Effects of Bolt Spacing On Prying Forces in WT Connections

AEI 2013 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Raebel ◽  
Richard G. DeSimone ◽  
Austin M. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Bolt Spacing

scholarly journals Weightage Effect during Back-Calculation of Rock-Mass Quality from the Installed Tunnel Support in Rock-Mass Rating and Tunneling Quality Index System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonguk Kim ◽  
Hafeezur Rehman ◽  
Wahid Ali ◽  
Abdul Muntaqim Naji ◽  
Hankyu Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Rock Bolt ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Mass Quality ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bolt Spacing ◽  
Q System ◽  
Selection Of

In extensively used empirical rock-mass classification systems, the rock-mass rating (RMR) and tunneling quality index (Q) system, rock-mass quality, and tunnel span are used for the selection of rock bolt length and spacing and shotcrete thickness. In both systems, the rock bolt spacing and shotcrete thickness selection are based on the same principle, which is used for the back-calculation of the rock-mass quality. For back-calculation, there is no criterion for the selection of rock-bolt-spacing-based rock-mass quality weightage and shotcrete thickness along with tunnel-span-based rock-mass quality weightage. To determine this weightage effect during the back-calculation, five weightage cases are selected, explained through example, and applied using published data. In the RMR system, the weightage effect is expressed in terms of the difference between the calculated and back-calculated rock-mass quality in the two versions of RMR. In the Q system, the weightage effect is presented in plots of stress reduction factor versus relative block size. The results show that the weightage effect during back-calculation not only depends on the difference in rock-bolt-spacing-based rock-mass quality and shotcrete along with tunnel-span-based rock-mass quality, but also on their corresponding values.

Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Ridge Joint of Double C Steel under Cyclic Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Bing Qian Pi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Bolt Spacing ◽  
Steel Section

The double C steel section is made of two C steels with gusset plate through bolts. A ridge joint of double C steel is studied through experiment under cyclic loading in this paper. Through the four specimens with different gusset-plate’s thickness and bolt spacing, we analyze the effect of the gusset-plate’s thickness and bolt spacing on stiffness, ductility and energy performance. At last we recommend the suitable gusset-plate’s thickness. The results can give a reference to the engineering application of cold-formed steel structure.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of two-bolt connections for high strength steel members

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Bo Wang ◽  
Yi-Fan Lyu ◽  
Guo-Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Double Shear ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
End Distance ◽  
Bolt Spacing

This paper presents an experimental research on bearing-type bolted connections consisting of two bolts positioned perpendicular to the loading direction. A total of 24 connections in double shear fabricated from high strength steels with yield stresses of 677MPa and 825MPa are tested. Two failure modes as tearout failure and splitting failure are observed in experiments. The effect of end distance, edge distance, bolt spacing and steel grade on the failure mode and bearing behavior are discussed. For connection design with bolts positioned perpendicular to loading direction, it is further found that combination of edge distance and bolt spacing effectively determines the failure mode and ultimate load. The test results are compared with Eurocode3. An optimal combination of edge distance and bolt spacing as well as related design suggestion is thus recommended. 

Analysis of Bolt Spacing for Flange Sealing

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Meck
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Bolt Spacing

A solution based upon the theory of elasticity is found for the maximum allowable bolt spacing in a flange assembly. The flanges are assumed to have flat faces and no gasket.

DEVELOPING A METHODOLOGY FOR USING THE CONTINUOUS STRENGTH METHOD FOR BUILT-UP I-SECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquibul Hossain ◽  
Shadman Sakib ◽  
Maleha Alam
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Base Curve ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Individual Capacity ◽  
Bolt Spacing ◽  
Compression Resistance ◽  
Compressive Resistance

Built-up steel sections are widely used in the construction industry due to their wide range of compression resistance. The main objective of the study is to introduce an efficient and economic design methodology for built-up I-sections by using the Continuous Strength Method (CSM) equations. These I-sections are made from two C-sections with bolts spaced at a specific interval. This methodology includes the calculation of individual capacity of C-sections using the CSM base curve and conversion that to bolted I-sections by using I-section properties. The predicted capacities show that the modified application of CSM equations can predict compressive resistance with high accuracy for built-up I-sections. Though the effect of bolt spacing is not considered in this study, the proposed methodology paves the path for deriving CSM equations for built-up sections.

Flange Joint Bolt Spacing Requirements

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Koves
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Code Design ◽  
Flange Joint ◽  
Stress Variation ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Leak Tightness ◽  
Bolted Flange ◽  
Bolt Spacing

The bolted flange joint assembly is a complex system. System stresses are dependent on elastic and nonlinear interaction between the bolting, flange and gasket. The ASME Code design rules provides a method for sizing the flange and bolts to be structurally adequate for the specified pressure design conditions and are based on an axi-symmetric analysis of a flange. The ASME rules do not address the circumferential variation in gasket and flange stress due to the discrete bolt loads. Proper bolt spacing is important to maintain leak tightness between bolts and to avoid distorting the flange. This paper provides an analytical solution for the gasket and flange stress variation between bolts. The analytical solution is validated with 3-D Finite Element solutions of standard flange designs.

Leakage analysis of bolted flange joints considering surface roughness: A theoretical model

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benben Ma ◽  
Fan Jin ◽  
Zhi Sun ◽  
Xu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Bolted Flange ◽  
Bolt Spacing

In the present paper, a theoretical model for leakage analysis of bolted flange joints without gaskets, which can take the surface roughness into consideration, is proposed based on percolation theory. In this model, Persson’s rough contact theory is employed to predict the height of the critical constriction along the percolating path. Based on this model, a criterion of maximum allowable bolt spacing is also suggested to guarantee a low leakage rate. The reasonable agreement between the theoretical predictions and detailed three-dimensional finite element analysis results verifies the validity and usefulness of the proposed theoretical model.

A Novel Formulation of Elastic Interaction in Gasketed Bolted Joints

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Alkelani ◽  
Sayed A. Nassar ◽  
Basil A. Housari
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Elastic Interaction ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Joint Tightening ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Bolt Spacing ◽  
Initial Assembly

A novel mathematical model is proposed for studying elastic interaction in gasketed bolted joints. The model predicts the tension changes in tightened bolts due to the subsequent tightening of other bolts in the joint. It also predicts the final clamp load distribution after the completion of joint tightening. The model is used to investigate the effect of various factors on the elastic interaction phenomenon; factors include the gasket thickness, bolt spacing, fastener preload level, and the tightening sequence of various bolts. Experimental verification is provided for the validation of the mathematical model. Experimental and analytical results are presented and discussed. The proposed model provides good prediction of the final clamp load in the joint. Moreover, the proposed model may be used to determine the level of initial bolt tension in each bolt that would be necessary to achieve the desired level of uniform clamp load in the joint at initial assembly.

FEM Calculation and Evaluation of Sealing Performance in Oil Pan Wavy-Shaped Flange Gasketed Connections

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryou Kurosawa ◽  
Kentaro Tenma ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Flange Connection ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Bolt Spacing ◽  
Good Agreement

The oil pan wavy-shaped flange connection, while is a type of the box-shaped flange connections, has been used for the oil-pan in the vehicles such as cars and motorcycles to seal inner fluid. Though the light weight of these connections is important, the design method has not been established, since no research for evaluating the sealing performance of the wavy-shaped flange connections has been conducted. In this paper, The contact gasket stress distribution in a oil pan wavy-shaped flange connection under the internal pressure is examined taking into account a gasket hysteresis using finite element method (FEM) for estimating a location where a principal leakage occurs and for calculating the amount of leakage. Leakage tests were also conducted to validate the estimated results using an actual connection under internal pressure. The effects of flange shape and difference in types of inner fluid (gas / liquid) are examined on the contact gasket stress distributions and the sealing performance in the connections. It is found that the estimated amount of leakage is in a fairly good agreement with the measured results. Furthermore, discussion on the effect of the bolt spacing and the gasket width on the sealing performance are made.

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