Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on whole-crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Silage Additives

The efficient production and utilisation of home-grown feed is considered one of the key factors that underpins the profitability of dairy systems in southern Australia. The use of winter forage cereals for grazing and silage provides an opportunity to achieve high dry matter yields over the winter and spring period. However, questions remain on the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage and its subsequent use as a production feed in livestock systems. This experiment examined the nutritive characteristics of winter wheat, triticale, forage peas and bi-crops of cereals and peas sown at different proportions, cut for silage at the soft dough growth stage of the cereals and their subsequent silage nutritive characteristics and fermentation patterns when ensiled with and without bacterial inoculant additives over 2 consecutive years. The estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (Year 1) and crude protein (CP) (Years 1 and 2) concentrations of the forage pea before and after ensiling were higher (P < 0.05) than all other forages in both years. The cereal–pea mixes had similar estimated ME values to the cereal monocultures both before harvesting and as silage, although there were significant improvements in CP concentration at the higher rates of pea inclusion. All resultant silages were well fermented as indicated by low pH, low proportions of total N as ammonia-N and high lactic acid concentrations. There were marked differences in the proportions of lactic acid and acetic acid in the pea silages between years and this is likely a result of dry matter content differences at ensiling. There was no effect of silage additives on resultant silage nutritive characteristics or fermentation parameters indicating that well fermented silage can be achieved without the additional cost of using a silage additive. This study has indicated that forage peas can be ensiled with winter cereals and produce silages that have higher CP concentrations than cereal silage but with similar fermentation parameters. Furthermore, this experiment has highlighted the potential of growing a monoculture of forage peas for ensiling with the resulting silage having higher estimated ME and CP concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of the different level of a dry feed additive on the lupin silage quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Josef Rotter ◽  
Jan Doležal ◽  
Václav Pyrochta ◽  
Jaroslav Poul
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Higher Alcohol

In the experiment, the effect of additive on the fermentation quality of lupine was examined, by comparing with the untreated control. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g/kg at full waxy stage of maturiy were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30–50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 L alone or with supplementation of feed additive (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 kg/tone forage respectively). The composition and as effective substances of this silage ingredient were dry whey (30%), maize meal (40%) and dry molases (30%). The silages fermented rapidly and changes in volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (P<0.01) and in sum of acids were noted. The different supplementation of additive in our experiment conditions increased significantly (P<0.01) the dry matter content, and decreased statistically significantly (P<0.01) the pH value. The higher DM content was in all experimental silages, but the highest DM content (P<0.01) was in silage with addition of 70 kg/t (231.58Ī0.91 g/kg). All treated silages were well fermented with low levels of ammonia and pH. The different addition of this aditive increased significantly (P<0.01) the contents of lactic acid and total content of acids in comparison with control silage. The experimental silage with higher (5%, resp. 7%) feed supplementation was of better quality (significantly higher ratio LA/sum of acids, higher content of lactic acid, lower NH3 content and pH value) than the control silage, or silage with lower concentration. In experiment feed additive–treated silages (by groups of 5 or 50 and 70 kg/t) had significantly higher alcohol content than untreated silage. It was concluded that feed additive used as a silage additive improved fermentation of lupine, reduced acetic acid and ammonia production and increased silage nutritive value.

scholarly journals Influence of Genotype, Site, and Year on Maize Nutritive Value – Yield Relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
J. Hakl ◽  
R. Loučka ◽  
J. Jirmanová ◽  
V. Jambor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Maize Genotype

Abstract Maize genotype selection represents a practical tool influencing forage yield and quality. The main objective was to investigate the contribution of genotype, site, and year to variability of maize yield and quality in the environment of Central Europe. Totally 63 maize genotypes at 11 sites over a 7-year period were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), dry matter content (DM), starch, cob, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), in situ digestibility of stover NDF (NDFD), and organic matter (OMD). The genotype showed the highest variability from all factors where stover NDFD varied from 261 to 529 g kg-1 and stover OMD from 376 to 609 g kg-1. In contrast to the whole-plant, variability of stover traits was more closely related to NDF than the DM content. Under standardized plant DM, all tested factors were significant and allowed interpretation of 70 and 60% of total variation of yield and quality for stover and whole plant, respectively. The average contributions of genotype, site, and year were 30, 7, and 5%, respectively. For variability in plant productivity and nutritive value, the importance of maize genotype selection was more than two times higher than the contribution of environment.

Effect of stage of growth and silage additives on whole crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
T. Jenkin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Silage Additives

The efficient production and subsequent utilisation of home-grown forage is seen as the cornerstone of profitability of the dairy industry as it leads to lower unit costs of milk production compared with purchased forage or grain supplements. Cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (Triticum × Triticosecale) all have the potential to produce high forage dry matter (DM) yields. These forages are not widely grown within dryland Australian dairy systems and there is a paucity of information on both the agronomic requirements and subsequent ensiling and feed-out management under these conditions. The experiment reported in this paper examines the DM yield, nutritive and ensiling characteristics of three small-grain cereals (triticale, wheat and oats) cut at various stages of development and ensiled with or without silage additives. We hypothesised that: (1) delaying harvesting until later stages of growth would result in higher DM yields, but negatively impact on both nutritive and fermentation characteristics of subsequent silages; (2) ensiling wilted material at earlier harvests would improve fermentation characteristics compared with direct ensiled material; and (3) the use of silage additives at all harvests would improve fermentation characteristics of resultant silages compared with untreated silages. Apart from winter oats, the estimated metabolisable energy of forages was highest at the boot stage of growth, declined during anthesis and then rose again during milk and soft-dough stage of growth. The crude protein content of forages declined with maturity, with final values at soft dough below 90 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fibre content was highest at anthesis and then declined, with lowest values observed at soft dough (497–555 g/kg DM). In the majority of cases silages were well preserved, with direct ensiled material having pH values generally below 4.5 and wilted material below 5.0, with limited proteolysis as assessed by ammonia-N contents in the range of 5–15% of total-N. The production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid was influenced by wilting and the use of additives. Generally, wilted silages fermented less than the corresponding direct ensiled forages, whereas the use of Sil-All 4 × 4 additive resulted in a lactic acid-dominant fermentation compared with LaSil additive, which resulted in a greater proportion of acetic acid as an end product of fermentation. The findings of the present study highlight the potential of forage cereals to produce high DM yields for whole crop cereal silage. The timing of harvest directly influences nutritive characteristics of forages for ensiling. The use of silage additives can assist in controlling fermentation pathways during ensilage, ensuring the production of silages with fermentation attributes more likely to lead to higher intakes when fed to animals.

The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans ◽  
A. Eden
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Green Matter

The paper records the results of an investigation into the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of marrow stem kale (both unthinned and singled-out) and thousand head kale. A number of the main findings are recorded below.The average dry-matter content of unthinned marrow stem kale during September and October was 13·3 per cent. During the following January it had reached a slightly higher level, namely, 14·2 per cent. Singling out of the marrow stem kale appeared to exercise little effect on the dry-matter content of the crop. Thousand head kale, with an average dry-matter content of 15·8 per cent., is significantly richer in dry matter than the marrow stem kale, although this advantage was offset by the lower yield, in terms of green matter, given per acre by the thousand head kale.

The nutritive value ofPanicum maximum(guinea grass). III. Factors affecting voluntary intake by cattle and water buffaloes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
A. L. Ordoveza ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Guinea Grass

SummaryDry-matter intake (D.M.I.) fromPanicum maximum(guinea grass) was studied in digestibility trials with Holstein and water buffalo bulls and in a feeding trial with lactating cows.Differences in voluntary D.M.I. per unit body weight0·73between the Holsteins and water buffaloes were not significant. Average D.M.I. for all bulls in all main trials was 2·16 kg per 100 kg B.W. Average D.M.I. by the lactating cows was 2·08 kg per 100 kg B.W., for all practical purposes the same as for the bulls.D.M.I. was not related to stage of maturity or season of harvest of the guinea grass. Intakes of digestible protein, T.D.N., and digestible energy in different seasons and at different growth stages were related to the percentage of those nutrients in the grass.Correlation coefficients were 0·68 between D.M.I. and B.W.0·73, 0·59 between D.M.I. and T.D.N. content, and 0·58 between D.M.I. and crude protein content, D.M.I. was not closely related to dry-matter content (r= 0·30) or crude fibre content (r= 0–01) of the guinea grass.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritive value of mechanically processed corn silage from an integrated crop-livestock system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 845-860
Author(s):  
Maria Helena de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Livestock System

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of silage made from corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) in an integrated crop-livestock system. The corn was harvested at different maturity stages and cutting heights and was processed or not before ensiling. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2x2x2+1 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of silage corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass harvested at two cutting heights (20 or 45 cm) and two stages of maturity (1/4 of the kernel milk line or kernel physiological maturity) and subjected to two methods of processing (crushing or not crushing). A control treatment composed of conventionally grown corn silage was also included. The total dry matter yields of both crops did not differ significantly among treatments, demonstrating the viability of the intercropping system for both forage species. Although the dry matter content of the corn plants was higher at the time of ensiling, the fermentative and nutritive quality of the silages was not affected. Increasing the cutting height increased the grain content of the forage mass and also avoided harming the development of the intercropped grass. The silages from the physiological maturity treatment and from the processed treatment had the best quality.

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