Developmental Demands for Successful Measurement of Visual Acuity in Pre-School Children

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
S V Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Science System ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Behavior Science ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
Successful Measurement

Adequate application of the Lea symbol and BUST visual acuity tests (Hyvarinen et al, 1980 Acta Ophthalmologica58 507; Lindstedt, 1986 British Journal of Visual Impairment4 49), designed for children over 18 months of developmental age, in young and/or handicapped pre-school children require preliminary assessment of their level of development. To assess the developmental demands more precisely, 162 children aged from 15 to 35 months and 54 older pre-schoolers, most with normal vision, were examined. Nearly half of the children showed some developmental delays in physical and mental capabilities as assessed on the CDI scale (Ireton, 1992, Child Developmental Inventory, Behavior Science System Inc). Nevertheless, in 77% far and/or near visual acuity was successfully measured by combinations of Lea symbol and/or BUST tests. The youngest successful children, 18 and 20 months of age, passed BUST-N and Lea-Domino. For children aged 18 – 24, 24 – 29, 30 – 35 months, and 36 months and above the success rates were, respectively, 39%, 75%, 89%, and 96%. The minimal values of the CDI scale indexes among the successful children may be regarded, in addition to chronological age, as minimal developmental demands, ie conditions necessary, although not always sufficient, for the child to pass visual acuity measurements. These values in months were 16 (‘social’), 18 (‘selfserving’), 14 (‘gross motor’), 16 (‘fine motor’), 16 (‘speech development’) and 19 (‘language comprehension’). The value of the last index was the most critical. Since the developmental demands are not very high, there are good prospects of using Lea symbol and BUST tests in young and/or handicapped children.

scholarly journals Comparison of trifocal or hybrid multifocal-extended depth of focus intraocular lenses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyang Zhong ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xiaoning Yu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Ke Yao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Refractive Lens Exchange ◽  
Extended Depth Of Focus ◽  
Refractive Lens ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

AbstractThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes following implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) or a hybrid multifocal-extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL in cataract or refractive lens exchange surgeries. We examined 13 comparative studies with bilateral implantation of trifocal (898 eyes) or hybrid multifocal-EDOF (624 eyes) IOLs published through 1 March 2020. Better uncorrected and corrected near visual acuity (VA) were observed in the trifocal group (MD: − 0.143, 95% CI: − 0.192 to − 0.010, P < 0.001 and MD: − 0.149, 95% CI: − 0.217 to − 0.082, P < 0.001, respectively), while the hybrid multifocal-EDOF group presented better uncorrected intermediate VA (MD: 0.055, 95% CI: 0.016 to 0.093, P = 0.005). Trifocal IOLs were more likely to achieve spectacle independence at near distance (RR: 1.103, 95% CI: 1.036 to 1.152, P = 0.002). The halo photic effect was generated more frequently by the trifocal IOLs (RR: 1.318, 95% CI: 1.025 to 1.696, P = 0.031). Contrast sensitivity and subjective visual quality yielded comparable results between groups. Trifocal IOLs demonstrated better performance at near distance but apparently led to more photic disturbances. Our findings provided the most up-to-date and comprehensive evidence by comparing the benefits of advanced IOLs in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Vision before and after scharioth macular lens implantation in patients with AMD: an electrophysiological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kremláček ◽  
Jana Nekolová ◽  
Markéta Středová ◽  
Jana Langrová ◽  
Jana Szanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Motion Onset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lens Implantation ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Abstract Background For patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a special intraocular lens implantation partially compensates for the loss in the central part of the visual field. For six months, we evaluated changes in neurophysiological parameters in patients implanted with a “Scharioth macula lens” (SML; a center near high add + 10 D and peripheral plano carrier bifocal lens designed to be located between the iris and an artificial lens). Methods Fourteen patients (5 M, 9 F, 63–87 years) with dry AMD were examined prior to and at 3 days after, as well as 1, 2, and 6 months after, implantation using pattern-reversal, motion-onset, and cognitive evoked potentials, psychophysical tests evaluating distant and near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Results Near visual acuity without an external aid was significantly better six months after implantation than before implantation (Jaeger table median (lower; upper quartile): 4 (1; 6) vs. 15 (13; 17)). Distant visual acuity was significantly altered between the pre- (0.7 (0.5; 0.8) logMAR) and last postimplantation visits (0.8 (0.7; 0.8) logMAR), which matched prolongation of the P100 peak time (147 (135; 151) ms vs. 161 (141; 166) ms) of 15 arc min pattern-reversal VEPs and N2 peak time (191.5 (186.5; 214.5) ms vs. 205 (187; 218) ms) of peripheral motion-onset VEPs. Conclusion SML implantation significantly improved near vision. We also observed a slight but significant decrease in distant and peripheral vision. The most efficient electrophysiological approach to test patients with SML was the peripheral motion-onset stimulation, which evoked repeatable and readable VEPs.

Distance and Near Visual Acuity in Infantile Nystagmus

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARA S. HANSON ◽  
HAROLD E. BEDELL ◽  
JANIS M. WHITE ◽  
MICHAEL T. UKWADE
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Infantile Nystagmus ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf Awan ◽  
Junaid Jamshed ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq Khan ◽  
Zahid Latif
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Health ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vision loss<strong> </strong>in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a<strong> </strong>school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of &lt;6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants was 10±2.83.<strong> </strong>The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.</p>

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN MATA DENGAN KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI RW 10 DESA KRAMAT JEGU TAMAN SIDOARJO

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Siti Damawiyah ◽  
Iis Noventi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Family Support ◽  
School Children ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Good Family

ABSTRACT: At present there is very little attention regarding visual impairment, especially in school children, whereas a poor learning environment is one of the triggers for a decrease in visual acuity in children. Myopia is one of the causes of decreased visual acuity in children, while good vision is very important in the teaching and learning process. This study aims to determine the relationship of family support in maintaining eye health with visual acuity in primary school-aged children in RW 10 Desa Kramat Jegu Taman Sidoarjo. The design of this research using a cros-sectional approach. The sample in this study were 22 elementary and sixth grade elementary school children and their mothers as many as 22 pairs. Sampling by total sampling method. Data analysis using Rank Spearman statistical test with a significance level of 5% (0.05). The results showed that of the 22 respondents most (61.18%) had good family support and from 22 respondents most (63.63%) had normal visual acuity. Spearman rank correlation test results, obtained ρ = 0.032 <α = 0.05 so that H0 is rejected which means that there is a relationship between family support about maintaining eye health with visual acuity in primary school-aged children. Good family support for maintaining eye health can improve children's visual acuity. It is expected that nurses can use the results of this study as a guide in providing nursing services for patients with eye refraction disorders. Keywords: family support, visual acuity

scholarly journals Visual acuity in fish consumers of the Brazilian Amazon: risks and benefits from local diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2236-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Fillion ◽  
Mélanie Lemire ◽  
Aline Philibert ◽  
Benoît Frenette ◽  
Hope Alberta Weiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between near and distant visual acuity and biomarkers of Hg, Pb, n-3 fatty acids and Se from the local diet of fish-eating communities of the Tapajós River in the Brazilian Amazon.DesignVisuo-ocular health and biomarkers of Hg (hair, whole blood, plasma), Pb (whole blood), Se (whole blood and plasma) and n-3 fatty acids (plasma total phospholipids) were assessed in a cross-sectional study.SettingLower Tapajós River Basin (State of Pará, Brazil), May to July 2006.SubjectsTwo hundred and forty-three adults (≥15 years) without diagnosed age-related cataracts or ocular pathologies.ResultsNear visual acuity was negatively associated with hair Hg and positively associated with %DHA, with a highly significant Log Hg × age interaction term. Stratifying for age showed that while young people presented good acuity, for those aged ≥40 years, clinical presbyopia was associated with hair Hg ≥ 15 μg/g (OR = 3·93, 95 % CI 1·25, 14·18) and %DHA (OR = 0·37, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·11). A similar age-related pattern was observed for distant visual acuity in relation to blood Pb, but the evidence was weaker.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Hg and Pb may affect visual acuity in older persons, while DHA appears to be protective for near visual acuity loss. In this population, with little access to eye care, diet may have an important influence on visuo-ocular ageing.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes with a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L Alió ◽  
Ana B Plaza-Puche ◽  
Jorge L Alió del Barrio ◽  
Pedro Amat-Peral ◽  
Vicente Ortuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Defocus Curve ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and visual outcomes, quality of near vision, and intraocular optical quality of patients bilaterally implanted with a trifocal PanOptix intraocular lens. Methods: In this prospective consecutive case-series study, 52 eyes of 26 bilateral patients (mean age, 60.2 ± 7.4 years) were implanted with the AcrySof IQ Panoptix intraocular lens. Visual acuity, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson test), near activity visual questionnaire, and internal aberrations with Osiris were evaluated. A prototype light-distortion analyzer was used to quantify the postoperative light-distortion indices. The follow-up was 6 months after surgery. Results: Uncorrected, corrected distance, and uncorrected near visual acuities improved with the surgery (p ≤ 0.02). Distance corrected near visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.10, 0.13 ± 0.13, and 0.13 ± 0.08 at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, respectively (p = 0.82). Distance corrected intermediate visual acuities were 0.09 ± 0.13, 0.13 ± 0.15, and 0.12 ± 0.12 at 1, 3, and 6 months, postoperatively. Binocular contrast sensitivity was 1.86 ± 0.15 Log Units. Defocus curve provided a visual acuity equal or better to 0.30 LogMAR between defocus levels of +0.50 to −3.00 D. The near activity visual questionnaire scores improved significantly with the surgery (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The AcrySof IQ Panoptix intraocular lens is able to restore visual function with an acceptable intermediate and near vision after cataract surgery with good contrast sensitivity and an improvement in the near activity visual questionnaire.

Outcomes of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair in Eyes With Preoperative Grade B or C Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642110467
Author(s):  
Travis J. Peck ◽  
Matthew R. Starr ◽  
Yoshihiro Yonekawa ◽  
M. Ali Khan ◽  
Anthony Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Primary Grade ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Surgical Success ◽  
Intraoperative Management ◽  
Anatomic Success

Purpose: This work evaluates the anatomic and functional outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) with preoperative grade B and C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) vs eyes without PVR. Methods: As a multi-institutional, interventional, retrospective study of all patients undergoing primary RRD surgical procedures from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2015, this study evaluated the visual acuity (VA) outcomes and single-surgery anatomic success rates (SSAS) of patients with primary grade B and C PVR at the time of RRD repair. Results: A total of 2486 eyes underwent primary RD surgery during the study period, of which 153 eyes (6.2%) had documented preoperative PVR grade B or C. Eyes without PVR had better SSAS compared with eyes with grade B or C PVR (87% vs 83% vs 75%, respectively, P < .0001). Eyes without PVR also had better final mean (SD) logMAR VA (0.35 [0.47]; 20/45 Snellen equivalent) than eyes with PVR of grade B (0.50 [0.56]; 20/63 Snellen equivalent) or grade C ( P < .0001). In only eyes with preoperative PVR, there were no significant differences in final VA or SSAS on multivariate analysis based on surgical approach or use of retinectomy or membrane peeling alone in the intraoperative management of PVR. Conclusions: Eyes with primary preoperative grade B and C PVR appear to have significantly worse VA outcomes and lower surgical success rates. Surgical approach and management of PVR membranes did not appear to affect VA or success rates, indicating that preoperative PVR severity may dictate these outcomes.

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