scholarly journals Trends in greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cattle in Mexico between 1970 and 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rendón-Huerta ◽  
J. M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
J. C. García-López ◽  
L. G. Yáñez-Estrada ◽  
E. Kebreab
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Enteric Methane

The objective of the present work was to estimate and assess trends in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), from dairy cows in Mexico from the base year of 1970 to 2010. Empirical and mechanistic models were used to estimate enteric methane emissions based on chemical composition of diets. Methane from manure was calculated using Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) and US Environmental Protection Agency recommended equations. N2O emission was calculated according to IPCC recommendations. Compared with the 1970s, current management practices using modern dairy cows increased feed conversion efficiency 32% and milk yield 62%. GHG emission intensity (i.e. emissions per unit of product) was reduced 30%, 25% and 30% for CH4, N2O and total emissions, respectively. The study showed that although GHG emissions in absolute terms increased in the past 40 years, emission intensity decreased due to higher level of production. This trend is likely to continue in the future, assuming milk production follows the same increasing trend as in other countries in North America.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Assessment of Spanish Dairy Cattle Farms: Effectiveness of Dietary and Farm Management Practices as a Mitigation Strategy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Sergio Calsamiglia
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
System Model ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Increase Milk Production

Greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint (CF) were estimated in twelve Spanish dairy farms selected from three regions (Mediterranean, MED; Cantabric, CAN; and Central, CEN) using a partial life cycle assessment through the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). The functional unit was 1 kg of energy corrected milk (ECM). Methane emissions accounted for the largest contribution to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average CF (kg CO2-eq/kg of ECM) was 0.84, being the highest in MED (0.98), intermediate in CEN (0.84), and the lowest in CAN (0.67). Two extreme farms were selected for further simulations: one with the highest non-enteric methane (MED1), and another with the highest enteric methane (CAN2). Changes in management scenarios (increase milk production, change manure collection systems, change manure-type storage method, change bedding type and installation of an anaerobic digester) in MED1 were evaluated with the IFSM model. Changes in feeding strategies (reduce the forage: concentrate ratio, improve forage quality, use of ionophores) in CAN2 were evaluated with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model. Results indicate that changes in management (up to 27.5% reduction) were more efficient than changes in dietary practices (up to 3.5% reduction) in reducing the carbon footprint.

scholarly journals Animal nutrition strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in dairy cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Rendon-Huerta ◽  
Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
Ermias Kebreab
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio

The objective of this study was to analyze different animal nutrition strategies from published papers to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in dairy cattle. Ration data used (n = 32 diets) was obtained from 15 published papers selected according to differences between forage:concentrate ratio and crude protein (CP) content. An empirical model was used to estimate enteric methane emissions based on fiber and CP content in the diets. The N2O emission was calculated according to Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) recommendations. Differences between CH4 and N2O affected by FC or CP content were analyzed through a variance analysis. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was carried out to compare CP content and nitrogen excretion in feces, urine and milk. Estimations of enteric CH4 were not significantly different between diets with various forage content levels. Diets with high concentrate content had lower GHG intensity. Nitrogen excretion in feces and urine increased linearly as dietary protein level was increased from the lowest to the highest concentrations, but conversion of nitrogen intake to nitrogen excreted in milk was not affected by increasing dietary protein. In conclusion, dietary manipulation could decrease GHG emissions by unit of produced milk. 

Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boadi ◽  
C. Benchaar ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
D. Massé
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Enteric methane (CH4) emission is a major contributor to Canadian greenhouse gas emissions, and also a loss of feed energy during production. The objective of this paper is to provide an update on current management practices and new dietary strategies recently proposed to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminants. Existing mitigation strategies for dairy, e.g., the addition of ionophores, fats, use of high-quality forages, and increased use of grains, have been well researched and applied. These nutritional changes reduce CH4 emissions by manipulating ruminal fermentation, directly inhibiting methanogens and protozoa, or by diverting hydrogen ions away from methanogens. Current literature has identified new CH4 mitigation options. These include the addition of probiotics, acetogens, bacteriocins, archaeal viruses, organic acids, plant extracts (e.g., essential oils) to the diet, as well as immunization, and genetic selection of cows. These new strategies are promising, but more research is needed to validate these approaches and to assess in vivo their effectiveness in reducing CH4 production by dairy cows. It is also important to evaluate CH4 mitigation strategies in terms of the total greenhouse gas budget and to consider the cost associated with the various strategies. More basic understanding of the natural differences in digestion efficiencies among animals as well as a better knowledge of methanogens and their interaction with other organisms in the rumen would enable us to exploit the potential of some of the new CH4 mitigation strategies for dairy cattle production. Key words: Enteric methane, dairy cattle, mitigation

Evaluating greenhouse gas mitigation practices in livestock systems: an illustration of a whole-farm approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. STEWART ◽  
S. M. LITTLE ◽  
K. H. OMINSKI ◽  
K. M. WITTENBERG ◽  
H. H. JANZEN
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Agricultural Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions

SUMMARYAs agriculture contributes about 0·08 of Canada's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reducing agricultural emissions would significantly decrease total Canadian GHG output. Evaluating mitigation practices is not always easy because of the complexity of farming systems in which one change may affect many processes and associated emissions. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of selected management practices on net whole-farm emissions, expressed in CO2equivalents (CO2e) from a beef production system, as estimated for hypothetical farms at four disparate locations in western Canada. Whole-farm emissions (t CO2e) per unit of protein output (t) of 11 management systems (Table 2) were compared for each farm using a model based, in part, on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) equations. Compared with the baseline management scenario, maintaining cattle on alfalfa-grass pastures showed the largest decrease (0·53–1·08 t CO2e/t protein) in emissions for all locations. Feeding lower quality forage over winter showed the greatest increase in emissions per unit protein on the southern Alberta (S.AB) and northern Alberta (N.AB) farms, with increases of 1·36 and 2·22 t CO2e/t protein, respectively. Eliminating the fertilization of forages resulted in the largest increase (4·20 t CO2e/t protein) in emissions per unit protein on the Saskatchewan (SK) farm, while reducing the fertilizer rate by half for all crops showed the largest increase (11·40 t CO2e/t protein) on the Manitoba (MB) farm. The findings, while approximate, illustrate the importance of considering all GHGs simultaneously, and show that practices which best reduce emissions may vary among locations. The findings also suggest merit in comparing emissions on the basis of CO2e per unit of protein exported off-farm, rather than on the basis of total CO2e or CO2e per hectare.

147 Use of Productivity Enhancing Technologies in Beef Steers Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
Sydney S Fortier ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Herbert Lardner ◽  
Aklilu Alemu ◽  
Getahun Legesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Farm Model

Abstract In the last decade, the cattle industry has witnessed increased demand from domestic and international markets for hormone and antibiotic free beef. However, the environmental consequences of switching from conventional production to “natural” beef have not been extensively examined. This study explored greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimated using a whole-farm model, Holos (www.agr.gc.ca/holos-ghg) with model inputs from a 2-year replicated study in which calves were managed from weaning to finishing with 6 treatments based on body weight and feeding strategy. Treatments included Heavy (H), which were directly finished, Medium (M), which were backgrounded prior to finishing, and Light (L), which were backgrounded and then grazed during the summer before being placed on a finishing diet. Each treatment was subdivided into two management practices: Conventional (CON) in which productivity enhancing technologies (PETs) were used (ionophores, steroid implants and beta-adrenergic agonists) and Natural (NAT) in which PETs were removed. Emission intensity (kg CO2e kg-1 boneless beef) of HNAT was 17.3 to 20.1% higher than HCON, MNAT was 20.3 to 20.5% higher than MCON and LNAT were 11.5–12.6% higher than LCON treatment. Conventional treatments, using PET’s, reduced GHG emissions, however grazing should be considered for its potential to store and promote carbon sequestration in perennial grasslands.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from Indian rice fields: calibration and upscaling using the DNDC model

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pathak ◽  
C. Li ◽  
R. Wassmann
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The Denitrification and Decomposition (DNDC) model was evaluated for its ability to simulate methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Indian rice fields with various management practices. The model was calibrated and validated for field experiments in New Delhi, India. The observed yield, N uptake and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were in good agreement with the values predicted by the model. The model was then applied for estimation of GHG emissions from rice fields in India using a newly compiled soil/climate/land use database. Continuous flooding of rice fields (42.25 million ha) resulted in annual net emissions of 1.07-1.10, 0.04-0.05 and 21.16-60.96 Tg of CH4-C, N2O-N and CO2-C, respectively, with a cumulated global warming potential (GWP) of 130.93-272.83 Tg CO2 equivalent. Intermittent flooding of rice fields reduced annual net emissions to 0.12-0.13 Tg CH4-C and 16.66-48.80 Tg CO2-C while N2O emission increased to 0.05-0.06 Tg N2O-N. The GWP, however, reduced to 91.73-211.80 Tg CO2 equivalent. The study suggested that the model could be applied for estimating the GHG emissions and the influences of agronomic management, soil and climatic parameters on the GHG emissions from rice fields in India.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Poultry Litter Amendment on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Anderson ◽  
Philip A. Moore ◽  
Jerry Martin ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Poultry Facilities

Gaseous emissions from poultry litter causes production problems for producers as well as the environment, by contributing to climate change and reducing air quality. Novel methods of reducing ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in poultry facilities are needed. As such, our research evaluated GHG emissions over a 42 d period. Three separate flocks of 1000 broilers were used for this study. The first flock was used only to produce litter needed for the experiment. The second and third flocks were allocated to 20 pens in a randomized block design with four replicated of five treatments. The management practices studied included an unamended control; a conventional practice of incorporating aluminum sulfate (referred to as alum) at 98 kg/100 m2); a novel litter amendment made from alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid (alum mud litter amendment, AMLA) applied at different rates (49 and 98 kg/100 m2) and methods (surface applied or incorporated). Nitrous oxide emissions were low for all treatments in flocks 2 and 3 (0.40 and 0.37 mg m2 hr−1, respectively). The formation of caked litter (due to excessive moisture) during day 35 and 42 caused high variability in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Alum mud litter amendment and alum did not significantly affect GHGs emissions from litter, regardless of the amendment rate or application method. In fact, litter amendments such as alum and AMLA typically lower GHG emissions from poultry facilities by reducing ventilation requirements to maintain air quality in cooler months due to lower NH3 levels, resulting in less propane use and concomitant reductions in CO2 emissions.

Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions from farm-scale anaerobic piggery waste-water digesters

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Jeng Su ◽  
Yen-Jung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Farm Scale

AbstractPig manure management systems in Taiwan differ from the model representing the Asian region developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The current study was undertaken to update greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors of anaerobically treated piggery waste water by operating the conventional three-step piggery waste-water treatment system from selected pig farms located in northern, central and southern Taiwan. Biogas mass flow meters were installed to the outlet of anaerobic basins prior to the biogas pressure stabilizers for direct and reliable biogas measurement. The analytic results showed that average GHG emissions were 0.088, 0.128 and 0.066 m3/head/day in the northern, central and southern pig farms, respectively. Thus, the average emission levels of methane and nitrous oxide were 14.38 and 0.055 kg/head/year, respectively, from anaerobic digestion of piggery waste water for the three pig farms. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids by anaerobic digestion process from the three pig farms was about 77, 93 and 70%, respectively.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Refrigeration Equipment in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Saidur ◽  
MA Sattar ◽  
H.H. Masjuki ◽  
M.Y. Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Refrigeration Equipment

This paper presents an analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipments use refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, which are believed to contribute the ozone depletion and global warming. Refrigeration equipment thus contributes indirectly through emission due to electricity consumption and directly due to the emission of refrigerants. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels are quantified and presented in this paper. The calculation was carried out based on emissions per unit electricity generated and the type of fuel used. The direct emission of refrigerant was calculated based on emission factor and according to the procedure of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA. A study was conducted to evaluate the refrigerant losses to the atmosphere and the CO2 emission from fossil fuels to generate power to run the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. In this paper, total appliance annual energy consumption by refrigerator-freezer and air conditioner as well as emission has been estimated for a period of 19 years (1997–2015) using the survey data. Energy savings and emission reductions achievable by raising thermostat set point temperature have been calculated for a period of 10 (i.e. 2005–2015) years.

Simulations of greenhouse gas emissions and soil organic carbon with ECOSSE for a rice field in Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kuhnert ◽  
Viktoria Oliver ◽  
Andrea Volante ◽  
Stefano Monaco ◽  
Yit Arn Teh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Below Ground

<p>Rice cultivation has high water consumption and emits large quantities of greenhouse gases. Therefore, rice fields provide great potential to mitigate GHG emissions by modifications to cultivation practices or external inputs. Previous studies showed differences for impacts of alternated wetting and drying (AWD) practices for above-ground and below-ground biomass, which might have long term impacts on soil organic carbon stocks. The objective of this study is to parameterise and evaluate the model ECOSSE for rice simulations based on data from an Italian rice test site where the effects of different water management practices and 12 common European cultivars, on yield and GHG emissions, were investigated. Special focus is on the differences of the impacts on the greenhouse gas emissions for AWD and continuous flooding (CF). The model is calibrated and tested for field measurements and is used for model experiments to explore climate change impacts and long-term effects. Long term carbon storage is of particular interest since it is a suitable mitigation strategy. As experiments showed different impacts of management practices on the below ground biomass, long term model experiments are used to estimate impacts on SOC of the different practices. The measurements also allow an analysis of the impacts of different cultivars and the uncertainty of model approaches using a single data set for calibration.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document