn crop irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (supply water of 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution of 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen doses, 0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose respectively, with six repetitions. At 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Saline stress affects plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 provide greater performance in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The use of low salinity water and doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 were more efficient in terms of plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 45 DAS. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 of N attenuates the harmful effects of salts in AG 1051 hybrid maize plants, providing higher values of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance at 45 DAS when irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Influence of Irrigation Regime on Water Relations, Gas Exchange, and Growth of Two Field-grown Redbud Varieties in a Semiarid Climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Fox ◽  
Amber Bates ◽  
Thayne Montague
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Irrigation Volume

For three growing seasons (2003–2005) two newly planted, field-grown redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) varieties were subjected to three reference evapotranspiration (ETo)-based irrigation regimes (100, 66, and 33% ETo). Over this time period, water relations (pre-dawn leaf water potential), gas exchange (mid-day stomatal conductance), and growth data (trunk cross sectional area increase, tree leaf area, and shoot elongation) were measured. Pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψl) was more negative for trees receiving the least amount of irrigation, and for Mexican redbud [C. canadensis var. mexicana (Rose) M. Hopkins] trees. However, mid-day stomatal conductance (gs) was similar for Texas redbud (C. canadensis var. texensis S. Watson) trees across the three irrigation regimes, and was highest for Mexican redbud trees receiving the greatest amount of irrigation volume. Growth varied by variety and irrigation regime. Trunk cross sectional area increase was greatest for Mexican redbud trees, leaf area was highest for trees receiving the greatest amount of irrigation, and shoot elongation was greatest for trees receiving the 66% ETo irrigation regime. However, despite differing irrigation volumes, greatest gas exchange and growth was not necessarily associated with greatest irrigation volume. When considering conservation of precious water resources, these redbud varieties maintain adequate growth and appearance under reduced irrigation.

The transcription factor ZmNAC49 reduces stomatal density and improves drought tolerance in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Xiujuan Sun ◽  
Xiangli Bian ◽  
Tianhui Wei ◽  
Tong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Growth Development

Abstract Drought stress severely limits the growth, development, and productivity of crops, and therefore understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to drought is crucial. In this study, we cloned a maize NAC transcription factor, ZmNAC49, and identified its function in response to drought stress. We found that ZmNAC49 is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. ZmNAC49 expression is rapidly and strongly induced by drought stress, and overexpression enhances stress tolerance in maize. Overexpression also significant decreases the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and stomatal density in maize. Detailed study showed that ZmNAC49 overexpression affects the expression of genes related to stomatal development, namely ZmTMM, ZmSDD1, ZmMUTE, and ZmFAMA. In addition, we found that ZmNAC49 can directly bind to the promoter of ZmMUTE and suppress its expression. Taken together, our results show that the transcription factor ZmNAC49 represses ZmMUTE expression, reduces stomatal density, and thereby enhances drought tolerance in maize.

scholarly journals Differential responses between mature and young leaves of sunflower plants to oxidative stress caused by water deficit

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Cechin ◽  
Natália Corniani ◽  
Terezinha de Fátima Fumis ◽  
Ana Catarina Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

The effects of water stress and rehydration on leaf gas exchange characteristics along with changes in lipid peroxidation and pirogalol peroxidase (PG-POD) were studied in mature and in young leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which were grown in a greenhouse. Water stress reduced photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g s), and transpiration (E) in both young and mature leaves. However, the amplitude of the reduction was dependent on leaf age. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased in mature leaves but it was not altered in young leaves. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) in mature stressed leaves was reduced when compared to control leaves while in young stressed leaves it was maintained to the same level as the control. After 24h of rehydration, most of the parameters related to gas exchange recovered to the same level as the unstressed plants except gs and E in mature leaves. Water stress did not activated PG-POD independently of leaf age. However, after rehydration the enzyme activity was increased in mature leaves and remained to the same as the control in young leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased by water stress in both mature and young leaves. The results suggest that young leaves are more susceptible to water stress in terms of gas exchange characteristics than mature leaves although both went through oxidative estresse.

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