scholarly journals Model Migration Schedules and Their Applications

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rogers ◽  
R Raquillet ◽  
L J Castro
Keyword(s):  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Model Migration ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Migration Flows

This paper considers and contrasts two alternative approaches for capturing the regularities exhibited by age patterns in observed migration rates. The mortality approach is considered first and it is shown how such an approach may be used to infer migration flows from two consecutive place-of-residence-by-place-of-birth census age distributions. The fertility approach is considered next, and techniques for graduating migration age profiles are described. The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are then briefly assessed.

Türkiye'de iller arası göçlerin nodexl ile sosyal ağ analizi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yakar ◽  
Fatma Sert Eteman
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Provincial Scale

Türkiye'de 20.yy'ın ortasından itibaren başlayan iç göçler zamanla kurulan göçmen ağları ile süreklilik kazanmış ve ülke içinde nüfusun kır-kent dağılımını değiştirecek boyutlara erişmiştir. Araştırma, göçün doğum yeri verisinden hareketle ikamet edilen yerdeki nüfus miktarına göre alınan ve verilen göç akışının büyüklüğünü iller ölçeğinde yönlü ağlar kullanılarak analiz edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, TÜİK tarafından yayınlanmış olan 2015 yılına ait, iller ölçeğinde doğum yerine göre ikamet yeri verisi kullanılmıştır. Göçün kaynak ve hedef sahaları arasındaki akışını incelemek için NodeXL ile oluşturulan tek modlu, yönlü ve ağırlıklandırılmış göç ağının istatistiksel olarak tam ağ yapısına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ağ grafiklerinden ve istatistiklerinden göç hareketinin doğudan batıya doğru gerçekleştiği ve İstanbul’ un ülkenin tamamına hâkim bir görünüme sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Türkiye nüfusunun cumhuriyet tarihi içinde geçirdiği iç göç süreçleriyle birlikte ülke içinde kurulmuş ve oldukça karmaşık bir görünüme sahip ağ yapısının olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Kurulan ağlar göçlerin devamını sağladığı gibi, göçün yöneldiği merkezlerde daha heterojen nüfus yapılarının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHSocial Network Analysis of Migration Inter Provinces In Turkey with Nodexl The internal migrations which started in Turkey in the middle of the 20th century have gained permanency with the migration networks that were established at the time and reached dimensions which have the potential to change the rural-urban distribution of the population within the country.  The study aims to analyze the magnitude of the incoming and outgoing migration flow at the provincial scale based on the population data for place of birth according to place of residence by using directional networks. Place of residence according to place of birth at the provincial scale data for 2015 published by TÜİK was used in the study. A single mode, directional and weighted migration network created with NodeXL to examine the migration flows between the source and target has a statistically complete network structure. The network graphs and statistics show that the migrations have taken place from east to west and Istanbul has a view as dominant of the country. It can be argued that internal network structure of Turkish population has  a very complex view because of internal migration in the history of the republic. The established networks have enabled the continuation of migration and have manifested as the emergence of more heterogeneous population structures in centers where migration had been directed.

scholarly journals La procedencia, a escala local, de los inmigrantes extranjeros en España a finales del siglo XX

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Aguilera Arilla ◽  
María Pilar González Yanci
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Siglo Xx

El artículo propone la utilización de los registros consulares, como fuente de investigación imprescindible para el estudio pormenorizado del origen y destino de los inmigrantes extranjeros en nuestro país. Dictia fuente es la única que recoge, a escala local, el lugar de nacimiento y el de procedencia, según el último domicilio del país de origen, así como su lugar de residencia en el país de destino. Del estudio de las fuentes consulares de la República Checa, Eslovaquia y Bulgaria, se obtiene la idea general de que existe una mayor procedencia urbana de los inmigrantes, a pesar de no ser países con alto porcentaje de población urbana.This article proposes the use of consular records as a source of investigation essential to tfie detailed study of the origin and destination of foreign immigrants in our country. The mentioned source is the only one that provides, on a local stage, the place of birth and origin, according to the last address in the native country, as well as the place of residence in the destination country. By studying consular sources from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Bulgaria, we obtain the general idea that immigrants come mainly from urban áreas, although those countries do not have a high percentage of urban population.

Tree-Building Algorithms and Philosophies

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-185
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Z. Brower ◽  
Randall T. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computational Capability ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Tree Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Criterion

This chapter evaluates “quantitative cladistics” in detail, including the issues of fit, parsimony algorithms, and character weighting. Although systematists have long associated characters with taxa, the relationship between character data and “phylogeny” has not always been obvious. The ideas of Willi Hennig clarified this relationship, and the formalization of these concepts in a quantitative method, via the parsimony criterion, allowed for computer implementation of phylogenetic inference and the feasible solution of previously intractable problems. It is this computational capability that took the study of taxonomic relationships from an almost purely qualitative and speculative enterprise to one dominated by the use of computer software and “objective” methodologies. The chapter then discusses the use, advantages, and disadvantages of maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques as alternative approaches to the application of parsimony.

scholarly journals How I treat immune thrombocytopenia: the choice between splenectomy or a medical therapy as a second-line treatment

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Ghanima ◽  
Bertrand Godeau ◽  
Douglas B. Cines ◽  
James B. Bussel
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
One Year

Abstract The paradigm for managing primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults has changed with the advent of rituximab and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) as options for second-line therapy. Splenectomy continues to provide the highest cure rate (60%-70% at 5+ years). Nonetheless, splenectomy is invasive, irreversible, associated with postoperative complications, and its outcome is currently unpredictable, leading some physicians and patients toward postponement and use of alternative approaches. An important predicament is the lack of studies comparing second-line options to splenectomy and to each other. Furthermore, some adults will improve spontaneously within 1-2 years. Rituximab has been given to more than 1 million patients worldwide, is generally well tolerated, and its short-term toxicity is acceptable. In adults with ITP, 40% of patients are complete responders at one year and 20% remain responders at 3-5 years. Newer approaches to using rituximab are under study. TPO-RAs induce platelet counts > 50 000/μL in 60%-90% of adults with ITP, are well-tolerated, and show relatively little short-term toxicity. The fraction of TPO-RA–treated patients who will be treatment-free after 12-24 months of therapy is unknown but likely to be low. As each approach has advantages and disadvantages, treatment needs to be individualized, and patient participation in decision-making is paramount.

scholarly journals Restoring the unrestorable! Developing coronal tooth tissue with a minimally invasive surgical extrusion technique

BDJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 226 (10) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dietrich ◽  
Ralf Krug ◽  
Gabriel Krastl ◽  
Phillip L. Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Orthodontic Extrusion ◽  
Tooth Tissue ◽  
Crown Lengthening

Abstract Surgical extrusion is a recognised treatment option for teeth that have insufficient coronal tooth structure remaining due to deep caries, resorption or traumatic injury. However, the technique has not been widely adopted, arguably because extraction of a severely compromised tooth may be difficult to achieve in a gentle and predictable way. In this paper, we present our novel approach to surgical extrusion and subsequent management of teeth using a vertical extraction system (Benex), which has become the method of choice in the authors' practice for many teeth that would otherwise be deemed unrestorable. We describe the clinical procedure in detail and discuss the advantages and disadvantages compared to alternative approaches, including surgical crown lengthening and orthodontic extrusion.

Urbanization and risk for schizophrenia: does the effect operate before or around the time of illness onset?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MARCELIS ◽  
N. TAKEI ◽  
J. VAN OS
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. Higher level of urbanicity of place of birth and of place of residence at the time of illness onset has been shown to increase the risk for adult schizophrenia. However, because urban birth and urban residence are strongly correlated, no conclusions can be drawn about the timing of the risk-increasing effect. The current study discriminated between any effect of urbanization before and around the time of illness onset.Methods. All individuals born between 1972 and 1978 were followed up through the Dutch National Psychiatric Case Register for first admission for schizophrenia until 1995 (maximum age 23 years). Exposure status was defined by a combination of place of birth and place of residence at the time of illness onset in the three most densely populated provinces of the Netherlands (the ‘Randstad’, exposed) or in all other areas (the ‘non-Randstad’, non-exposed). The risk for schizophrenia was examined in four different exposure groups: non-exposed born and non-exposed resident (NbNr, reference category), non-exposed born and exposed resident (NbEr), exposed born and non-exposed resident (EbNr) and exposed born and exposed resident (EbEr).Results. The greatest risk for schizophrenia was found in the EbNR group, without evidence for any additive effect of urban residence (rate ratio (RR) for narrow schizophrenia in EbNr group, 2·05 (95% CI 1·18–3·57); in EbEr group, 1·96 (95% CI, 1·55–2·46)). Individuals who were not exposed at birth, but became so later in life, were not at increased risk of developing schizophrenia (RR for narrow schizophrenia in NbEr group, 0·79 (0·46–1·36)).Conclusion. The results suggest that environmental factors associated with urbanization increase the risk for schizophrenia before rather than around the time of illness onset.

Research Design and Analysis: Striving for Relevance and Efficiency

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Leslie H. McFarling ◽  
Vernon S. Ellingstad
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Human Factors Research ◽  
Research Efficiency

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on alternative approaches to research design and analysis. It describes the current status of human factors research with regard to design and analytical procedures and stresses the use of alternate procedures in the interest of research efficiency. Advantages and disadvantages of alternative approaches are discussed. Brief discussions of the collected articles are included.

Lentiviral vectors: are they the future of animal transgenesis?

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Park
Keyword(s):  
Transgene Expression ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Lentiviral Vectors ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Gene Therapy Vector ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Lentiviral Transgenesis ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Lentiviral vectors have become a promising new tool for the establishment of transgenic animals and the manipulation of the mammalian genome. While conventional microinjection-based methods for transgenesis have been successful in generating small and large transgenic animals, their relatively low transgenic efficiency has opened the door for alternative approaches, including lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral vectors are an appealing tool for transgenesis in part because of their ability to incorporate into genomic DNA with high efficiency, especially in cells that are not actively dividing. Lentiviral vector-mediated transgene expression can also be maintained for long periods of time. Recent studies have documented high efficiencies for lentiviral transgenesis, even in animal species and strains, such as NOD/ scid and C57Bl/6 mouse, that are very difficult to manipulate using the standard transgenic techniques. These advantages of the lentiviral vector system have broadened its use as a gene therapy vector to additional applications that include transgenesis and knockdown functional genetics. This review will address the components of the lentiviral vector system and recent successes in lentiviral transgenesis using both male- and female-derived pluripotent cells. The advantages and disadvantages of lentiviral transgenesis vs. other approaches to produce transgenic animals will be compared with regard to efficiency, the ability to promote persistent transgene expression, and the time necessary to generate a sufficient number of animals for phenotyping.

Banking risks: international approaches to assessment and management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Hasyanova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The textbook is devoted to the study of issues of assessment and management of banking risks based on international approaches. The application of methods and methods for assessing, managing and minimizing risks in commercial banks is considered both from the point of view of implementing international recommendations and standards in the banking sector of the Russian Federation, and in the context of organizing internal systems and procedures in banks. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of regulatory requirements for risk assessment and capital adequacy to cover risks in accordance with international agreements developed by the Basel Committee on banking supervision. Alternative approaches to risk assessment and management, their advantages and disadvantages, prospects for use and impact on banks ' activities are analyzed. It is intended for students of master's programs of economic and financial faculties of higher education institutions, as well as for practitioners in the field of Finance and banking.

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