Cue Conflict and Stereoscopic Surface Slant about Horizontal and Vertical Axes

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Ryan ◽  
Barbara Gillam
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Surface Configuration ◽  
Surface Slant ◽  
Cue Conflict ◽  
The Way

The way in which a planar surface is defined or configured may affect its apparent slant about a given axis, and the magnitude of slant-axis anisotropies. The authors have previously suggested that (i) these within-axis and between-axis configuration effects may be attributable, in part at least, to the perspective—disparity conflict generated when geometrically frontoparallel configured surfaces are slanted stereoscopically; and (ii) that implicit contours, defined by line endings or conjunctions, may have effects analogous to those seen with explicit contours. These possibilities were directly examined in two experiments. In experiment 1, slant-axis anisotropy was progressively induced by adding horizontal lines to a vertical-line (zero anisotropy) grid under conditions of cue conflict; slants about the vertical (but not the horizontal) were attenuated—demonstrating a clear and systematic nexus between surface configuration and slant-axis anisotropy. The presence of regular implicit horizontals similarly and selectively attenuated the slant perceived about the vertical. In experiment 2, cue conflict was seen to exacerbate slant-axis anisotropy, but clearly could not fully account for it. There was an axis asymmetry in the effect of degrading implicit contours: degradation had a marked impact on perceived slant about the horizontal but not the vertical axis.

Navigating in a volumetric world: Metric encoding in the vertical axis of space

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Burt de Perera ◽  
Robert Holbrook ◽  
Victoria Davis ◽  
Alex Kacelnik ◽  
Tim Guilford
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Orthogonal Axis ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
The Way

AbstractAnimals navigate through three-dimensional environments, but we argue that the way they encode three-dimensional spatial information is shaped by how they use the vertical component of space. We agree with Jeffery et al. that the representation of three-dimensional space in vertebrates is probably bicoded (with separation of the plane of locomotion and its orthogonal axis), but we believe that their suggestion that the vertical axis is stored “contextually” (that is, not containing distance or direction metrics usable for novel computations) is unlikely, and as yet unsupported. We describe potential experimental protocols that could clarify these differences in opinion empirically.

Ультразвуковой адаптивный томограф бетонных изделий с нестандартной конфигурацией

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
В.К. Качанов ◽  
И.В. Соколов ◽  
Р.В. Концов ◽  
М.Б. Федоров ◽  
В.В. Первушин
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Adaptive Methods ◽  
Adaptive Antenna ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Ultrasound Tomography ◽  
Surface Configuration ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound ◽  
Concrete Building

It is shown that should be used adaptive antenna arrays, the shape of which can take the form of a non-planar surface of the tested product, for ultrasonic tomography of concrete building structures with a non-standard surface configuration. It should also be used adaptive methods of ultrasound tomography, which allows both to determine the coordinates of defects and the velocity of ultrasound in concrete, as well as adjust the parameters of the probing signals to the characteristics of concrete products.

Design of a 2D Electrostatic-Thermal Actuated MEMS Mirror

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Braghin ◽  
Elisabetta Leo ◽  
Ferruccio Resta
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Supporting Frame ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Incoming Light ◽  
2D Array

MOEMS (Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System) are MEMS in which the optical part plays a dominant role. MOEMS are usually used to deflect and/or focus light from/on a given spot thus acting as optical switches. Now, imagine to have a 2D array of optical switches (e.g. a CCD) and to rotate the MOEMS so that the incoming light is focused subsequently on each of these switches. What you have designed is a 2D scanner. If you reverse the process (i.e. one light source and the MOEMS projecting on a screen) you have designed a projector. The main advantage of a MOEMS projector and/or scanner are the reduced dimensions/weight with respect to traditional projectors and scanners and the fact that the necessity of optical lenses is greatly reduced thus reducing the cost of the system. In the present paper, a 2D MOEMS projector/scanner is designed. The peculiarity of the system is that the MOEMS mirror is able to rotate around two perpendicular axes having only one excitation point instead of two thus allowing to design a system that can be produced from a planar surface. This is achieved by applying the excitation to the micro-mirror indirectly through a supporting frame that is free to rotate around an eccentric vertical axis. The micro-mirror, instead, is free to rotate around an eccentric horizontal axis with respect to such supporting frame (figure 3). To be able to excite the motion of the micro-mirror along two perpendicular axes, the actuation force has to be applied in a point that is not nodal for any of the two rigid vibration modes of the system, has to be biharmonic and, to increase displacements, has to have frequencies that correspond to the two rigid eigenfrequencies of the micro-mirror.

Going back to the roots of entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Bizjak ◽  
Monica Calcagno ◽  
Luigi Maria Sicca
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the specific field of arts entrepreneurship by focussing on the practices of vertical dance; a language of contemporary dance where dancers act on a vertical axis, moving suspended on the surface of buildings and walls. The authors’ focus on vertical dance as a meaningful corporal practice to explore the particular combination of dance and human movement, going beyond its purely metaphoric dimension. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ adopt a micro-social perspective, observing the practices (Gherardi, 2012; Nicolini, 2012; Sicca, 2000), that took place from 2013 to 2015 in the daily work of Wanda Moretti, a Venetian choreographer and co-founder of the company “Il posto”, observed in different contexts of artistic practices (Zembylas, 2014). Research limitations/implications Deconstructing the overlapping dimensions that compose the space in our daily experience (force of gravity and the supporting surface), vertical dance clarifies how often we undervalue the complexity of the space and, at the same time, opens up the way for a better understanding and investigation of entrepreneurship in artistic fields. Originality/value The study sheds light on the way in which different categories, such as the human body, space, and movement, are a particular entanglement of elements, useful in highlighting some of the fundamental assumptions at the heart of the field of entrepreneurship. The heterogeneous complexity of space and bodies is emphasised, challenging its ordinary conceptualisation.

Characteristic Views and the Visual Inspection of Simple Faceted and Smooth Objects: ‘Tetrahedra and Potatoes’

Perception ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I Perrett ◽  
Mark H Harries
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Characteristic Views ◽  
Smooth Objects ◽  
The Way

The way in which human subjects distribute their time when attempting to learn the surface appearance of objects placed on a stand free to rotate about its vertical axis was investigated. Experiments were undertaken to establish whether observers concentrate their time on particular views and, if so, to determine the image characteristics of the preferred views. For tetrahedra, subjects concentrated on views which presented a face or an edge centred on the line of sight. Both of these views were symmetric about the vertical axis. For potatoes as examples of opaque smooth objects, subjects concentrated on four views in which the object's principal (long) axis was oriented side-on or end-on to their line of sight. For such views the horizontal width (and surface area) of the object's image had maximum and minimum values. Preferred views were not systematically related to views defined as stable from the appearance of surface boundaries or ‘singularities’.

Types of Size Disparity and the Perception of Surface Slant

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1503-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron J Pierce ◽  
Ian P Howard
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Curved Boundary ◽  
Surface Slant ◽  
Size Disparity ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
Depth Contrast ◽  
Depth Enhancement ◽  
Vertical Size

We examined (i) perceived slant of a textured surface about a vertical axis as a function of disparity magnitude for horizontal-size disparity, vertical-size disparity, and overall-size disparity; and (ii) interactions between patterns with various types and magnitudes of size disparity and superimposed or adjacent zero-disparity stimuli. Horizontal-size disparity produced slant which increased with increasing disparity, was enhanced by superimposed zero-disparity stimuli, and induced contrasting slant in superimposed or adjacent zero-disparity stimuli. Vertical-size disparity produced opposite slant (induced effect) which was reduced to near zero by a superimposed zero-disparity pattern and both patterns appeared as one surface. Adjacent vertical-size-disparity and zero-disparity patterns appeared as separate surfaces with a wide curved boundary. Overall-size disparity produced slant which was enhanced by a superimposed zero-disparity pattern and less so by a zero-disparity line, and induced more slant in a zero-disparity line than in a zero-disparity pattern. The results are discussed in terms of depth underestimation of isolated surfaces, depth enhancement, depth contrast, and the processing of deformation disparity.

The Dynamic Errors of Mechatronically Controlled Lifting Equipment

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Vytautas Kazimieras Augustaitis ◽  
Vladimir Gičan ◽  
Arūnas Jakštas ◽  
Bronislovas Spruogis ◽  
Vytautas Turla
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Special Program ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Lifting Equipment ◽  
The Way

Upon striving to ensure the cargo safety and precizity of its delivery, mechatronic control systems are more and more widely applied in lifting mechanisms. They get information from various sensors, including those involved in registering the rope’s deformations. The got information may be distorted because of the appearance of cargo swinging that’s level depends on the mode of operation of the lifting mechanism and the rope’s elasticity. The latter varies dependently on the length of the unwound rope and the way of deformation of rope’s wires. In the paper, a mathematical model of a lifting mechanism that describes its dynamics on lifting when both the cargo and the rope swing in respect of a vertical axis is provided. The model was examined by a special program developed upon using MATLAB and SIMULINK program packages. The obtained dependences of the swing parameters on the mode of operation of the lifting mechanism and the rope’s parameters enable assessing a possible application of the lifting mechanism.

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