Closure to “Expanded Polystyrene Spheres as Evaporation Suppressors”

EPS concrete was produced by mixing the expanded polystyrene spheres (EPS) and polymer emulsion and thickener to the matrix concrete, and this concrete had good vibration energy absorption characteristics. Based on the experimental data obtained on EPS volume ratio of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by replacing matrix or coarse aggregate, the two design styles had nearly the same compressive strength. By applying frequency of 5 Hz, 50000 or 100000 times, 40 KN, 50 KN, and 60 KN cyclic loading, it is shown that the higher the inclusion size was, the lower the compressive strength of the EPS concrete would be; the larger the applying dynamic cyclic load was, the more obvious the compressive strength changing would be. Meanwhile, the strength of EPS concrete had no evident change after durability test. The results of this research had practical significance on using EPS concrete in some long-term cyclic dynamic load engineering.

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Illite Clay Ceramic Hollow Sphere - Obtaining and Properties

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 721 ◽

pp. 316-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrei Shishkin ◽

Austris Laksa ◽

Viktoria Shidlovska ◽

Zane Timermane ◽

Hakim Aguedal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Hollow Sphere ◽

Water Retention ◽

Hollow Spheres ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Polystyrene Spheres ◽

Sacrificial Template

This work focuses on clay ceramic hollow spheres (CCHS) preparation using Liepa clay and sacrificial template method in a lab scale device and testing of their properties. Water retention and compression strength were investigated in order to found out if obtained CCHS can be used as an additive for improving soil resilience.The synthesis and characterization of CCHS using expanded polystyrene spheres (EPS) as sacrificial template is presented. CCHS were fired at five different temperatures and their compressive strength, water retention, bulk density, material density, water absorption, phase composition, surface morphology, porosity using hydrostaticweighing and BET nitrogen adsorption methods, were determined.Study of clay ceramic hollow sphere structure and surface morphology revealed that all samples have spherical shape. These spheres have several pronounced protrusions from the granulation process. Clay ceramic hollow spheres have porosity rate of 21 - 36% and a water absorption rate of 15 -33%. The highest rate of porosity and water absorption was observed for hollow spheres fired at 1050°C.The increase of clayceramic hollow spheresfiringtemperature led to decrease of specific surface area-thehighestvaluewas observed at950°C and the lowest at 1150°C. The bulk density increased at 1150°C.Mechanicalstrength test of ceramic hollowspheres(HS)revealedthat with the increase of scorchingtemperature the compression strength of the spheres increasedas well.The sphere hollowshadpractically globular shape with the averagewallthickness of0,6 mm, whichcomprises10-13% ofthe outer diameter.The obtained clay ceramic hollow spheres are proposed as water retention agent.

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Microstructural Observation of SiC Surface Alloyed Carbon Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2565 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 308-310 ◽

pp. 2565-2568

Author(s):

Chang Qing Guo

Keyword(s):

Casting Process ◽

Compound Layer ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Surface Compound ◽

Polystyrene Spheres ◽

Transitional Layer ◽

Sic Particles ◽

Fine Pearlite

EPS (expanded polystyrene spheres) template with a 5 mm coating on a surface that is mainly consisted of SiC particles are prepared. Carbon steels are then poured in the templates using V-EPC (Vacuum Expandable Pattern Casting) process. The microstructures are observed and analyzed using optical microscope, SEM and EDS. Macrostructural observation showed that the surface alloyed zone is dense and there are no obvious defects, such as gas bubbles, occluded gas holes and delimitation. Microstructural investigations indicated that the samples from top to bottom are obviously consisted of three different layers, i.e., the surface compound layer, the interim transitional layer and the bottom matrix layer. SiC particles are totally decomposed during infiltration. The microstructures in the surface compound layer are consisted of a large amount of graphite flakes, carbides, Si rich ferrites and dendritic pearlites. There is a fine pearlite strip at the top of the transitional layer and small amounts of carbide particles within the matrix grains and net carbides at the grain boundaries can be also observed in this layer.

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Microstructural Observation of Ni-WC Surface Alloyed Carbon Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.58 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 335-336 ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

Chang Qing Guo ◽

Qi Huan Wang

Keyword(s):

Transitional Zone ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Carbide Precipitation ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Polystyrene Spheres ◽

Transitional Layer ◽

The Matrix ◽

Fine Pearlite ◽

Carbide Particles

EPS (expanded polystyrene spheres) templates with thickness of a 10 mm coating on a surface that is mainly consisted of Ni-WC particles, are prepared. Carbon steels containing 0.45C%wt are then cast in the templates using V-EPC process (vacuum expandable pattern casting), forming the surface alloyed steels. The microstructures are observed and analyzed using optical microscope, SEM and EDS. Macrostructural observation showed that the surface alloyed zone is dense and there is no obvious defects, such as gas bubbles, occluded gas holes and delimitation. Microstructural investigations indicate that the samples from top to bottom are obviously consisted of three different zones, i.e., the top alloyed zone, the interim transitional zone and the bottom matrix zone. Ni-WC particles are totally decomposed during the molten steel infiltration. The microstructures in the surface alloyed zone are consisted of small amounts of fine WC+W2C carbides, large amounts of M3C+M7C3 carbides and dendritic matrix. There is a fine pearlite strip at the top of the transitional layer. Small amounts of carbide particles within the matrix grains and net carbide precipitation in the grain boundaries at the transitional zone can be observed.

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Mathematical Simulation of Bottom Ash Effect and Expanded Polystyrene on the Polystyrene Concrete Properties

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 974 ◽

pp. 312-318

Author(s):

Lam Tang Van ◽

Dien Vu Kim ◽

Boris I. Bulgakov ◽

Sofia I. Bazhenova

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Green Light ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Second Order ◽

Dry Density ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Polystyrene Spheres ◽

Concrete Properties

Nowadays various light concrete types have many advantages as compared to heavyweight concrete (total structures mass decrease, increased thermophysical properties, less material consumption). Various industrial wastes use such as fly ashes, slag and bottom ash was suggested to enhance the light concretes effectiveness. This is greatly important for a green light concrete production since it is very important to obtain new types of environmentally friendly materials using wastes. The article substantiates the light concrete use and creation with organo-mineral additives based on industrial waste, analysis of the second-order mathematical model describing the bottom ash (BA) amount effect of Vung Ang TPP and expandable polystyrene spheres (EPS) on the light concrete density and compressive strength at the age of 28 days of normal hardening is done. In this work, the BA and EPS amounts varied from 14.5 to 45.5%, respectively, of the cement weight and from 24.5 to 55.5% of the concrete mix volume. The effect of expanded polystyrene spheres (EPS) and bottom ash (BA) TPP "Vung Ang" amounts as the input parameters on the polystyrene concrete properties (PCP) were investigated in this study. On the one hand, various proportions of BA (14.5, 20, 30, 40 and 45.5%) were blended in concrete mixes as partial weight replacement for Portland cement. On the other hand, EPS amount was replaced by the fresh concrete volume in the range from 24.5% to 55.5%. Additionally, the central composite design method of Box-Wilson for second order factors was used to predict the EPS and BA effects on the polystyrene concrete properties. The results showed that the proposed regression equations of this mathematical model achieved an adequate prediction accuracy. Hence, the effects of both bottom ash contents and expanded polystyrene spheres on the dry density and 28-day compressive strength of the PSC-specimens were significant. In the future, further investigations have to be carried out to study the quality prediction of green light concrete containing various wastes.

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Dynamic Scanning Electron Microscopy of Small Particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011502x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 280-281

Author(s):

W. Krakow ◽

W. C. Nixon

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Low Noise ◽

Time Sequence ◽

Field Of View ◽

Video Tape ◽

Small Particles ◽

Polystyrene Spheres ◽

Field Distributions ◽

Dynamic Scanning ◽

Scanning Electron

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be run at television scanning rates and used with a video tape recorder to observe dynamic specimen changes. With a conventional tungsten source, a low noise TV image is obtained with a field of view sufficient to cover the area of the specimen to be recorded. Contrast and resolution considerations have been elucidated and many changing specimens have been studied at TV rates.To extend the work on measuring the magnitude of charge and field distributions of small particles in the SEM, we have investigated their motion and electrostatic interaction at TV rates. Fig. 1 shows a time sequence of polystyrene spheres on a conducting grating surface inclined to the microscope axis. In (la) there are four particles present in the field of view, while in (lb) a fifth particle has moved into view.

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