Economic Relations between the European Union and Russia

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

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Prospects for European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Constitutional Component

Scientific Research and Development Economics of the Firm ◽

10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-2-84-89 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 84-89

Author(s):

K. Gylka

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Economic Community ◽

European Countries ◽

Minority Languages ◽

The European Union ◽

Economic Community ◽

European Continent ◽

European Economic ◽

Economic Relations ◽

The Republic

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages and about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed for war (coal and steel). The founding members of ECSC have determined that this European project will not only be developed in order to share resources or to prevent various conflicts in the region. Thus, the Rome Treaty of 1957 created the European Economic Community (EEC), which strengthened the political and economic relations between the six founding states. The relevance of the topic stems from their desire of peoples and countries to live better. The purpose of the study is to identify the internal and external development mechanisms of European countries and, on this basis, to formulate a model of economic, legislative and social development for individual countries. The results of the study provide a practical guideline for determining the vector of the direction of efforts of political, economic, legislative, humanitarian, etc.

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Tendencies of High-Skilled Migration coming from Romania. Favourable Legislation and Social Policies

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research ◽

10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p65-69 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Alexandra Vilcu

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Social Protection ◽

The United States ◽

Communist Regime ◽

Social Policies ◽

The European Union ◽

Skilled Migration ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Doctoral Programmes ◽

Year 2000

The external migration of a significant part of Romania's high-skilled population is a social phenomenon which became increasingly frequent starting from the 1990s, right after the fall of the communist regime. The basis for this phenomenon consists of several causes: globalization, the strengthening of international economic relations, and later on, Romania's adhesion to the European Union. Research has shown that of all high-skilled population, the professionals who emigrate more frequently consist of engineers, teachers, medical staff, scientific researchers, economists and architects. Besides, the chosen destinations have been variable throughout time. The first phase in time took place in the 1990s, when a large part of the high-skilled population chose to emigrate for professional purposes in countries such as The United States of America, Canada, Germany or Israel. The second important phase occurred after year 2000, when the focus was placed on EU countries, especially after Romania's integration. Apart from temporary unqualified migration, the number of high-skilled migrants and those who leave the country to continue their studies also soared. The chosen countries generally include Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, France and Austria. Given these differences in the tendencies of high-skilled migration, this paper will offer an insight on how the phenomenon evolved, and the factors that caused these variations in space and time. Most likely, some of the countries that were preferred have been facilitating the integration of high-skilled immigrants in society, as opposed to unqualified ones, through a selective set of laws and social policies which are meant to favour this social category. Therefore, we will discover and analyze various examples and benefits of legislation and social policies which offered social protection to high-skilledimmigrants in various countries. This paper is made and published under the aegis of the Research Institute for Quality of Life, Romanian Academy, as part of the programme co-funded by the European Union within the Operational Sectorial Programme for Human Resources Development, through the Project for Pluri and Interdisciplinarity in doctoral and post-doctoral programmes. Project code: POSDRU/159/1.5/S/141086

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Nothern European Lessons for Eurasian Integration

Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue ◽

10.53658/rw2021-1-1-79-91 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 79-91

Author(s):

L. S. Voronkov

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Regional Integration ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

The Other ◽

Northern Europe ◽

The European Union ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Eurasian Economic Union ◽

Economic Union ◽

The Eu

The paper is dedicated to the differences between the classical instruments for regulating interstate political and trade-economic relations from those used in the development of regional integration processes. Traditionally, the Eurasian Economic Union is compared with the European Union, considering the EU as a close example to follow in the development of integration processes. At the same time, there exist the other models of integration. The author proposes to pay attention to the other models of integration and based on the analysis of documents, reveals the experience of Northern Europe, which demonstrates effective cooperation without infringing on the sovereignty of the participants. The author examines the features of the integration experience of the Nordic countries in relation to the possibility of using its elements in the modern integration practice of the Eurasian Economic Union.

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Analysis of Renewable Energy Directive Ii on Trading of Indonesian Palm Oil Associated with GATT

Yuridika ◽

10.20473/ydk.v36i3.25075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 509

Author(s):

Amanda Fadhilla Chairunisa ◽

Imam Haryanto

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Palm Oil ◽

The European Union ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Macro Scale ◽

International Economic Relations ◽

Gatt 1947

International economic relations sure is very important for a country and the important thing that follows is the policy that regulates international economic relations it self. In this study, the authors will analyze hows Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) policy as a derivative of the RED (Renewable Energy Directive) policy by the European Union will affect the Indonesian palm oil trade which this also would show the violations of previous policies that is General Agreement on Tarifs and Trades. Authors also going to show General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as a policy that regulates how international trade relations should be carried out and the violations of this international agreement undoubtedly could affect Economic relations between the two countries, both on a micro scale and macro scale. In conducting the research authors will be using the normative juridical methods which means the legal research will be based off library materials and secondary materials therefore the main result from this study would be a reflection of how RED II can affect trade in indonesian palm oil products and also by effecting this regulation in 2021 the european union will be violating the non-discrimination principle in GATT 1947.

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The German hegemony in the European Union: European Economic Integration as an Asymmetric Regime

Brazilian Journal of International Relations ◽

10.36311/2237-7743.2020.v9n2.p298-329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 298-329

Author(s):

Everton Almeida Silva ◽

Joaquim Carlos Racy

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

International Cooperation ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Power Relations ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

The European Union ◽

International Regime ◽

European Economic ◽

Economic Relations ◽

The Subject

In this paper we intend to analyze the hegemonic position of Germany within the European Union, examining, from a historical perspective, the process of economic integration of the continent, highlighting the haggling process among its Member States and the emergence of power relations among those. Primordially, the economic relations among the States and the circumstances that led European States to pursue the international cooperation, in order to build an international regime, will be analyzed, considering whether such an asymmetrical arrangement. In view of this, the present work has been organized into three sections and a conclusion where we state our opinion on the subject and point out suggestions and referrals on the theme. Recebido em: agosto/2019. Aprovado em: agosto/2020.

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Finland’s Africa Strategy

Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS ◽

10.15211/vestnikieran120213237 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

Elena Boldyreva ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Foreign Affairs ◽

The European Union ◽

African Countries ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Northern Country ◽

Common Interests ◽

The Common

The article analyzes Finland’s strategy towards Africa. The relevance of this topic does not raise doubts in the light of the growing interest not only of Finland, but also of the European Union as a whole in Africa, especially the countries of the Sahel. Finland’s strategy was adopted almost simultaneously with the EU’s strategy and can be considered as an integral part of it. The article analyzes the publicly available documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, which are relevant both to the policy of this northern country in relation to the continent as a whole and to individual African countries. The aim of the strategy is to set realistic but ambitious goals for Finland’s policy towards Africa, based on the common interests of Finland and African countries, to define the main directions of Finland’s policy towards Africa and to define concrete actions to achieve them. In addition, it is necessary to pay special attention to strengthening political and economic relations and expand cooperation in various forms. Thus, the research carried out can be useful for a better understanding of one of the most important directions of Finnish foreign policy today.

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A Integração Econômica e o Regime Jurídico do Euro

Cadernos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito – PPGDir /UFRGS ◽

10.22456/2317-8558.54448 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Fabrício José Rodrigues de Lemos

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Free Movement ◽

The European Union ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Freedom Of Establishment ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Free Movement Of Workers ◽

Common Goals ◽

The Common

A INTEGRAÇÃO ECONÔMICA E O REGIME JURÍDICO DO EURO ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND THE LEGAL REGIME OF THE EURO Fabrício José Rodrigues de Lemos* RESUMO: Em um mundo de relações econômicas cada vez mais complexas, as nações se veem compelidas a formalizar uniões em torno de objetivos comuns, de maneira a fazer frente à acirrada concorrência internacional. Nesse sentido, buscam a formação dos chamados espaços econômicos integrados. Para isso, são necessários diversos requisitos, tais como a livre circulação de mercadorias, a liberdade de estabelecimento, a livre circulação de trabalhadores e de capitais. Entretanto, para que seja atingido o estágio mais aprofundado da integração econômica, além das exigências já exemplificadas, se constata imprescindível a instituição de moeda única. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende, a partir de reflexões históricas e filosóficas acerca da implantação da zona do Euro, fazer apontamentos sobre a integração econômica existente na União Europeia, detalhando o regime jurídico da moeda única europeia, para, ao final, tecer considerações sobre o futuro do mercado comum europeu. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Integração econômica. Zona do Euro. Regime jurídico. União Europeia. ABSTRACT: In a world of increasingly complex economic relations, nations find themselves compelled to formalize unions around common goals, in order to cope with the fierce international competition. In this sense, they seek the formation of the so-called integrated economic spaces. Thereunto, several requirements must be met, such as the free movement of goods, freedom of establishment, free movement of workers and capital. However, in order to achieve the furthest stage of economic integration, in addition to the requirements already explained, the institution of a single currency is imperative. In this sense, the article intends to give pointers, from historical and philosophical reflections about the implementation of the Euro zone, on the existing economic integration in the European Union, detailing the legal regime of the single European currency, to, at the end, weave considerations about the future of the common European market. KEYWORDS: Economic integration. Eurozone. Legal regime. European Union. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Reflexões Históricas e Filosóficas acerca da Implantação da Zona do Euro. 1.1 Implantação da Zona Monetária Comum e o Critério de Convergência. 1.2 Conceito de eficiência em Richard Posner e a maximização da riqueza e do bem-estar social. 2 Regime Jurídico na Zona do Euro. 2.1 Integração regional e o Mercado Comum Europeu. 2.2 Considerações sobre o futuro do Mercado Comum Europeu. Considerações Finais. Referências. * Mestrando em Direito Público, na Linha de Pesquisa Sociedade, Novos Direitos e Transnacionalização, pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Bacharel em Direito pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Integrante do Núcleo de Direitos Humanos da Unisinos (NDH). Advogado.

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