Involuntary Movement Disorder Caused by Methyldopa

1972 ◽  
Vol 286 (11) ◽  
pp. 610-610 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Involuntary Movement

The physical features of Huntington’s disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Oliver Quarrell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Balance Weight ◽  
Physical Features

This chapter focuses mainly on the movement disorder, speech, balance, weight loss, swallowing, and speech. Chorea or purposeless involuntary movement is most commonly associated with HD. A patient may have a mixture of movement problems such as dystonia (abnormal posture), and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). The pattern of movement disorder may vary between people but frequently the dystonia and bradykinesia become more prominent as the disease progresses. As this happens more professionals may become involved in the care. It is important for the carer(s) to also take care of themselves.

Tremors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Fasano ◽  
Günther Deuschl
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Parkinsonian Tremor ◽  
Dystonic Tremor ◽  
Physiologic Tremor ◽  
Disease Definition ◽  
Holmes Tremor

Tremor is the most common movement disorder and denotes a rhythmic and involuntary movement of one or several regions of the body. This review covers disease definition, essential tremor, enhanced physiologic tremor, parkinsonian tremor, dystonic tremor, orthostatic tremor, cerebellar tremor, Holmes tremor, neuropathic tremor, palatal tremor, drug-induced and toxic tremors, functional tremor, rare tremor syndromes, tremorlike conditions, and treatment of tremor. Figures show action tremor assessment, the central nervous system circuits of tremor, magnetic resonance imaging findings in specific tremor conditions, general management of tremor patients, an algorithm for the treatment of parkinsonian tremor, and an algorithm for the treatment of dystonic tremor and primary writing tremor. Tables list types of tremor according to the condition of activation, tremor conditions in newborns and during childhood, clinical features of the most common tremor syndromes, motor signs other than tremor and nonmotor features of essential tremor patients, Movement Disorder Society consensus criteria for the diagnosis of essential tremor, genetic and environmental causes of essential tremor, causes of enhanced physiologic tremor, drugs and toxins known to cause tremor, paroxysmal tremors, pseudorhythmic myoclonus in the differential diagnosis of tremor, and pharmacologic management of essential tremor. Key words: essential tremor, movement disorder, pathologic tremor, physiologic tremor, tremor This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 7 videos, 11 tables, and 163 references.

scholarly journals A state hospital survey of movement disorders including intention tremor

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S236-S237
Author(s):  
Nigel Bark ◽  
Sung-Ai Kim ◽  
George Eapen
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Intention Tremor ◽  
State Hospitals ◽  
Brain Localization ◽  
The Difference

AimsIn a survey of movement disorders in patients in a State Hospital the finger-nose test was included because of increasing interest in the cerebellum in schizophrenia. It was expected that this would reflect the pathobiology of schizophrenia and be unrelated to the type of medication.BackgroundAbnormalities of movement and involuntary movements have gone from being considered part of schizophrenia to side-effects of medication to now demonstrably present in those who have never taken anti-psychotic medication. Soft neurological signs (SNS) are increased in schizophrenia, unrelated to medication, considered not to indicate brain localization, yet often include the finger-nose test which localizes to the cerebellum.MethodAll available patients in a State Hospital were examined for movement disorders. They were rated on the following scales: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for Tardive Dyskinesia (TD), Simpson-Angus Neurological Rating Scale for Parkinsonism (SANRS), Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), a Dystonia scale and the finger-nose test.Result250 patients were included, 174 were examined or observed for movement disorder: 120 had no missing data, 54 refused part of the exam. Their mean age was 47, 62% male, 53% black, 26% Hispanic, 17% white.Medication: First Generation Antipsychotic (FGA) 35 (mean CPZ equivalent dose:1177mg), Second Generation Antipsychotic (SGA) 159 (734mg), both FGA and SGA 56 (1907mg), no antipsychotic 3; anticholinergic or amantidine: FGA 57%, SGA 16%, both FGA and SGA: 50%.Tardive Dyskinesia: all 23%, FGA 36%, SGA 25%, both 7%Parkinsonism: all 38%, FGA 43%, SGA 33%, both 34%Akathisia: all 3%, FGA 0%, SGA 4%, both 3%Pseudo-akathisia: FGA 11%, SGA 4%, both13%Dystonia: all 10%, FGA 13%, SGA 11%, both 8%Intention Tremor: all 16%, FGA 0%, SGA 21%, both 16%Half of those with Intention Tremor had Parkinsonism, a third had TD and a half were on anti-Parkinson medication.None of these differences were statistically significant at p = 0.05 though intention tremor did show a trend (p = 0.08). The difference between FGA and SGA only became significant when all movement disorders were added together with those on anticholinergics with no movement disorder.When compared with rates in similar State Hospitals in the 1970s tardive dyskinesia was now half the rate and Parkinsonism about the same.ConclusionOverall rates of movement disorder are not very different between FGA and SGA. The surprise was that intention tremor only occurred with SGAs. Why?

scholarly journals Anti-LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis Mimicking Jumping Stump Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Min-Hee Woo ◽  
Jung-Won Choi ◽  
Darda Chung ◽  
Jung-Won Shin
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
History Of

Jumping stump syndrome is considered to be a peripherally induced movement disorder due to damage to peripheral nerves leading to dystonia or myoclonus. Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody (anti-LGI 1 Ab) encephalitis is clinically characterized with progressive cognitive dysfunction and seizure including facial brachial dystonic seizure. We report a case of a woman with a history of intractable involuntary movement on amputated forearm diagnosed as anti-LGI 1 Ab encephalitis, mimicking symptoms of jumping stump syndrome.

scholarly journals Transient involuntary movement disorder after spinal anesthesia: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 7917-7922
Author(s):  
Giyoung Yun ◽  
Eunsoo Kim ◽  
Wangseok Do ◽  
Young-Hoon Jung ◽  
Hyun-Ju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Involuntary Movement

Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Morris Kinast ◽  
Gerald Erenberg ◽  
A. David Rothner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Anticonvulsant Therapy ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Familial Cases

Paroxysmal choreoathetosis is a rare, involuntary movement disorder. Attacks occur spontaneously or may be induced by movement, startle, or anxiety. The movements are tonic, dystonic, or choreoathetotic. Sporadic and, more commonly, familial cases have been reported. Onset occurs most often during childhood, and the course is nonprogressive. Response to anticonvulsant therapy is usually excellent. Five cases of the sporadic form of paroxysmal choreoathetosis are reported. Three of the five patients had attacks after initiation of movements such as rising from a chair. Results of physical examination were normal in four patients. One child had mild hemiatrophy and unilateral hyper-reflexia. Results of laboratory studies, including determinations of serum calcium and ceruloplasmin levels, EEGs, and CAT scans of the head, were normal. The attacks ceased in all patients after treatment with either phenytoin or carbamazepine.

A Rapidly Progressive Movement Disorder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Fox ◽  
Marina Picillo
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Yearly Change ◽  
Iatrogenic Transmission ◽  
Rare Group

Prion diseases are a rare group of transmissible and untreatable encephalopathies that ultimately result in death after a short and rapidly progressive illness. The clinical features are variable but share a mix of cortical and subcortical features and a tendency for worsening at a speed that is typically faster than the monthly or yearly change seen in degenerative forms of dementia. Movement disorders represent a prominent feature of prion diseases and include cerebellar and extrapyramidal symptoms. Myoclonus is by far the most common involuntary movement in prion diseases. An awareness of the diagnosis is important to avoid the risk of iatrogenic transmission and to allow a discussion about prognosis with family and relatives.

scholarly journals Failure to recognise tardive dyskinesia in the long stay population

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 725-726
Author(s):  
Robertson Macpherson ◽  
Rachel Collis
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Involuntary Movement

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder associated with long term neuroleptic exposure. Gerlach & Casey (1988) reported a 15% prevalence rate of TD among patients on neuroleptics, the rate increasing to 54% in patients over 60 years old.

scholarly journals Deep brain stimulation reduces (nocturnal) dyskinetic exacerbations in patients with ADCY5 mutation: a case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 (12) ◽  
pp. 3624-3631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa de Almeida Marcelino ◽  
Tina Mainka ◽  
Patricia Krause ◽  
Werner Poewe ◽  
Christos Ganos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractMutations in the ADCY5 gene can cause a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder. Episodic exacerbations of dyskinesia are a particularly disturbing symptom as they occur predominantly during night and interrupt sleep. We present the clinical short- and long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in three patients with a confirmed pathogenic ADCY5 mutation. Patients were implanted with bilateral pallidal DBS at the age of 34, 20 and 13 years. Medical records were reviewed for clinical history. Pre- and postoperative video files were assessed using the “Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale” (AIMS) as well as the motor part of the “Burke Fahn Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale” (BFMDRS). All patients reported subjective general improvement ranging from 40 to 60%, especially the reduction of nocturnal episodic dyskinesias (80–90%). Objective scales revealed only a mild decrease of involuntary movements in all and reduced dystonia in one patient. DBS-induced effects were sustained up to 13 years after implantation. We demonstrate that treatment with pallidal DBS was effective in reducing nocturnal dyskinetic exacerbations in patients with ADCY5-related movement disorder, which was sustained over the long term.

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