The Dynamics of Paulista Urban Institutions in the 1930s

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-81
Author(s):  
Cristina Peixoto-Mehrtens
Keyword(s):  
Urban Institutions

scholarly journals Jesuits in Spanish America before the Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-108
Author(s):  
Robert H. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Urban Institutions

Abstract From the late sixteenth century until their expulsion in 1767, members of the Society of Jesus played an important role in the urban life of Spanish America and as administrators of frontier missions. This study examines the organization of the Society of Jesus in Spanish America in large provinces, as well as the different urban institutions such as colegios and frontier missions. It outlines the spiritual and educational activities in cities. The Jesuits supported the royal initiative to evangelize indigenous populations on the frontiers, and particularly the outcomes that did not always conform to expectations. One reason for this was the effects of diseases such as smallpox on the indigenous populations. Finally, it examines the 1767 expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories. Some died before leaving the Americas or at sea. The majority reached Spain and were later shipped to exile in the Papal States.

scholarly journals Higher Education’s Role in the Support of Diverse and Ever-Changing New American Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Conway-Turner
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
New Members ◽  
Social Success ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

Urban institutions are typically located in diverse and vibrant cities. This diversity has changed over the decades, thus requiring campuses to address the complexity that is seen as these new American cities evolve. In this article the city of Buffalo is discussed as a city that manifests a continuous change in population diversity with a significant increase in the immigrant and refugee populations. The ways that Buffalo State College has evolved its outreach to support immigrants, refugees, and new Americans is discussed, approaches that include ways to support entry and success within the city school systems, support for families and adults learning the English language and preparing for citizenship exams, convening and support to navigate their new location, and assistance in business efforts. Extensions of the mission of urban institutions to support these new members of city communities allows campuses to participate fully in addressing the needs of this important segment of our cities. Immigrant and refugee families add to the vibrancy and economic success of our communities and facilitating their adjustment, integration, and success within our cities not only provides needed support for new American families, but adds to the current and future economic and social success of the community where they now call home. This is an important aspect of the urban anchor mission.

scholarly journals On The Sustainability Of Urban Institutional Dynamics: Capitalization, Decentralization, And The Case Of Two Alpine Cities

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Marco Church ◽  
Nicolas Maisetti
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Institutional Dimension ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization ◽  
Do So

The focus of this article is on the institutional dimension of urban dynamics, particularly on the twin processes of capitalization – defined as the transformation of a place into a capital city – and decentralization. We observe that they co-exist in several urban contexts. A study was conducted addressing the inherent level of sustainability for each configuration produced by the dynamics. This hypothesis was tested by performing a mental experiment to assess the consequences of the prevalence of one dynamic over the other. To do so, a case study was undertaken on two Italian Alpine cities – Turin and Bolzano – in order to empirically ground the experiment and compare the two conceptual models. From our analysis, both extreme centralization and decentralization seem unsustainable. The broader policy implications are clear: urban institutions must seek to control these processes by avoiding the extremes and mitigating their impacts.

Transdisciplinary Design of Adaptation Pathways in Peri-urban India: Planning for Water Needs in a Sustainable Urban Transition 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharlene L. Gomes ◽  
Sarah Luft ◽  
Shreya Chakraborty ◽  
Leon M. Hermans ◽  
Carsten Butsch
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Urban Institutions

<p>This research, conducted within the H2O-T2S project, is located in peri-urban areas of three cities in India: Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata. Peri-urban areas are where the rural to urban transition is most visible. A key challenge for peri-urban areas is sustainable management of water resources. Peri-urban water resources in India are under threat from growing water demand and ineffective institutions. Interdisciplinary research of existing water-based livelihoods, household water use, and peri-urban institutions in these three regions shows that current urban transformations are unsustainable. Given the dynamic nature of peri-urban contexts, short and long-term vulnerabilities must be considered. An adaptation policy pathways approach can help peri-urban actors develop longer-term transformative plans. This study describes the design and execution of a participatory process to design context-specific pathways with peri-urban communities and governments in India.</p><p>This presentation outlines the key steps in our customized pathways approach for the peri-urban context. Due to the covid-19 pandemic, initial plans to implement these steps through a series of stakeholder workshops were replaced by remote pathways design using the Delphi method. We present a step-by-step methodology to engage peri-urban actors in the design of longer-term adaptive plans for water resources in the future. Results are presented for Hadia village (Kolkata), one of the three peri-urban case studies. It reveals the range of future normative scenarios developed for this village and a pathways schematic towards these scenarios.</p><p>Our results demonstrate the value of engaging local actors in the design of adaptive plans for peri-urban water resources. This study offers insights for ways to conduct transdisciplinary research even when face to face interactions are not feasible.</p>

scholarly journals Analyzing academic mobility of U.S. professors based on ORCID data and the Carnegie Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1451-1467
Author(s):  
Erija Yan ◽  
Yongjun Zhu ◽  
Jiangen He
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Carnegie Classification ◽  
Research Intensity ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Urban Institutions

This paper uses two open science data sources—ORCID and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (CCIHE)—to identify tenure-track and tenured professors in the United States who have changed academic affiliations. Through a series of data cleaning and processing actions, 5,938 professors met the selection criteria of professorship and mobility. Using ORCID professor profiles and the Carnegie Classification, this paper reveals patterns of academic mobility in the United States from the aspects of institution types, locations, regions, funding mechanisms of institutions, and professors’ genders. We find that professors tended to move to institutions with higher research intensity, such as those with an R1 or R2 designation in the Carnegie Classification. They also tend to move from rural institutions to urban institutions. Additionally, this paper finds that female professors are more likely to move within the same geographic region than male professors and that when they move from a less research-intensive institution to a more research-intensive one, female professors are less likely to retain their rank or attain promotion.

The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Eisinger
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
System A ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
American Cities

This paper is an exploration of various political environmental conditions associated with the incidence of political protest activities directed toward urban institutions, agencies, and officials in 43 American cities.Two preliminary questions are considered first. One deals with making explicit the theoretical linkage between elements in the political environment and political behavior. The other is an attempt to define protest technically and to differentiate it from political violence. This effort is made necessary by the facts that violence and protest are not treated in the literature as distinct forms of behavior (but rather as similar acts at different points on a continuum of aggressiveness) and that studies of collective violence in American ghettos indicate no relation between environment and rioting.Two alternative hypotheses are considered: protest varies negatively with indicators of an open political system (a linear model) and protest is greatest in systems characterized by a mix of open and closed factors (a curvilinear model). Data are drawn from newspaper accounts of protest incidents in 43 cities over a six month period in 1968, producing a sample of 120 protest incidents.Both the simple incidence of protest and the intensity of protest seem to fit the curvilinear model more closely than the linear one. The incidence of protest, then, seems to signify change not only among previously quiescent or conventionally oriented groups but also in the political system itself as it becomes more open and responsive.

News Capital

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Wallace
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Old World ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Newspaper Industry ◽  
Penny Press ◽  
New City ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
The City

This chapter examines the first two papers of the penny press of the 1830s, the New York Sun and the New York Herald, through their transition from tiny four-sheet bulletins printed out of cramped rookeries to important urban institutions with increasingly immodest architectural ambitions, giving new city inhabitants signposts on the landscape that recalled both a recognizable old world and reassurances of the new. The city and the newspapers shared a common set of values—industrial capitalism, specialization of labor, geographic concentration, and an intricate and specialized economic structure—that materialized in the form that media architecture began to adopt. The parallel development of the city and the newspaper industry shows their forms coming to mirror each other in the segmentation of neighborhoods and news sections.

Villa de Branciforte: Innovation and Adaptation on the Frontier

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Daniel Garr
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
Military Enterprise

Conceived in trepidation, plagued by ineptitude, and ultimately relegated to obscurity, the Villa de Branciforte marked the last Spanish colonial town to be founded in California, or for that matter, in the Americas. A hybrid of civilian and military enterprise, Branciforte was envisioned as California's grandest town only to become instead an early casualty of incompetence and Madrid's depleted exchequer. Yet, despite its misfortunes, the Villa was within a venerable and generally successful tradition of frontier endeavor. In certain instances, the resources of Spain's distinct urban institutions of settlement and pacification—the presidio, pueblo and mission—were joined in varying combinations to meet the demands of extraordinary circumstance. If the Villa de Branciforte failed in its assignment, it was primarily for want of sagacity.

Urban (re-) organization in Late Roman Palestine and the early Rabbinic guild: The Tosefta on the city and classification of space

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 421-445
Author(s):  
Jack N. Lightstone
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
The City ◽  
Roman Palestine ◽  
Late Roman

Over the latter half of the 2nd century and into the 3rd century, urban institutions and administration figured ever more prominently in the organization and governance of Roman Palestine. In this context, the consolidation of the earliest guild of rabbinic masters took hold, and their Mishnah and its supplement, Tosefta, were composed. When compared with correlative passages in the more utopic Mishnah, traditions in Tosefta show decidedly greater interest in the urban setting and its constituent institutions as the territory for meaningful, ordered, human activity. Tosefta superimposes over Mishnah's utopic mapping of a world centred on one city, an "ideal" Jerusalem, a complementary mapping in which meaningful human action and interaction is centred upon one's "local city." In this respect, one might characterize Tosefta as "diasporizing" Mishnah's mapping of an ideal world centred upon a single Temple-city.

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